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1. 发明授权

US4499673A Reverse voltage clamp circuit 失效
标题翻译：反向钳位电路
公开(公告)号：US4499673A
公开(公告)日：1985-02-19
申请号：US472502
申请日：1983-03-07
申请人： William G. Garrett , Karl W. Overberg
发明人： William G. Garrett , Karl W. Overberg
IPC分类号： H01L27/02 , H02H9/04
CPC分类号： H01L27/0248
摘要： A reverse voltage clamp circuit prevents the collector of an output transistor from substantially crossing a reference voltage near ground potential. The collector of the output transistor is coupled to the emitter of a clamping transistor which has its collector connected to a voltage source through a diode. The base of the clamping transistor is connected through another diode to a reference voltage of a magnitude to prevent the collector of the grounded-emitter output transistor from crossing the ground reference voltage.
摘要翻译：反向电压钳位电路防止输出晶体管的集电极基本上跨越接地电位附近的参考电压。输出晶体管的集电极耦合到钳位晶体管的发射极，钳位晶体管的集电极通过二极管连接到电压源。钳位晶体管的基极通过另一个二极管连接到大小的参考电压，以防止接地 - 发射极输出晶体管的集电极穿过接地参考电压。

2. 发明授权

US4354122A Voltage to current converter 失效
标题翻译：电压到电流转换器
公开(公告)号：US4354122A
公开(公告)日：1982-10-12
申请号：US176346
申请日：1980-08-08
申请人： Milton L. Embree , William G. Garrett
发明人： Milton L. Embree , William G. Garrett
IPC分类号： G05F1/56 , H03F3/343 , H03K3/36
CPC分类号： G05F1/561 , H03F3/343
摘要： In situations where it is desired to provide an extremely accurate output current generated from an input voltage, errors occur in the conversion. Conventional solutions depend upon operational amplifiers and rely upon the availability of both positive and negative reference voltages. When attempting to design an integrated circuit having accurate output currents using only integrated circuit technology the circuit components introduce undesirable errors. These problems have been overcome by an arrangement which includes a current mirror (104, 105) for providing the output current and also for providing a feedback current (101, 102) for use in modifying the current flowing in an input emitter follower (103). Using this approach, the base emitter voltages of the emitter follower transistor and the input transistor of the current mirror are forced to cancel each other. By adjusting the current densities of the two transistors, substantially perfect error compensation is achieved.
摘要翻译：在希望提供从输入电压产生的非常精确的输出电流的情况下，在转换中出现错误。常规解决方案取决于运算放大器，并依赖于正和负参考电压的可用性。当仅使用集成电路技术设计具有精确输出电流的集成电路时，电路组件引入不期望的错误。这些问题已经被包括用于提供输出电流的电流镜（104,105）并且还用于提供用于修改在输入射极跟随器（103）中流动的电流的反馈电流（101,102）。使用这种方法，射极跟随器晶体管和电流镜的输入晶体管的基极发射极电压被迫彼此抵消。通过调整两个晶体管的电流密度，实现了基本上完美的误差补偿。

3. 发明授权

US4323797A Reciprocal current circuit 失效
标题翻译：互流电路
公开(公告)号：US4323797A
公开(公告)日：1982-04-06
申请号：US148459
申请日：1980-05-09
申请人： Milton L. Embree , William G. Garrett
发明人： Milton L. Embree , William G. Garrett
IPC分类号： G06G7/163 , G06G7/20 , G06G7/12 , G06G7/24
CPC分类号： G06G7/163 , G06G7/20
摘要： A circuit is provided in which the output current is the inverse, that is, the reciprocal, of the input current.The circuit comprises an input current branch and an output current branch, each branch including the emitter-collector electrodes of one of matching transistors, and a reference current branch containing a pair of serially connected, like poled, diode-connected transistors. The base electrode of the input branch transistor is connected to a node in the reference branch on one side of both diode-connected transistors, and the emitter of the output branch transistor is connected to a node in the reference branch on the other side of both diode-connected transistors. The base of the output branch transistor is connected to a node in the input branch on the emitter side of the input branch transistor.The circuit thus represents sums and differences of various voltages across the PN junctions in the several branches. Since these voltages are proportional to the logarithms of the corresponding currents, the circuit produces a resultant relationship in which the output branch current is directly proportional to the square of the reference current and inversely proportional to the input branch current.
摘要翻译：提供一种电路，其中输出电流是输入电流的倒数，即倒数。该电路包括输入电流分支和输出电流分支，每个分支包括匹配晶体管之一的发射极 - 集电极电极和包含一对串联连接的极化二极管连接的晶体管的参考电流分支。输入分支晶体管的基极连接到两个二极管连接的晶体管的一侧的基准支路中的节点，输出支路晶体管的发射极连接到另一侧的参考支路中的节点二极管连接晶体管。输出分支晶体管的基极连接到输入分支晶体管的发射极侧的输入支路中的节点。因此，电路表示多个分支中的PN结上的各种电压的和和差。由于这些电压与对应电流的对数成比例，所以电路产生一个结果关系，其中输出支路电流与参考电流的平方成正比，并与输入支路电流成反比。

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