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1. 发明授权

US09605522B2 Apparatus and method for extracting petroleum from underground sites using reformed gases 有权
公开(公告)号：US09605522B2
公开(公告)日：2017-03-28
申请号：US12389989
申请日：2009-02-20
申请人： Robert M. Zubrin , Mark H. Berggren
发明人： Robert M. Zubrin , Mark H. Berggren
IPC分类号： E21B43/16
CPC分类号： E21B43/164 , E21B43/168 , Y02P90/70
摘要： Methods and apparatus for removing oil or natural gas from the ground may include, for example, reforming a fuel source by reaction with water to generate driver gas, and injecting the driver gas into the oil well. The reforming operation may include causing the combustion of a combustible material with ambient oxygen for the release of energy; and heating a reforming reaction fuel and water sources, with the energy released from the combustion of the combustible material, to a temperature above that required for the reforming reaction wherein the fuel and water sources are reformed into driver gas. In one example, the amount of the combustible material combusted is sufficient to result in the release of enough energy to heat an amount of the reforming reaction fuel and water sources to the temperature above that required for the reforming reaction to proceed. The driver gas may be used to help extract oil from the ground and especially oil from depleted oil wells. It may also be used to drive natural gas trapped underground or in coal beds to the surface.

2. 发明授权

US08616294B2 Systems and methods for generating in-situ carbon dioxide driver gas for use in enhanced oil recovery 有权
标题翻译：用于产生原位二氧化碳驱动气体的系统和方法，用于提高采收率
公开(公告)号：US08616294B2
公开(公告)日：2013-12-31
申请号：US12868015
申请日：2010-08-25
申请人： Robert M. Zubrin , Mark H. Berggren
发明人： Robert M. Zubrin , Mark H. Berggren
IPC分类号： E21B43/40
CPC分类号： E21B43/164 , E21B43/168 , Y02C10/14 , Y02P90/70
摘要： The present invention is an in-situ apparatus for generating carbon dioxide gas at an oil site for use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The apparatus includes a steam generator adapted to boil and superheat water to generate a source of superheated steam, as well as a source of essentially pure oxygen. The apparatus also includes a steam reformer adapted to react a carbonaceous material with the superheated steam and the pure oxygen, in an absence of air, to generate a driver gas comprising primarily carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas. A separator is adapted to separate at least a portion of the carbon dioxide gas from the rest of the driver gas to generate a carbon dioxide-rich driver gas and a hydrogen-rich fuel gas. A compressor is used for compressing the carbon dioxide-rich driver gas for use in enhanced oil recovery, and the compressed carbon dioxide-rich driver gas, with substantially no oxygen, is injected to a predetermined depth in order to enhance oil recovery at the oil site. Unlike traditional CO2-EOR, which requires large power plants stationed near metropolitan areas and expensive pipeline networks, the in-situ apparatus can be placed or constructed at the site of the oil field, while a portion of the carbonaceous material may be obtained from a site outside the oil field.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种在石油场地产生二氧化碳气体用于强化采油（EOR）的原位装置。该设备包括适于沸腾和过热水的蒸汽发生器，以产生过热蒸汽源，以及基本纯净的氧源。该设备还包括一种蒸汽重整器，其适于在没有空气的情况下使含碳材料与过热蒸汽和纯氧反应，以产生主要包含二氧化碳气体和氢气的驱动气体。分离器适于将二氧化碳气体的至少一部分与驱动气体的其余部分分离以产生富含二氧化碳的驱动气体和富氢燃料气体。压缩机用于压缩富含二氧化碳的驱动气体用于增强采油，并且基本上没有氧气的压缩的富含二氧化碳的驱动气体被注入到预定的深度以提高油的回收率现场。与传统的CO2-EOR不同，传统的CO2-EOR需要驻扎在大都市区附近的大型发电厂和昂贵的管道网络，原位装置可以在油田的位置放置或构造，而一部分碳质材料可以从场外油田。

3. 发明申请

US20100314136A1 SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR GENERATING IN-SITU CARBON DIOXIDE DRIVER GAS FOR USE IN ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY 有权
标题翻译：用于生产现场二氧化碳驱动气体的系统和方法用于增强油回收
公开(公告)号：US20100314136A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-16
申请号：US12868015
申请日：2010-08-25
申请人： Robert M. Zubrin , Mark H. Berggren
发明人： Robert M. Zubrin , Mark H. Berggren
IPC分类号： E21B43/24 , H02K7/18 , B01J19/00
CPC分类号： E21B43/164 , E21B43/168 , Y02C10/14 , Y02P90/70
摘要： The present invention is an in-situ apparatus for generating carbon dioxide gas at an oil site for use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The apparatus includes a steam generator adapted to boil and superheat water to generate a source of superheated steam, as well as a source of essentially pure oxygen. The apparatus also includes a steam reformer adapted to react a carbonaceous material with the superheated steam and the pure oxygen, in an absence of air, to generate a driver gas comprising primarily carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas. A separator is adapted to separate at least a portion of the carbon dioxide gas from the rest of the driver gas to generate a carbon dioxide-rich driver gas and a hydrogen-rich fuel gas. A compressor is used for compressing the carbon dioxide-rich driver gas for use in enhanced oil recovery, and the compressed carbon dioxide-rich driver gas, with substantially no oxygen, is injected to a predetermined depth in order to enhance oil recovery at the oil site. Unlike traditional CO2-EOR, which requires large power plants stationed near metropolitan areas and expensive pipeline networks, the in-situ apparatus can be placed or constructed at the site of the oil field, while a portion of the carbonaceous material may be obtained from a site outside the oil field.
摘要翻译：本发明是一种在石油场地产生二氧化碳气体用于强化采油（EOR）的原位装置。该设备包括适于沸腾和过热水的蒸汽发生器，以产生过热蒸汽源，以及基本纯净的氧源。该设备还包括一种蒸汽重整器，其适于在没有空气的情况下使含碳材料与过热蒸汽和纯氧反应，以产生主要包含二氧化碳气体和氢气的驱动气体。分离器适于将二氧化碳气体的至少一部分与驱动气体的其余部分分离以产生富含二氧化碳的驱动气体和富氢燃料气体。压缩机用于压缩富含二氧化碳的驱动气体用于增强采油，并且基本上没有氧气的压缩的富含二氧化碳的驱动气体被注入到预定的深度以提高油的回收率现场。与传统的CO2-EOR不同，传统的CO2-EOR需要驻扎在大都市区附近的大型发电厂和昂贵的管道网络，原位装置可以在油田的位置放置或构造，而一部分碳质材料可以从场外油田。

4. 发明申请

US20100200693A1 Apparatus for Generation and Use of Lift Gas 有权
标题翻译：用于产生和使用提升气体的装置
公开(公告)号：US20100200693A1
公开(公告)日：2010-08-12
申请号：US12767615
申请日：2010-04-26
申请人： Robert M. Zubrin , Mark H. Berggren , Dan Harber , Heather Ann Rose
发明人： Robert M. Zubrin , Mark H. Berggren , Dan Harber , Heather Ann Rose
IPC分类号： B64B1/58 , B64B1/70
CPC分类号： B64B1/62
摘要： A balloon launch unit produces lift gas to enable balloon launch or to allow the prolongation of balloon flight. A method of using the balloon launch unit can include reforming a fuel source by reaction with water to generate hydrogen-rich lift gas mixtures, and injecting the lift gas into a balloon. A reforming operation can include causing the combustion of a combustible material with ambient oxygen for the release of energy; and heating a reforming combination of reaction fuel and water with the energy released from the combustion of the combustible material, to a temperature above that required for the reforming reaction wherein the fuel and water sources are reformed into lift gas. The amount of the combustible material combusted is sufficient to result in the release of enough energy to heat an amount of the reforming reaction fuel and water sources to the temperature above that required for the reforming reaction.
摘要翻译：气球发射单元产生提升气体以使气球发射或允许气球飞行的延长。使用气囊发射单元的方法可以包括通过与水反应来重新形成燃料源，以产生富氢提升气体混合物，并将提升气体注入气球。重整操作可以包括使可燃材料与环境氧的燃烧引起能量的释放; 并且将具有从可燃材料的燃烧释放的能量的反应燃料和水的重整组合加热到高于重整反应所需的温度，其中燃料和水源被重整成提升气体。燃烧的可燃材料的量足以导致释放足够的能量以将重整反应燃料和水源的量加热到高于重整反应所需温度的温度。

5. 发明授权

US07753972B2 Portable apparatus for extracting low carbon petroleum and for generating low carbon electricity 有权
标题翻译：用于提取低碳石油和生产低碳电力的便携式设备
公开(公告)号：US07753972B2
公开(公告)日：2010-07-13
申请号：US12496456
申请日：2009-07-01
申请人： Robert M. Zubrin , Mark H. Berggren
发明人： Robert M. Zubrin , Mark H. Berggren
IPC分类号： B01J7/00 , H01M8/06 , C01B3/36 , C10J3/46 , C10J3/54 , E21B19/00 , E21B43/16
CPC分类号： E21B43/164 , C10J2300/1612 , F27D17/004 , Y02C10/14 , Y02E50/12 , Y02E50/32 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/143 , Y02P20/133 , Y02P90/70
摘要： The Portable Renewable Energy System for Enhanced Oil Recovery (“PRESEOR”) is a truck mobile system that reforms biomass into CO2 and hydrogen, following which the gases are separated, with the CO2 sequestered underground for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and the hydrogen used to generate several megawatts of carbon-free electricity. In contrast to large central power plants that are generally not well-located to support EOR, the small PRESEOR can go directly to the oilfields where it is needed, and do so in a timely manner. The PRESEOR sequesters more biomass-derived carbon than is released by the burning of the oil it yields, thereby producing not only carbon-free electricity but carbon-free oil. Using PRESEOR, over 80 billion barrels of U.S. oil would be made recoverable, without the need to drill new wells in pristine areas.
摘要翻译：提高采收率的便携式可再生能源系统（“PRESEOR”）是一种卡车移动系统，将生物质转化为二氧化碳和氢气，随后将气体分离，二氧化碳被封存在地下，以提高采收率（EOR）和氢气产生几兆瓦的无碳电力。相比之下，大型中央发电厂通常不太适合支持EOR，小型PRESEOR可以直接进入需要的油田，并及时进行。 PRESEOR螯合物比通过其产生的油的燃烧释放更多的生物质来源的碳，从而不仅产生无碳电，而且产生无碳的油。使用PRESEOR，可以回收超过800亿桶美国石油，而无需在原始地区钻新井。

6. 发明申请

US20090236093A1 Apparatus and Method for Extracting Petroleum from Underground Sites Using Reformed Gases 有权
标题翻译：使用改造气体从地下采集石油的设备和方法
公开(公告)号：US20090236093A1
公开(公告)日：2009-09-24
申请号：US12389989
申请日：2009-02-20
申请人： Robert M. Zubrin , Mark H. Berggren
发明人： Robert M. Zubrin , Mark H. Berggren
IPC分类号： E21B43/16 , E21B43/00
CPC分类号： E21B43/164 , E21B43/168 , Y02P90/70
摘要： Provided herein are methods and apparatus for removing oil or natural gas from the ground. In one example, the method may include reforming a fuel source by reaction with water to generate driver gas, and injecting the driver gas into the oil well. The reforming operation may include causing the combustion of a combustible material with ambient oxygen for the release of energy; and heating a reforming reaction fuel and water sources, with the energy released from the combustion of the combustible material, to a temperature above that required for the reforming reaction wherein the fuel and water sources are reformed into driver gas. In one example, the amount of the combustible material combusted is sufficient to result in the release of enough energy to heat an amount of the reforming reaction fuel and water sources to the temperature above that required for the reforming reaction to proceed. The driver gas may be used to help extract oil from the ground and especially oil from depleted oil wells. It may also be used to drive natural gas trapped underground or in coal beds to the surface.
摘要翻译：本文提供了从地面除去油或天然气的方法和装置。在一个实例中，该方法可以包括通过与水的反应来重整燃料源以产生驱动气体，并将驱动器气体注入油井。重整操作可以包括使可燃材料与周围氧气一起燃烧以释放能量; 并且将从所述可燃材料的燃烧释放的能量的重整反应燃料和水源加热到高于重整反应所需的温度，其中燃料和水源被重整成驱动气体。在一个实例中，燃烧的可燃材料的量足以导致释放足够的能量以将一定量的重整反应燃料和水源加热到高于重整反应进行所需的温度。驾驶员气体可用于帮助从地面提取油，特别是从枯竭的油井中提取油。也可用于驱动地下或煤层中被捕获的天然气。

7. 发明授权

US07947137B2 Nitrous oxide based explosives and methods for making same 有权
标题翻译：一氧化二氮基爆炸物及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：US07947137B2
公开(公告)日：2011-05-24
申请号：US11684129
申请日：2007-03-09
申请人： Robert M. Zubrin
发明人： Robert M. Zubrin
IPC分类号： C06B47/00 , C06B47/04 , D03D23/00 , D03D43/00
CPC分类号： C06B47/04 , C06D5/08
摘要： An explosive device and methods for forming same, the device comprising a portion of nitrous oxide and a portion of fuel. In one example, the explosive device may include a first storage area containing said portion of nitrous oxide, and a second storage area containing said portion of fuel, wherein the first storage area selectively maintains the portion of nitrous oxide separated from the fuel in the second storage area prior to detonation of the explosive device. In another example, in the event the explosive fails to detonate, the explosive device may include a vent valve for discharging the nitrous oxide from the explosive device to reduce or eliminate its explosive characteristics. The explosive device can be used for various applications, including but not limited to military weapons, pyrotechnic devices, or civil blasting explosives, for example.
摘要翻译：一种爆炸装置及其形成方法，该装置包括一部分一氧化二氮和一部分燃料。在一个示例中，爆炸装置可以包括含有所述一氧化二氮部分的第一存储区域和包含所述部分燃料的第二存储区域，其中第一存储区域选择性地维持在第二存储区域中与燃料分离的部分氧化亚氮在爆炸装置爆炸之前的存储区域。在另一个例子中，在爆炸物不能起爆的情况下，爆炸装置可以包括用于从爆炸装置排出一氧化二氮以减少或消除其爆炸特性的排气阀。爆炸装置可用于各种应用，例如包括但不限于军事武器，烟火装置或民用爆破炸药。

8. 发明授权

US07937948B2 Systems and methods for generating electricity from carbonaceous material with substantially no carbon dioxide emissions 有权
标题翻译：基本上没有二氧化碳排放的碳质材料发电的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07937948B2
公开(公告)日：2011-05-10
申请号：US12565308
申请日：2009-09-23
申请人： Robert M. Zubrin , Mark H. Berggren
发明人： Robert M. Zubrin , Mark H. Berggren
IPC分类号： F02C6/18
CPC分类号： F02C3/28 , B01D2257/504 , C01B2203/84 , C01B2203/86 , F01K13/00 , F01K23/067 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E20/18 , Y02E20/185 , Y02E20/326 , Y02E50/11 , Y02E50/12 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P30/30
摘要： A reformation power plant generates clean electricity from carbonaceous material and high pressure CO2 which can be easily sequestered or utilized for a beneficial purpose, such as fuel production. The reformation power plant design utilizes a reformation process that reforms carbonaceous fuel with super-heated steam into a high-pressure gaseous mixture that is rich in carbon dioxide and hydrogen gas. This high-pressure gas exchanges excess heat with the incoming steam from a boiler and continues onward to a condenser. Once cooled, the high-pressure gas goes through a methanol separator, after which the CO2-rich gas is sequestered underground or beneficially re-used. The remaining hydrogen-rich gas is combusted through a gas turbine. The gas turbine provides power to a generator and also regenerative heat for the boiler. Finally, the generator converts mechanical energy into electricity, which is transferred to the electric grid. Therefore, carbon-free electricity is generated from coal, biomass, or other carbon-based feedstock.
摘要翻译：改造发电厂从碳质材料和高压二氧化碳产生清洁电力，可以容易地隔离或用于有益的目的，如燃料生产。改造发电厂的设计采用改造过程，将碳酸燃料用超热蒸汽转化成富含二氧化碳和氢气的高压气态混合物。这种高压气体与来自锅炉的进入蒸汽交换过量的热量并继续向冷凝器。一旦冷却，高压气体通过甲醇分离器，之后将富含二氧化碳的气体隔离在地下或有益地重新使用。剩余的富氢气体通过燃气轮机燃烧。燃气轮机为发电机提供动力，并为锅炉提供再生热。最后，发电机将机械能转化为电力，将其转移到电网。因此，从煤，生物质或其他碳基原料产生无碳电力。

9. 发明申请

US20110046244A1 NATURAL GAS STEAM REFORMING METHOD WITH LINEAR COUNTERCURRENT HEAT EXCHANGER 有权
标题翻译：具有线性逆流换热器的天然气蒸汽重整方法
公开(公告)号：US20110046244A1
公开(公告)日：2011-02-24
申请号：US12943834
申请日：2010-11-10
申请人： Robert M. Zubrin , Sam G. Michael , Gevorg Sargsyan
发明人： Robert M. Zubrin , Sam G. Michael , Gevorg Sargsyan
IPC分类号： C01B3/38 , C10L3/06 , C07C1/04
CPC分类号： E21B43/168 , C01B3/384 , C01B3/48 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/0405 , C01B2203/0415 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/06 , C01B2203/0816 , C01B2203/0894 , C01B2203/1058 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/1247 , C01B2203/1252 , C01B2203/127 , C01B2203/1294 , C01B2203/169 , C01B2203/82 , C01B2203/84 , C01B2203/86 , Y02E20/16 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P30/30
摘要： The present invention is a natural gas steam reforming method for generating an output gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen, including the following steps. (1) Combusting a portion of the natural gas with an oxidizing agent to generate heat, superheated steam, and a gas mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. (2) Steam reforming the gas mixture with additional superheated steam under steam-rich conditions to transform a remaining portion of the natural gas into carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen. (3) Water-gas-shifting any residual carbon monoxide into additional carbon dioxide and additional hydrogen by utilizing a water-gas-shift catalyst downstream of the steam reforming step, thereby producing an effluent gas mixture that is predominantly carbon dioxide and hydrogen. (4) Boiling water in a top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger to generate the superheated steam by transferring heat released in the water-gas-shifting step, where as the water is gravitationally and thermally stratified from top to bottom with a top portion boiling into steam, the steam continues to rise and is additionally heated in the top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger. (5) And, utilizing the superheated steam produced as a reactant in the steam reforming step and the water-gas-shifting step to assist in reformation of the natural gas into carbon dioxide and hydrogen.
摘要翻译：本发明是用于产生二氧化碳和氢气的输出气体混合物的天然气蒸汽重整方法，包括以下步骤。（1）用氧化剂燃烧一部分天然气以产生热量，过热蒸汽以及二氧化碳，一氧化碳和氢气的混合气体。（2）在富含蒸汽的条件下用另外的过热蒸汽对气体混合物进行蒸汽重整，以将剩余部分的天然气转化为二氧化碳，一氧化碳和氢气。（3）通过在蒸汽重整步骤下游利用水煤气变换催化剂将任何残留的一氧化碳进行水煤气转移到另外的二氧化碳和另外的氢气中，从而产生主要是二氧化碳和氢气的流出气体混合物。（4）在顶部到底部的线性逆流热交换器中的沸腾水，通过传递在水煤气变换步骤中释放的热量来产生过热蒸汽，其中水由上而下重力和热分层，顶部部分沸腾成蒸汽，蒸汽继续上升，并在顶部至底部的线性逆流热交换器中另外加热。（5）利用在蒸汽重整工序和水煤气变换工序中作为反应物生成的过热蒸汽，有助于将天然气重整成二氧化碳和氢气。

10. 发明申请

US20110014088A1 COMPACT NATURAL GAS STEAM REFORMER WITH LINEAR COUNTERCURRENT HEAT EXCHANGER 有权
标题翻译：具有线性逆向热交换器的紧凑型天然气蒸汽转化器
公开(公告)号：US20110014088A1
公开(公告)日：2011-01-20
申请号：US12902143
申请日：2010-10-11
申请人： Robert M Zubrin , Sam G. Michael , Gevorg Sargsyan
发明人： Robert M Zubrin , Sam G. Michael , Gevorg Sargsyan
IPC分类号： B01J19/00
CPC分类号： E21B43/168 , C01B3/384 , C01B3/48 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0283 , C01B2203/0405 , C01B2203/0415 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/06 , C01B2203/0816 , C01B2203/0894 , C01B2203/1058 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/1247 , C01B2203/1252 , C01B2203/127 , C01B2203/1294 , C01B2203/169 , C01B2203/82 , C01B2203/84 , C01B2203/86 , Y02E20/16 , Y02P20/129 , Y02P30/30
摘要： The present invention is natural gas steam reforming apparatus for generating an output gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The apparatus is made from two enclosures. A first enclosure contains a source of water, superheated steam, and channels, located within a lower portion of the first enclosure, which contain a water-gas-shift catalyst for converting CO into CO2 and H2. The heat from hot gas flowing through the channels is released into the first enclosure to boil the water to generate the superheated steam. A second enclosure, contained within an upper portion of the first enclosure, includes a steam inlet for receiving the superheated steam from the first enclosure; a combustion chamber; and a reformation chamber. The combustion chamber is used for combusting a portion of the natural gas to generate additional steam, heat, and a hot gas mixture of CO2, CO, and H2. The reformation chamber is used for steam reforming a remaining portion of the natural gas to generate additional hot gas mixture of CO2, CO, and H2. The hot gas mixture is directed through the channels installed in the first enclosure in which the water-gas-shift catalyst converts residual CO into additional CO2 and additional H2, to produce an output gas mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen. In the present invention, the first and second enclosures function as a top-to-bottom linear countercurrent heat exchanger. In one embodiment of the present invention, an external third enclosure containing a combustion chamber and a boiler for combusting natural gas with ambient air may be used to boil additional water into superheated steam which is then fed into the first enclosure.
摘要翻译：本发明是用于产生二氧化碳和氢气的输出气体混合物的天然气蒸汽重整装置。该设备由两个外壳制成。第一壳体包含位于第一外壳下部的水源，过热蒸汽和通道，其包含用于将CO转化成CO 2和H 2的水煤气变换催化剂。来自流经通道的热气体的热量被释放到第一外壳中以使水沸腾以产生过热蒸汽。包含在第一外壳的上部内的第二外壳包括用于从第一外壳接收过热蒸汽的蒸汽入口; 燃烧室; 和改造室。燃烧室用于燃烧一部分天然气以产生额外的蒸汽，热量和CO 2，CO和H 2的热气体混合物。重整室用于蒸汽重整天然气的剩余部分，以产生CO 2，CO和H 2的另外的热气体混合物。热气体混合物通过安装在第一壳体中的通道引导，其中水煤气变换催化剂将残余CO转化成另外的CO 2和另外的H 2，以产生二氧化碳和氢气的输出气体混合物。在本发明中，第一和第二外壳用作顶部到底部的线性逆流热交换器。在本发明的一个实施例中，可以使用包含用于将天然气与环境空气一起燃烧的燃烧室和锅炉的外部第三壳体，以将额外的水沸腾到过热蒸汽中，然后将其进料到第一外壳中。

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