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1. 发明授权

US06937760B2 Interactive frame segmentation with dynamic programming 失效
标题翻译：交互式帧分割与动态规划
公开(公告)号：US06937760B2
公开(公告)日：2005-08-30
申请号：US09751147
申请日：2000-12-28
申请人： Todd Schoepflin , Yongmin Kim
发明人： Todd Schoepflin , Yongmin Kim
IPC分类号： G06T5/00 , G06K9/34 , G06K9/48 , G06K9/62
CPC分类号： G06T7/155 , G06T7/12 , G06T2207/10016
摘要： Control points used in deriving an object boundary for a prior frame are overlaid onto a current frame. An initial estimate of an object boundary are derived from the control points and edge energy data. The operator adjusts the control points to better model the boundary for the current frame. For each updated control point, the object boundary is rederived.A restricted area is defined encompassing the initial control points. When a control point is moved outside the restricted area, the restricted area is redefined to accommodate it. The boundary between control points is derived by finding a best path. Only points within the restricted area are considered. A first set of rules is used to find the best path when the distance between the two points is less than threshold value. A second set of rules is used when the distance between the two points exceeds the threshold value.
摘要翻译：用于导出先前帧的对象边界的控制点被覆盖在当前帧上。对象边界的初始估计是从控制点和边缘能量数据导出的。操作员调整控制点以更好地建模当前帧的边界。对于每个更新的控制点，对象边界被重新归类。定义包含初始控制点的限制区域。当控制点移动到限制区域之外时，限制区域被重新定义以适应它。控制点之间的边界是通过找到最佳路径得出的。只有限制区域内的点被考虑。当两点之间的距离小于阈值时，第一组规则用于找到最佳路径。当两点之间的距离超过阈值时，使用第二组规则。

2. 发明授权

US06870945B2 Video object tracking by estimating and subtracting background 失效
标题翻译：视频对象跟踪通过估计和减去背景
公开(公告)号：US06870945B2
公开(公告)日：2005-03-22
申请号：US09874160
申请日：2001-06-04
申请人： Todd Schoepflin , David R. Haynor , John D. Sahr , Yongmin Kim
发明人： Todd Schoepflin , David R. Haynor , John D. Sahr , Yongmin Kim
IPC分类号： H04N5/272 , G06T5/00 , G06T7/20 , G06K9/00
CPC分类号： G06T7/254 , G06T7/12 , G06T7/155 , G06T2207/10016
摘要： An object is tracked among a plurality of image frames. In an initial frame an operator selects an object. The object is distinguished from the remaining background portion of the image to yield a background and a foreground. A model of the background is used and updated in subsequent frames. A model of the foreground is used and updated in the subsequent frames. Pixels in subsequent frames are classified as belonging to the background or the foreground. In subsequent frames, decisions are made, including: which pixels do not belong to the background; which pixels in the foreground are to be updated; which pixels in the background were observed incorrectly in the current frame; and which background pixels are being observed for the first time. In addition, mask filtering is performed to correct errors, eliminate small islands and maintain spatial and temporal coherency of a foreground mask.
摘要翻译：在多个图像帧之间跟踪对象。在初始帧中，操作者选择一个对象。该对象与图像的剩余背景部分不同以产生背景和前景。在随后的帧中使用和更新背景模型。在后续帧中使用和更新前台的模型。后续帧中的像素被归类为属于背景或前景。在随后的帧中，作出决定，包括：哪些像素不属于背景; 要更新前景中的哪些像素; 背景中的像素在当前帧中观察不正确; 并且第一次观察到哪个背景像素。此外，执行掩模滤波以校正误差，消除小岛并保持前景掩模的空间和时间相干性。

3. 发明授权

US06574353B1 Video object tracking using a hierarchy of deformable templates 有权
标题翻译：使用可变形模板层次结构的视频对象跟踪
公开(公告)号：US06574353B1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-03
申请号：US09500403
申请日：2000-02-08
申请人： Todd Schoepflin , Vikram Chalana , David Haynor , Yongmin Kim
发明人： Todd Schoepflin , Vikram Chalana , David Haynor , Yongmin Kim
IPC分类号： G06K900
CPC分类号： G06K9/6206 , G06K2009/3291 , G06T7/246
摘要： A hierarchy of deformation operations is implemented to deform a template and match the deformed template to an object in a video frame. At each level, the constraints on the template deformations are relaxed, while the spatial range of the object boundary search is narrowed. At a highest level, an initial template is translated, rotated and scaled to coarsely locate the object within a given image frame. At a middle level, an affine transformation is implemented, globally or locally, to deform the template. For a local affine transformation process, a sup-portion, such as an articulation or appendage portion of the template is deformed. The middle level refines the template to get the template boundary close to the actual object boundary within a given frame. At the lowest level, a local segmentation algorithm is applied to deform the now close boundary to finely match the object boundary.
摘要翻译：实现变形操作的层次以使模板变形并将变形的模板与视频帧中的对象相匹配。在每个层次上，对模板变形的限制被放宽，而对象边界搜索的空间范围变窄。在最高级别，初始模板被翻译，旋转和缩放以在给定的图像帧内粗略地定位对象。在中间层面，全局或本地实现仿射变换，使模板变形。对于本地仿射变换过程，模板的诸如关节或附属部分的支撑部分变形。中间级别对模板进行精简，以使模板边界在给定框架内的实际对象边界附近。在最低层次，应用局部分割算法来变形现在接近的边界以精细匹配对象边界。

4. 发明授权

US06912310B1 Video object segmentation using active contour model with directional information 有权
标题翻译：使用具有方向信息的主动轮廓模型的视频对象分割
公开(公告)号：US06912310B1
公开(公告)日：2005-06-28
申请号：US09649694
申请日：2000-08-28
申请人： HyunWook Park , Todd Schoepflin , Shijun Sun , Yongmin Kim
发明人： HyunWook Park , Todd Schoepflin , Shijun Sun , Yongmin Kim
IPC分类号： G06T7/60 , G06K9/64 , G06T7/20 , H04N7/26 , G06K9/48 , G06K9/46
CPC分类号： G06K9/342 , G06K9/32 , G06K9/38 , G06K9/44 , G06K9/4652 , G06K9/6207 , G06K2009/3291 , G06T7/254 , G06T9/001 , G06T9/20
摘要： Object segmentation and tracking are improved by including directional information to guide the placement of an active contour (i.e., the elastic curve or ‘snake’) in estimating the object boundary. In estimating an object boundary the active contour deforms from an initial shape to adjust to image features using an energy minimizing function. The function is guided by external constraint forces and image forces to achieve a minimal total energy of the active contour. Both gradient strength and gradient direction of the image are analyzed in minimizing contour energy for an active contour model.
摘要翻译：通过包括方向信息来引导对象分割和跟踪，以引导活动轮廓（即，弹性曲线或“蛇”）在估计对象边界中的位置。在估计对象边界时，使用能量最小化函数，主动轮廓从初始形状变形以调整到图像特征。该功能由外部约束力和图像力引导，以实现活动轮廓的最小总能量。分析图像的梯度强度和梯度方向，以最小化主动轮廓模型的轮廓能量。

5. 发明授权

US06674925B1 Morphological postprocessing for object tracking and segmentation 失效
标题翻译：形态后处理对象跟踪和分割
公开(公告)号：US06674925B1
公开(公告)日：2004-01-06
申请号：US09500259
申请日：2000-02-08
申请人： Todd Schoepflin , Yongmin Kim
发明人： Todd Schoepflin , Yongmin Kim
IPC分类号： G06K956
CPC分类号： G06T7/251 , G06T7/12 , G06T7/155 , G06T2207/10016
摘要： An object mask and a set of control points defined for a given frame are subjected to morphological processing to remove false edge points and provide a more robust mask for use in tracking the object in a next frame. The morphological processing is performed on a frame by frame basis corresponding to object tracking so that errors added in by the object tracker do not accumulate, and instead are filtered out. Rapidly moving objects which are troublesome for edge-based object trackers are more readily tracked. Also, regions of low contrast or regions locked onto in the background when trying to identify the object are more readily distinguished and eliminated from the object mask.
摘要翻译：对于给定的帧定义的对象掩模和一组控制点进行形态处理以去除假边缘点并提供用于跟踪下一帧中的对象的更加鲁棒的掩码。对应于对象跟踪逐帧地进行形态处理，使得由对象跟踪器添加的错误不积累，而是被滤除。对于基于边缘的对象跟踪器而言麻烦的快速移动的对象更易于跟踪。此外，当尝试识别对象时，低对比度或在背景中锁定的区域更容易被区分并从对象掩模中消除。

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