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1. 发明授权

US5405680A Selective emissivity coatings for interior temperature reduction of an enclosure 失效
标题翻译：用于室内温度降低的选择性辐射涂层
公开(公告)号：US5405680A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-11
申请号：US263151
申请日：1994-06-16
申请人： David B. Chang , Slava A. Pollack , I-Fu Shih , Albert J. Jicha
发明人： David B. Chang , Slava A. Pollack , I-Fu Shih , Albert J. Jicha
IPC分类号： B05D5/00 , B05D7/00 , B05D7/14 , B05D7/24 , C03C17/22 , C03C17/34 , C09D5/00 , G02B5/28 , C23C14/06
CPC分类号： C03C17/3435 , C03C17/22 , C03C17/347 , C03C17/3476 , C03C17/3488 , C09D5/00 , C03C2217/283 , C03C2217/288 , C03C2217/289 , C03C2217/29 , Y10S428/913 , Y10T428/24942 , Y10T428/2993
摘要： Selective emissivity coatings are disclosed for temperature reduction of enclosures such as vehicles and building structures. The coating includes a selective emissivity material such as silicon-oxy-nitride having a desired thermal emissivity function which is high in the 8-13 micron wavelength region, and low elsewhere except in the visible wavelength region. The material provides a mechanism for radiative cooling of the enclosure by converting the blackbody radiation of the enclosure, which would be reflected by the earth's atmosphere, into far infrared radiation which is transmitted by the atmosphere. According to another aspect of the invention, the coating further comprises a semimetal which is reflective of radiation in the near infrared region, thereby reducing the solar heat load on the enclosure. One suitable semimetal is LaB.sub.6. The coating may be applied to the exterior surface of vehicle and building windows, or to the exterior, non-window surfaces of building structures. For the latter, the coating may take the form of a conventional paint to which is added tiny particles of the semimetal and selective emissivity materials to achieve the radiative cooling and reflection of incident infrared radiation.
摘要翻译：公开了选择性辐射涂层用于诸如车辆和建筑结构之类的外壳的温度降低。涂层包括选择性发射率材料，例如具有期望的热发射率函数的硅 - 氮化物，其在8-13微米波长区域中是高的，并且在可见波长区域中除外。该材料通过将被地球大气层反射的外壳的黑体辐射转换成由大气传播的远红外辐射而提供了用于辐射冷却外壳的机构。根据本发明的另一方面，涂层还包括反射近红外区域中的辐射的半金属，从而减少外壳上的太阳能热负荷。一种合适的半金属是LaB6。涂层可以施加到车辆和建筑物窗户的外表面，或施加到建筑结构的外部非窗户表面。对于后者，涂层可以采用常规涂料的形式，其中添加了半金属和选择性发射材料的微小颗粒，以实现入射红外辐射的辐射冷却和反射。

2. 发明授权

US5041735A Miniature infrared test target 失效
标题翻译：微型红外测试目标
公开(公告)号：US5041735A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-20
申请号：US475574
申请日：1990-02-06
申请人： David B. Chang , Slava A. Pollack , Kenn S. Bates , I-Fu Shih
发明人： David B. Chang , Slava A. Pollack , Kenn S. Bates , I-Fu Shih
IPC分类号： G01S3/78
CPC分类号： G01S3/7803
摘要： A miniature infrared test target that comprises a heated four-bar test target operated at a high temperature and a physically separated ambient field operated at ambient temperature. A beamsplitter is disposed relative to the test target and the field in a position to combine and transmit images thereof along a common axis. A lens is disposed along the common axis and forms a combined image of the test target and the field at its image plane. Separation of the test and field targets permits miniaturization of the test target while maintaining a temperature difference between the field and the bars that is proportional to the true temperature difference. The target overcomes the difficulty of maintaining an extremely high temperature gradient in the target. It provides a greater contrast range than that provided by conventional miniature targets. The miniature infrared test target is made with surfaces approximating a blackbody, thereby providing immunity from the Narcissus problem and the effects of complicated environmental changes.

3. 发明授权

US5022040A Upconversion pumped lasers 失效
标题翻译：升压泵浦激光器
公开(公告)号：US5022040A
公开(公告)日：1991-06-04
申请号：US607203
申请日：1990-10-30
申请人： Slava A. Pollack , David B. Chang
发明人： Slava A. Pollack , David B. Chang
IPC分类号： H01S3/094 , H01S3/11 , H01S3/16
CPC分类号： H01S3/11 , H01S3/08072 , H01S3/094038 , H01S3/094092 , H01S3/1608 , H01S3/1611 , H01S3/165 , H01S3/17
摘要： A laser incorporating a laser medium disposed within a laser cavity and a pumping arrangement for selectively applying excitation energy to said laser medium. The laser medium contains upconverting material of the type which allows for the exchange of energy between electrons of the lasing ions at a given energy state below the meta-stable initial lasing state so that some of said exchanging electrons are upconverted to energy states at or above the meta-stable initial lasing state. The pumping arrangement applies energy of suitable wavelength and intensity for elevating electrons from energy levels below the given state to that state in sufficient numbers to support substantial upconversion and the resulting lasing.
摘要翻译：一种激光器，其包括设置在激光腔内的激光介质和用于选择性地向所述激光介质施加激发能量的泵送装置。激光介质包含上变频材料，其类型允许在低于等稳定的初始激光状态的给定能量状态下使激光离子的电子之间的能量交换，使得一些所述交换电子被上转换成等于或高于元稳定的初始激光状态。泵送装置施加适当的波长和强度的能量，用于将电子从低于给定状态的能级提升到足够数量的电压，以支持实质的上变频和所产生的激光。

4. 发明授权

US4760257A Apparatus for measuring properties of a laser emission 失效
标题翻译：用于测量激光发射特性的装置
公开(公告)号：US4760257A
公开(公告)日：1988-07-26
申请号：US899277
申请日：1986-08-22
申请人： Slava A. Pollack , I-Fu Shih , Robert Tzeng
发明人： Slava A. Pollack , I-Fu Shih , Robert Tzeng
IPC分类号： G01J1/42 , G01J1/58 , G01M11/00 , G01M11/02 , G02B6/00 , G01N21/84 , G01N21/00
CPC分类号： G01M11/33 , G01J1/4257
摘要： Apparatus is provided for measuring the numerical apertures of an optical fiber in the infrared region. The optical fiber is appropriately mounted in accordance with conventional testing standards. Infrared energy is transmitted through the optical fiber. At a predetermined distance from the end of the optical fiber, a conversion screen can be provided for transforming the emitted infrared energy into a lesser wavelength of energy. The energy distribution can be recorded with a detector compatible with the lesser wavelength energy whereby the numerical aperture can be computed from the recorded data.
摘要翻译：提供了用于测量红外区域中的光纤的数值孔径的装置。光纤根据常规测试标准适当地安装。红外能量通过光纤传输。在距离光纤端部预定距离处，可以提供转换屏幕，用于将发射的红外能量转换成较小波长的能量。可以用与较小波长能量兼容的检测器记录能量分布，从而可以从记录的数据计算数值孔径。

5. 发明授权

US4755673A Selective thermal radiators 失效
标题翻译：选择性散热器
公开(公告)号：US4755673A
公开(公告)日：1988-07-05
申请号：US861619
申请日：1986-05-06
申请人： Slava A. Pollack , David B. Chang
发明人： Slava A. Pollack , David B. Chang
IPC分类号： F24J2/48 , G01J5/48 , G02F2/02 , G02F1/01
CPC分类号： G02F2/02 , F24J2/48 , G01J1/58 , G01J5/48 , Y02E10/40 , Y10S126/908
摘要： An improved thermal radiator uses host materials having high internal reflection and scattering co-efficients for improved effectiveness. Selective thermal radiators are used for frequency conversion of incident radiation through the Welsbach effect. A Welsbach material screen is used to convert incident IR radiation into visible radiation, permitting visual observation of IR radiation and facilitating control and monitoring of IR equipment. Welsbach material is also used as a dynamic IR target which converts incident visible radiation into a high resolution IR source pattern. Welsbach material is also employed as a temperature stable material for converting solar radiation into heat.
摘要翻译：改进的散热器使用具有高内反射和散射系数的主体材料以提高效率。选择性热辐射器用于通过威尔斯巴赫效应对入射辐射进行变频。使用威尔斯巴赫材料屏幕将入射的IR辐射转换成可见光辐射，允许目视观察IR辐射，并有助于IR设备的控制和监测。威尔斯巴克材料也被用作将入射的可见光辐射转换为高分辨率红外光源图案的动态IR目标。威尔斯巴赫材料也被用作将太阳辐射转化为热量的温度稳定材料。

6. 发明授权

US3560795A High intensity short duration high repetition rate light source 失效
标题翻译：高强度短时间高重复率光源
公开(公告)号：US3560795A
公开(公告)日：1971-02-02
申请号：US3560795D
申请日：1969-09-29
申请人： SLAVA A POLLACK , RICHARD C MACKEY
发明人： POLLACK SLAVA A , MACKEY RICHARD C
IPC分类号： H05B41/34 , H05B37/00
CPC分类号： H05B41/34
摘要： A light source having a lamp envelope with electrodes positioned therein a predetermined distance apart. A gaseous medium is provided within the envelope which has a predetermined pressure for providing a minimum duration maximum intensity output light pulse characteristic of the gaseous medium when a voltage pulse of comparable duration is applied across the electrodes to ionize the gaseous medium. The voltage pulse is provided by a pulseforming circuit which is adapted to be changed to a predetermined voltage from a source of electrical energy to generate the voltage pulse having a time duration comparable to the duration of the output light pulse. A circuit is also provided for periodically connecting the pulse-forming circuit to the electrodes to discharge the voltage pulse through the gaseous medium.

7. 发明授权

US5033203A Curing oven using Wellsbach conversion 失效
标题翻译：使用Wellsbach转换固化烤箱
公开(公告)号：US5033203A
公开(公告)日：1991-07-23
申请号：US483619
申请日：1990-02-23
申请人： David B. Chang , James E. Drummond , Slava A. Pollack , I-Fu Shih
发明人： David B. Chang , James E. Drummond , Slava A. Pollack , I-Fu Shih
IPC分类号： B05C9/12 , B05C9/14 , B05D3/02 , B05D3/06 , F26B3/28 , F26B3/30
CPC分类号： F26B3/28 , F26B3/305
摘要： An improved curing oven using Wellsbach conversion is disclosed. The present invention 10 provides an improved curing oven which cures materials with electromagnetic radiation in the ultraviolet region. The invention consists of a surface 12 lined with a layer of material 14 effective to radiate ultraviolet radiation in response to the application of infrared radiation. In a specific illustrative implementation, the invention 10 includes a second surface 18 overlying the first surface 12 providing a passageway therebetween. The oven temperature is set and maintained by a conventional temperature controller 20. The temperature controller 20 measures the oven temperature and controls a valve 22 which adjusts the gas pressure from a gas supply 24 to a set of oven burners 26. Air is supplied through inlet ports 28 included in the second surface 18.

8. 发明授权

US4935722A Transparent eyelevel upconversion stoplight for vehicles 失效
标题翻译：透明眼镜上转换车辆
公开(公告)号：US4935722A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-19
申请号：US431813
申请日：1989-11-06
申请人： Slava A. Pollack
发明人： Slava A. Pollack
IPC分类号： B60Q1/30
CPC分类号： B60Q1/302
摘要： A transparent eyelevel stoplight for vehicles is disclosed, which operates on an upconversion principle wherein red light in an otherwise transparent crystal is excited by invisible infrared radiation. The crystal may take the form of a transparent plate or an optical fiber applied to the vehicle rear window. The host crystal material is doped with a suitable rare-earth ion, which when illuminated by infrared energy produces visible light. An infrared laser may be used to illuminate the doped crystal, and is activated by the vehicle brakes. The crystal material is transparent to ordinary visible light and therefore will not obscure the driver's vision.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于车辆的透明眼睛停车灯，其以上变换原理操作，其中透明晶体中的红光被不可见的红外辐射激发。晶体可以采用施加到车辆后窗的透明板或光纤的形式。主体晶体材料掺有合适的稀土离子，当被红外能量照射时产生可见光。可以使用红外激光来照亮掺杂的晶体，并且被车辆制动器激活。晶体材料对于普通可见光透明，因此不会掩盖驾驶员的视力。

9. 发明授权

US3946331A Nernst lamp for laser pumping 失效
标题翻译：能斯特灯用于激光泵浦
公开(公告)号：US3946331A
公开(公告)日：1976-03-23
申请号：US465464
申请日：1974-04-30
申请人： Slava A. Pollack , Van O. Nicolai
发明人： Slava A. Pollack , Van O. Nicolai
IPC分类号： H01S3/093 , H01S3/091
CPC分类号： H01S3/093 , H01S3/025
摘要： A Nernst lamp is used as the pumping means for a solid state laser. The l materials are selected so that the light energy emitted is essentially concentrated in the relatively narrow pump region of the absorption spectrum of the laser crystal. The input power in to the laser is equivalent to that of much higher power lamps operating over a much wider spectrum.
摘要翻译：使用能斯特灯作为固体激光器的泵送装置。选择灯材料使得发射的光能基本上集中在激光晶体的吸收光谱的相对窄的泵浦区域中。激光器的输入功率等于在更宽的频谱上工作的更高功率的灯。

10. 发明授权

US5311137A Liquid crystal electric field tester for circuit boards 失效
标题翻译：电路板液晶电场测试仪
公开(公告)号：US5311137A
公开(公告)日：1994-05-10
申请号：US8230
申请日：1993-01-21
申请人： David B. Chang , Slava A. Pollack , James Drummond , Michael F. Berg
发明人： David B. Chang , Slava A. Pollack , James Drummond , Michael F. Berg
IPC分类号： G01R31/28 , G02F1/13 , G02F1/1333 , G01R31/00 , G01R31/302
CPC分类号： G02F1/1309 , G01R31/281 , G02F1/133345
摘要： A nondestructive noninvasive device and method for testing printed circuit boards (PCBs) through the utilization of a liquid crystal material which visually images the electric fields of the PCBs. Circuit faults resulting in a change of current flow in a PCB produce recognizable changes in observed electric fields. The present invention may be used in a stand-alone mode or as a supplement to other testing techniques.
摘要翻译：一种用于通过利用液晶材料测试印刷电路板（PCB）的非破坏性非侵入性装置和方法，该液晶材料可视觉地显示PCB的电场。导致PCB中电流变化的电路故障在观察到的电场中产生可识别的变化。本发明可以以独立模式或作为其他测试技术的补充使用。

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