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1. 发明授权

US06698331B1 Use of metal foams in armor systems 失效
标题翻译：在装甲系统中使用金属泡沫
公开(公告)号：US06698331B1
公开(公告)日：2004-03-02
申请号：US09719666
申请日：2001-02-26
申请人： Chin-Jye Yu , Terry Dennis Claar , Harald H. Eifert
发明人： Chin-Jye Yu , Terry Dennis Claar , Harald H. Eifert
IPC分类号： F14H504
CPC分类号： F41H5/0442 , Y10T428/12479
摘要： In a multi-layer armor system (10), useful for military vehicles, a metallic foam is provided as the shock energy-absorbing element. In a typical arrangement, the metallic foam shock-absorbing element (12) is sandwiched between a high strength strike plate (11) and a backing plate (13). Typically, the backing plate is a highly deforming metal, such as titanium, aluminum, or steel. However, the backing plate may comprise one or more layers of metal, ceramic or polymer-based composites. The high strength strike plate may be ceramic or metal. The shock-absorbing element is preferably a closed-cell metal foam with a high porosity that is effective in containing rearward deformation of the strike plate from a projectile strike. In a preferred embodiment, the shock-absorbing element is an aluminum foam with a porosity of 80 percent by volume.
摘要翻译：在用于军用车辆的多层装甲系统（10）中，提供金属泡沫作为冲击能量吸收元件。在典型的布置中，金属泡沫缓冲元件（12）夹在高强度冲击板（11）和背板（13）之间。通常，背板是高度变形的金属，例如钛，铝或钢。然而，背板可以包括一层或多层金属，陶瓷或聚合物基复合材料。高强度冲击板可以是陶瓷或金属。减震元件优选是具有高孔隙率的闭孔金属泡沫，其有效地包含撞击板从射弹撞击的向后变形。在一个优选实施例中，减震元件是孔隙率为80体积％的铝泡沫。

2. 发明授权

US5855955A Method for making self-supporting composite bodies 失效
标题翻译：制造自支撑复合体的方法
公开(公告)号：US5855955A
公开(公告)日：1999-01-05
申请号：US815499
申请日：1997-03-11
申请人： Terry Dennis Claar , Vilupanur Alwar Ravi , Michael Allan Richmond , Philip Joseph Roach , Barry Robert Rossing
发明人： Terry Dennis Claar , Vilupanur Alwar Ravi , Michael Allan Richmond , Philip Joseph Roach , Barry Robert Rossing
IPC分类号： C04B35/65 , C04B41/50 , C04B41/87 , C23C10/08 , C23C26/00 , C23C16/30
CPC分类号： C04B41/009 , C04B35/652 , C04B41/5057 , C04B41/87 , C23C10/08 , C23C26/00
摘要： This invention relates generally to a novel directed metal oxidation process which is utilized to produce self-supporting bodies. In some of the more specific aspects of the invention, a parent metal (e.g., a parent metal vapor) is induced to react with at least one solid oxidant-containing material to result in the directed growth of a reaction product which is formed from a reaction between the parent metal and the solid oxidant-containing material. The inventive process can be utilized to form bodies having substantially homogeneous compositions, graded compositions, and macrocomposite bodies.In a preferred embodiment, a substance comprising a filler material and a solid oxidant, preferably an admixture of particulates, is coated onto at least a portion of the solid oxidant-containing material. Such a technique is particularly advantageous for forming relatively thick reaction product layers which might not otherwise develop to the desired thickness using the original "directed growth" embodiment. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the solid oxidant and the solid oxidant-containing material have the same chemical composition, and the filler material and the reaction product have the same chemical composition.
摘要翻译：本发明一般涉及用于生产自支撑体的新颖的定向金属氧化方法。在本发明的一些更具体的方面中，诱导母体金属（例如母体金属蒸汽）与至少一种含固体氧化剂的材料反应，导致反应产物的直接生长，所述反应产物由母体金属和含固体氧化剂的材料之间的反应。本发明的方法可以用于形成具有基本上均匀的组合物，分级组合物和大复合体的本体。在优选的实施方案中，将包含填料和固体氧化剂，优选颗粒混合物的物质涂覆在至少一部分含固体氧化剂的材料上。这种技术对于形成相对较厚的反应产物层是特别有利的，其可以使用原始的“定向生长”实施例不会另外发展成所需的厚度。在特别优选的实施方案中，固体氧化剂和含固体氧化剂的材料具有相同的化学组成，并且填料和反应产物具有相同的化学组成。

3. 发明授权

US6113982A Composite bodies and methods for making same 失效
标题翻译：复合体及其制作方法
公开(公告)号：US6113982A
公开(公告)日：2000-09-05
申请号：US472619
申请日：1995-06-07
申请人： Terry Dennis Claar , Vilupanur Alwar Ravi , Philip Joseph Roach
发明人： Terry Dennis Claar , Vilupanur Alwar Ravi , Philip Joseph Roach
IPC分类号： C04B35/65 , C04B41/50 , C04B41/87 , C23C10/08 , C23C10/16 , C23C26/00 , C23C16/00
CPC分类号： C04B41/009 , C04B35/652 , C04B41/5057 , C04B41/87 , C23C10/08 , C23C10/16 , C23C26/00
摘要： This invention relates generally to a novel directed metal oxidation process which is utilized to produce self-supporting bodies. In some of the more specific aspects of the invention, a parent metal (e.g., a parent metal vapor) is induced to react with at least one solid oxidant-containing material to result in the directed growth of a reaction product which is formed from a reaction between the parent metal and the solid oxidant-containing material. The inventive process can be utilized to form bodies having substantially homogeneous compositions, graded compositions, and macrocomposite bodies.In a preferred embodiment, the reaction product may be chemically modified or a different reaction product may be coated thereon. Specifically, once a first reaction product is formed on a solid oxidant-containing material, the formed body may be exposed to a vapor-phase parent metal different from the first parent metal. Alternatively the formed body may be exposed to a vapor-phase oxidant having a different chemical composition then the solid oxidant-containing material. Still further, a non-stoichiometric reaction product deficient in the oxidant component may be made more stoichiometric by heating the self-supporting body in the absence of reaction product growth conditions at a temperature and for a time sufficient to effect diffusion of additional oxidant from the solid oxidant-containing material into the sub-stoichiometric reaction product, thereby increasing its stoichiometry.
摘要翻译：本发明一般涉及用于生产自支撑体的新颖的定向金属氧化方法。在本发明的一些更具体的方面中，诱导母体金属（例如母体金属蒸汽）与至少一种含固体氧化剂的材料反应，导致反应产物的直接生长，所述反应产物由母体金属和含固体氧化剂的材料之间的反应。本发明的方法可以用于形成具有基本上均匀的组合物，分级组合物和大复合体的本体。在优选的实施方案中，反应产物可以被化学改性，或者可以在其上涂覆不同的反应产物。具体地说，一旦在含固体氧化剂的材料上形成第一反应产物，就可将成形体暴露于不同于第一母体金属的气相母体金属。或者，成形体可以暴露于具有不同化学组成的气相氧化剂，然后暴露于含固体氧化剂的材料。此外，通过在不存在反应产物生长条件的条件下加热自支撑体，可以使缺乏氧化剂组分的非化学计量的反应产物变得更加化学计量，温度和时间足以使另外的氧化剂从含固体氧化剂的材料进入亚化学计量反应产物，从而增加其化学计量。

4. 发明授权

US5674562A Method for making self supporting composite bodies 失效
标题翻译：制造自支撑复合体的方法
公开(公告)号：US5674562A
公开(公告)日：1997-10-07
申请号：US476158
申请日：1995-06-07
申请人： Terry Dennis Claar , Vilupanur Alwar Ravi , Michael Allan Richmond , Philip Joseph Roach , Barry Robert Rossing
发明人： Terry Dennis Claar , Vilupanur Alwar Ravi , Michael Allan Richmond , Philip Joseph Roach , Barry Robert Rossing
IPC分类号： C04B35/65 , C04B41/50 , C04B41/87 , C23C10/08 , C23C10/16 , C23C26/00 , C23C16/30
CPC分类号： C04B35/652 , C04B41/009 , C04B41/5057 , C04B41/87 , C23C10/08 , C23C10/16 , C23C26/00
摘要： This invention relates generally to a novel directed metal oxidation process which is utilized to produce self-supporting bodies. In some of the more specific aspects of the invention, a parent metal (e.g., a parent metal vapor) is induced to react with at least one solid oxidant-containing material to result in the directed growth of a reaction product which is formed from a reaction between the parent metal and the solid oxidant-containing material. The inventive process can be utilized to form bodies having substantially homogeneous compositions, graded compositions, and macrocomposite bodies. In a preferred embodiment, the reaction product may be chemically modified or a different reaction product may be coated thereon. Specifically, once a first reaction product is formed on a solid oxidant-containing material, the formed body may be exposed to a vapor-phase parent metal different from the first parent metal. Alternatively, the formed body may be exposed to a vapor-phase oxidant having a different chemical composition then the solid oxidant-containing material. Still further, a non-stoichiometric reaction product deficient in the oxidant component may be made more stoichiometric by heating the self-supporting body in the absence of reaction product growth conditions at a temperature and for a time sufficient to effect diffusion of additional oxidant from the solid oxidant-containing material into the sub-stoichiometric reaction product, thereby increasing its stoichiometry.
摘要翻译：本发明一般涉及用于生产自支撑体的新颖的定向金属氧化方法。在本发明的一些更具体的方面中，诱导母体金属（例如母体金属蒸汽）与至少一种含固体氧化剂的材料反应，导致反应产物的直接生长，所述反应产物由母体金属和含固体氧化剂的材料之间的反应。本发明的方法可以用于形成具有基本上均匀的组合物，分级组合物和大复合体的本体。在优选的实施方案中，反应产物可以被化学改性，或者可以在其上涂覆不同的反应产物。具体地说，一旦在含固体氧化剂的材料上形成第一反应产物，就可将成形体暴露于不同于第一母体金属的气相母体金属。或者，成形体可以暴露于具有不同化学组成的气相氧化剂，然后暴露于含固体氧化剂的材料。此外，通过在不存在反应产物生长条件的条件下加热自支撑体，可以使缺乏氧化剂组分的非化学计量的反应产物变得更加化学计量，温度和时间足以使另外的氧化剂从含固体氧化剂的材料进入亚化学计量反应产物，从而增加其化学计量。

5. 发明授权

US5654246A Methods of making composite ceramic articles having embedded filler 失效
标题翻译：制备具有嵌入填料的复合陶瓷制品的方法
公开(公告)号：US5654246A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-05
申请号：US451581
申请日：1995-05-26
申请人： Marc Stevens Newkirk , Harry Richard Zwicker , Andrew Willard Urquhart , John Peter Biel , Jack Andrew Kuszyk , Craig Barlow Shumaker , Harold Daniel Lesher , Terry Dennis Claar , Michael Kevork Aghajanian
发明人： Marc Stevens Newkirk , Harry Richard Zwicker , Andrew Willard Urquhart , John Peter Biel , Jack Andrew Kuszyk , Craig Barlow Shumaker , Harold Daniel Lesher , Terry Dennis Claar , Michael Kevork Aghajanian
IPC分类号： C04B35/65 , C04B41/87 , C04B38/00
CPC分类号： C04B35/652 , C04B41/87
摘要： A method of making self-supporting ceramic composite structures having filler embedded therein includes infiltrating a permeable mass of filler with polycrystalline material comprising an oxidation reaction product obtained by oxidation of a parent metal such as aluminum. The self-supporting ceramic composite structure optionally contains therein non-oxidized constituents of the parent metal. The structure is formed by placing a parent metal adjacent to a permeable filler and heating the assembly to melt the parent metal and provide a molten body of parent metal which is contacted with a suitable oxidant. Within a certain temperature region and optionally, aided by one or more dopants in or on the parent metal, molten parent metal will migrate through previously formed oxidation reaction product into contact with the oxidant, causing the oxidation reaction product to grow so as to embed the adjacent filler and provide the composite structure. The parent metal may be provided as a body of metal placed in contact with an exterior surface of the permeable mass. Alternatively, the parent metal may be placed adjacent to the filler material by admixing a plurality of discrete bodies of parent metal (e.g., particulate metal) into the permeable mass. In this embodiment, the growth of oxidation reaction product still embeds the adjacent filler material without substantial change in the size or shape of the permeable mass, but does not result in the creation of voids at the former locations of the bodies of parent metal.
摘要翻译：制造具有嵌入其中的填料的自支撑陶瓷复合结构的方法包括用包含通过母体金属如铝的氧化获得的氧化反应产物的多晶材料渗透可渗透的填料。自支撑陶瓷复合结构任选地含有母体金属的非氧化成分。该结构通过将母体金属放置在可渗透填料附近并加热该组件以熔化母体金属并提供与合适的氧化剂接触的母体金属熔融体而形成。在一定温度范围内，任选地，由母体金属中或母体金属上的一种或多种掺杂剂辅助，熔融母体金属将迁移通过预先形成的氧化反应产物与氧化剂接触，使氧化反应产物生长，从而嵌入相邻填料并提供复合结构。母金属可以设置为与可渗透物质的外表面接触的金属体。或者，母金属可以通过将多个离散的母体金属（例如，颗粒金属）的主体混合到可渗透物质中而邻近填充材料放置。在该实施方案中，氧化反应产物的生长仍然嵌入相邻的填充材料，而在渗透性物质的尺寸或形状上没有显着变化，但不会导致在母体金属体的原始位置产生空隙。

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