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1. 发明授权

US3291995A Photoelectrically controlled radiation pressure torque balance 失效
标题翻译：光电辐射压力转矩平衡
公开(公告)号：US3291995A
公开(公告)日：1966-12-13
申请号：US34546564
申请日：1964-02-17
申请人： SAMUEL SCHALKOWSKY
发明人： SAMUEL SCHALKOWSKY
IPC分类号： G01L21/00
CPC分类号： G01L21/00

2. 发明授权

US5547872A Method and apparatus for cleaning the sample delivery stylus of microprocessor controlled spiral platers 失效
标题翻译：用于清洁微处理器控制的螺旋压片机的样品输送针的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5547872A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-20
申请号：US386669
申请日：1995-02-10
申请人： Samuel Schalkowsky , Frances M. Scher
发明人： Samuel Schalkowsky , Frances M. Scher
IPC分类号： C12M1/26 , G01N35/10 , G01N35/02
CPC分类号： G01N35/1004 , Y10T436/11 , Y10T436/114998 , Y10T436/115831 , Y10T436/119163 , Y10T436/12
摘要： A method and apparatus for cleaning the sample delivery stylus tubing of spiral platers to prevent the carry over of disinfectants or microbes to succeeding samples by maintaining working levels of liquids in the containers to within prescribed limits so as to assure the cleaning of the stylus relative to a defined depth of immersion in the preceding cleaning or sample intake station. Containers are marked to identify the minimum required and maximum allowable levels, providing the basis for the timing and amount of liquid to be replenished. To minimize the frequency of replenishments, a digital (microprocessor implemented) control is used to avoid the use of excess liquids, beyond that needed to assure effective cleaning.
摘要翻译：一种用于清洁螺旋压片机的样品输送触针管的方法和装置，以通过将容器中的液体的工作水平维持在规定限度内来防止消毒剂或微生物携带以后的样品，以确保触针相对于在前面的清洁或取样进样台中的浸入深度。容器被标记为确定最低要求和最大允许水平，为补充液体的时间和数量提供依据。为了最大程度地减少补充的频率，使用数字（微处理器实现）控制来避免使用过量的液体，超出了确保有效清洁所需的量。

3. 发明授权

US4517292A Method and apparatus for testing microbial interaction with growth affecting substances 失效
标题翻译：用于测试微生物与生长影响物质相互作用的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4517292A
公开(公告)日：1985-05-14
申请号：US379367
申请日：1982-05-18
申请人： Samuel Schalkowsky , William Pepper, Jr.
发明人： Samuel Schalkowsky , William Pepper, Jr.
IPC分类号： C12M1/34 , C12Q1/02 , C12Q1/18 , C12M1/26 , C12M1/32 , C12Q1/24
CPC分类号： C12Q1/18 , C12M25/06 , C12M41/36 , C12Q1/025 , Y10S435/808
摘要： A method and apparatus for calculating the growth interacting substance potency and growth ratio for the intersections of a scanning spot with a track of visible microbial colonies on an interaction plate. The potency is a measure of the weight of a growth interacting substance which is deposited on the interaction plate per unit volume of the growth culture medium. The growth ratio is a measure of the growth interacting substance effect on growth of colonies of microbes on the interaction plate along the path of interaction of the scanning spot with visible microbial colonies.
摘要翻译：用于计算扫描斑点与相互作用板上的可见微生物菌落的轨道的交点的生长相互作用物质效能和生长比的方法和装置。效力是沉积在每单位体积的生长培养基的相互作用板上的生长相互作用物质的重量的量度。生长比是衡量生长相互作用物质对扫描斑点与可见微生物菌落相互作用的相互作用板上微生物群落生长的影响。

4. 发明授权

US4350186A Gravimetric diluter 失效
标题翻译：重量稀释剂
公开(公告)号：US4350186A
公开(公告)日：1982-09-21
申请号：US232531
申请日：1981-02-09
申请人： Samuel Schalkowsky , Donald Whitley
发明人： Samuel Schalkowsky , Donald Whitley
IPC分类号： G01N1/38 , G01N35/00 , B65B3/28
CPC分类号： G01N1/38 , G01N2035/00217
摘要： An apparatus for making dilutions of a sample with a diluent to a predetermined dilution factor f by weight of the diluent is disclosed. A scale with TARE capability produces an output signal of the weight W of a sample within a container less the weight of the container. A dilution factor control is provided for setting the predetermined dilution factor f. Means are provided for calculating and storing the value TW=W/f which is the total weight of the sample plus the weight of the diluent which is required to dilute the sample to the predetermined dilution factor f. A pump is connected between a reservoir of diluent and the container for the sample for pumping the amount of diluent into the container which is required to dilute the sample to the predetermined weight dilution factor f. The scale provides a continuous output of the weight W of the sample plus diluent in the container at any instant in time. Means are provided for calculating when TW-W=0. In one embodiment, the flow of diluent to the container is stopped by the stopping of the pump when TW-W=0. In another embodiment, the flow of diluent to the container is stopped by closing a pair of valves located between the pump and the container when TW-W=0.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用稀释剂稀释样品至稀释剂重量的预定稀释因子f的装置。具有TARE能力的刻度产生容器内样品的重量W的输出信号，减小容器的重量。提供稀释因子控制来设定预定的稀释因子f。提供了用于计算和存储TW = W / f的值，该值是样品的总重量加稀释剂稀释液的稀释液的重量至预定的稀释因子f。将泵连接在稀释剂储存器和用于样品的容器之间，用于将稀释剂稀释至预定重量稀释因子f所需的稀释剂量抽入容器中。该刻度在任何时刻提供样品加重W和容器中的稀释剂的连续输出。提供了在TW-W = 0时计算的方法。在一个实施例中，当TW-W = 0时，通过停止泵来停止向容器的稀释剂流。在另一个实施例中，当TW-W = 0时，通过关闭位于泵和容器之间的一对阀来停止向容器的稀释剂流。

5. 发明授权

US5563043A Method for measuring the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of antimicrobial agents 失效
公开(公告)号：US5563043A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-08
申请号：US328160
申请日：1994-10-24
申请人： Samuel Schalkowsky , Leon G. Hunt
发明人： Samuel Schalkowsky , Leon G. Hunt
IPC分类号： C12Q1/06 , C12Q1/18 , C12Q1/24 , C12Q1/02
CPC分类号： C12Q1/18
摘要： A method for measuring the combined bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of an antimicrobial agent on the number of viable cells in a bacterial population exposed to an application-relevant concentration of the agent, with the rate of change of the number of viable cells as a function of different exposure intervals expressed on a per-drug-free division interval g.sub.0 (generation time) basis, so as to facilitate the assessment of projected therapeutic efficacy independent of the particular generation time used in the test environment. (2) A method for measuring the combined bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of an antimicrobial agent on the acceleration of viable population change at a concentration corresponding to the Discrete Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (DMIC), when the size of the initial viable population remains essentially unchanged in the presence of the agent. (3) A method for measuring the bactericidal component of the effect of an antimicrobial agent from measurements of the initial viable population deposited on nutrient agar media and the number of visible colonies which formed from this deposit in the presence of a selected concentration of the antimicrobial agent. (4) A method for determining the value of the DMIC, and the rate of change of bactericidal activity with changing concentrations of the antimicrobial agent, by applying the method of (3) above at different concentrations of the antimicrobial agent; computing the probability of successful cell division from colony count data at the selected concentrations of the antimicrobial agent; evaluating the functional relationship between the probabilities of division and concentration of the agent; and obtaining from this function the value of the DMIC, the Minimum Cidal Concentration (MCC) where bactericidal activity begins and the rate of change of bactericidal activity with drug concentration.

6. 发明授权

US3348374A Sun referenced orienting devices 失效
标题翻译： Sun引用定向设备
公开(公告)号：US3348374A
公开(公告)日：1967-10-24
申请号：US32341163
申请日：1963-11-13
申请人： SAMUEL SCHALKOWSKY
发明人： SAMUEL SCHALKOWSKY
IPC分类号： B64G1/28 , B64G1/36
CPC分类号： B64G1/36 , B64G1/285 , B64G1/363

7. 发明授权

US5429944A Method for testing the comparative effect of growth-affecting substances by multiple depositions of test microorganisms 失效
标题翻译：通过多次沉积测试微生物测试生长影响物质的比较效果的方法
公开(公告)号：US5429944A
公开(公告)日：1995-07-04
申请号：US751782
申请日：1991-08-29
申请人： Samuel Schalkowsky
发明人： Samuel Schalkowsky
IPC分类号： C12Q1/18 , C12Q1/00 , C12Q1/02 , C12Q1/04 , C12Q1/24
CPC分类号： C12Q1/18 , Y10S435/809
摘要： A method for evaluating the comparative effect of growth-affecting substances, such as antimicrobial drugs or antibiotics, on different cultures of microorganisms is disclosed. The cultures are plated on the surface of a culture medium (12), such as agar, in adjacent at least partially separated tracks, such as tracks formed as Archimedes spirals. The cultures may be different concentrations of the same microbe or a test culture and a reference culture. The growth-affecting substances (22) are placed in contact with the culture medium on which the cultures have been plated preferably in the form of disks containing a powdered growth-affecting substance which dissolves and diffuses differentially into the culture medium to produce zones (24) of inhibition of growth extending radially outward from the disk. A comparison of the distance between the disk and the point of inhibition of the tracks of the different cultures which intersect the disk permits direct measurement of the comparative effects of the growth-affecting substance.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于评估生长影响物质如抗微生物药物或抗生素对不同培养微生物的比较效果的方法。将培养物铺在培养基（12）的表面上，例如琼脂，在相邻的至少部分分离的轨道，例如形成为阿基米德螺旋形的轨道上。培养物可以是相同微生物或测试培养物和参照培养物的不同浓度。生长影响物质（22）被放置成接触培养物的培养基，优选以包含粉末生长影响物质的盘的形式接触，所述粉末生长影响物质可以差异地溶解并扩散到培养基中以产生区域（24 ）抑制从圆盘径向向外延伸的生长。与圆盘之间的距离与与盘相交的不同培养物的轨迹的抑制点的比较允许直接测量生长影响物质的比较效果。

8. 发明授权

US5246837A Processor implemented method for determining the potency of a growth affecting substance interacting with micro-organisms on the surface of microbial culture media 失效
标题翻译：处理器实施方法，用于确定微生物培养基表面微生物与微生物相互作用的生长影响因素
公开(公告)号：US5246837A
公开(公告)日：1993-09-21
申请号：US259995
申请日：1988-10-19
申请人： Samuel Schalkowsky
发明人： Samuel Schalkowsky
IPC分类号： C12Q1/02 , C12Q1/18
CPC分类号： C12Q1/18 , C12Q1/025 , Y10S435/809
摘要： A method for determining an interacting culture medium concentration IAC of a growth-affecting substance in a volume of the culture medium related to growth of a microbial population deposited on a surface of the culture medium in accordance with the invention includes the steps of depositing the growth-affecting substance at a selected stock concentration SC in a programmed deposition on the surface of the culture medium such that the volume of the stock concentration at any deposited location on the surface of the culture medium is determinable; determining a transformation function TF which accounts for movement of the deposited growth-affecting substance through the culture medium; and calculating IAC as a function of SC and TF.
摘要翻译：用于确定与根据本发明的沉积在培养基表面上的微生物群体的生长相关的培养基体积中的生长影响物质的相互作用培养基浓度IAC的方法包括以下步骤：在所述培养基表面上的编程沉积物中以所选择的储备浓度SC测试物质，使得培养基表面上任何沉积位置处的原料浓度的体积是可确定的; 确定考虑沉积的生长影响物质通过培养基的运动的转化函数TF; 并计算IAC作为SC和TF的函数。

9. 发明授权

US4637053A Computer assisted biological assay system 失效
标题翻译：计算机辅助生物测定系统
公开(公告)号：US4637053A
公开(公告)日：1987-01-13
申请号：US606886
申请日：1984-05-03
申请人： Samuel Schalkowsky
发明人： Samuel Schalkowsky
IPC分类号： C12M1/34 , G06M11/00 , G06K9/00 , C12Q1/18
CPC分类号： G06M11/00 , C12M41/36
摘要： The present invention is an improved system for counting of bacterial colonies on a plate. The system permits the counting of colonies under adverse colony counting conditions where there is overlap of colonies and analyzes the plate in a plurality of segments. The colony counts for each segment are subjected to count correction, size qualification and distribution qualification to correct for missed counts and to eliminate data from the system data base when the count for a segment will not produce reliable data. The entire plate is also analyzed for subsample qualification which provides the best estimate of the bacteria containing liquid which was used to produce the colonies as represented by a coefficient of variation of the bacterial density in the liquid.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种用于计数板上细菌菌落的改进系统。该系统允许在不利的菌落计数条件下计数集落，其中存在重叠的菌落并分析多个区段中的板。对于每个段的殖民地计数经受计数校正，大小鉴定和分配限定，以校正错过的计数，并且当段的计数不会产生可靠的数据时，从系统数据库中消除数据。还对整个板进行了子样品鉴定分析，其提供了用于产生菌落的细菌含量的最佳估计，以液体中细菌密度的变异系数表示。

10. 发明授权

US4514495A Method for testing microbial interaction with growth affecting substances 失效
标题翻译：微生物与生长影响物质相互作用的测试方法
公开(公告)号：US4514495A
公开(公告)日：1985-04-30
申请号：US379281
申请日：1982-05-18
申请人： Samuel Schalkowsky , Ellen R. Schalkowsky
发明人： Samuel Schalkowsky , Ellen R. Schalkowsky
IPC分类号： C12Q1/02 , C12Q1/18 , C12M1/26 , C12Q1/24
CPC分类号： C12Q1/18 , C12Q1/025 , Y10S435/809 , Y10S435/839
摘要： A method for testing microbial interaction with growth affecting substances. A pattern of a microbe containing solution is applied on an interaction plate in a programmed concentration. A solution of a growth interacting substance is applied on the interaction plate in a programmed potency in a pattern which contacts the microbe containing solution to cause contact of the microbes with the growth interacting substance. The resultant plate is incubated for a time sufficient to produce visible microbial colonies on the interaction plate. The potency of a growth interacting substance is determined at any point of interest on the incubated interaction plate by correlating the position of the point of interest with the programmed volume of the growth interacting substance deposited at that point.
摘要翻译：一种测试微生物与生长影响物质相互作用的方法。将含有微生物的溶液的图案以编程浓度施加在相互作用板上。生长相互作用物质的溶液以编程效能以与微生物含有溶液接触以使微生物与生长相互作用物质接触的图案施加在相互作用板上。将所得板孵育足以在相互作用板上产生可见微生物菌落的时间。通过将感兴趣点的位置与沉积在该点的生长相互作用物质的程序体积相关联，在培养的相互作用平台上的任何感兴趣点处测定生长相互作用物质的效力。

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