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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Fire floor process
    • 消防楼层过程
    • US4072191A
    • 1978-02-07
    • US725305
    • 1976-09-21
    • Richard L. Clampitt
    • Richard L. Clampitt
    • C09K8/592E21B43/243E21B43/24E21B33/138
    • E21B43/243C09K8/592
    • In an underground in situ combustion process for the recovery of oil from formations having high permeabilities, after combustion has been initiated, water containing a surfactant and air are injected under conditions such that the water upon contact with the hot formation vaporizes, creating slugs of condensible foam in an amount sufficient to generate a significant resistance factor of at least 5, which improves volumetric sweep efficiency by retarding the mobility of the steam and subsequent slugs of air. Air and water, including a surfactant, can be injected simultaneously as a mixture or as alternate slugs of water containing a surfactant and air.
    • 在用于从具有高渗透性的地层回收油的地下原位燃烧过程中,在燃烧开始之后,含有表面活性剂和空气的水在与热地层接触的水蒸发的条件下被注入,产生可冷凝的lug 足以产生至少5的显着电阻系数的泡沫,其通过延迟蒸汽和随后的空气絮状物来提高体积扫掠效率。 空气和水,包括表面活性剂,可以作为混合物同时注入,或作为含有表面活性剂和空气的交替的水分。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Process for making sulfonated uintaite and well fluid additives including sulfonated uintaite
    • 制备磺化uintaite和良好流体添加剂的方法,包括磺化uintaite
    • US06514916B1
    • 2003-02-04
    • US09659888
    • 2000-09-12
    • Richard L. ClampittBilly L. Swanson
    • Richard L. ClampittBilly L. Swanson
    • C09K702
    • C09K8/32C09K8/22Y10S507/904Y10S507/922
    • Sulfonated uintaite is prepared by sulfonating a naturally occurring uintaite charge with a sulfonating agent such as sulfur trioxide, fuming sulfuric acid, chlorosulfonic acid, oleum, or concentrated sulfuric acid to produce sulfonic acids of uintaite. The resulting sulfonic acids are neutralized with a caustic neutralizing agent and sulfonated uintaite is the product. The sulfonated uintaite product is dried and packaged. The produced sulfonated uintaite is useful in oil and gas well working fluids (drilling muds). Neutralization of the resulting sulfonic acids with sodium hydroxide or ammonium hydroxide as the caustic neutralizing agent yields water and oil-soluble or dispersible salts of the sulfonated uintaite. Neutralization with Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide) as the caustic neutralizing agent yields a product which is preferable in oil-based muds.
    • 通过用磺化剂如三氧化硫,发烟硫酸,氯磺酸,发烟硫酸或浓硫酸磺化天然存在的铝白粉矿来制备磺化的铝白泥,以产生乌素的磺酸。 所得的磺酸用苛性中和剂中和,磺化的uintaite是产物。 将磺化的乌素产品干燥并包装。 所生产的磺化锌白粉可用于油气井工作液(钻井泥浆)。 用苛性钠中和剂的氢氧化钠或氢氧化铵中和所得的磺酸产生磺化uintaite的水和油溶性或可分散的盐。 用Ca(OH)2(氢氧化钙)作为碱性中和剂进行中和,得到在油基泥浆中优选的产物。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Aqueous gels for plugging fractures in subterranean formation and
production of said aqueous gels
    • 含水凝胶用于堵塞地层中的裂缝并生产所述含水凝胶
    • US3955998A
    • 1976-05-11
    • US489749
    • 1974-07-18
    • Richard L. ClampittJames E. Hessert
    • Richard L. ClampittJames E. Hessert
    • B01J19/06C09K8/14C09K8/20C09K8/588C09K8/68C09K8/72E21B43/26C08L1/26
    • C09K8/80B01J19/06C09K8/588C09K8/68C09K8/72E21B43/261
    • Aqueous gels suitable for plugging fractures in subterranean formations are produced by (1) thickening water by incorporating therein a thickening amount of a water-soluble cellulose ether (e.g.,CMC), (2) incorporating a water-soluble compound of a polyvalent metal (e.g., sodium or potassium dichromate) wherein the valence state of the metal therein is capable of being reduced to a lower polyvalent valence state, in an amount sufficient to cause gelation when the valence of at least a portion of said metal is reduced to said lower valence state, (3) incorporating a water-soluble reducing agent (e.g., a sulfite, hydrosulfite, metabisulfite or thiosulfate of sodium or potassium, sodium sulfide, hydrogen sulfide or mixtures thereof) in an amount effective to reduce at least a portion of said metal to said lower valence state and cause gelation, and (4) incorporating a finely divided solid (e.g., diatomaceous earth) in an amount sufficient to cause an increase in gel strength.
    • 通过(1)通过在其中加入增稠量的水溶性纤维素醚(例如CMC)来增稠水,(2)加入多价金属的水溶性化合物(...),制备适用于在地层中堵塞裂缝的水性凝胶 例如重铬酸钠或重铬酸钾),其中其中金属的价态能够被还原成较低的多价价态,其量足以引起凝胶化,当所述金属的至少一部分的价态降低到所述低价位 价态,(3)将有效量的至少一部分的水溶性还原剂(例如亚硫酸盐,连二亚硫酸盐,亚硫酸钠,亚硫酸氢盐或亚硫酸钠或硫代硫酸钠,硫化钠,硫化氢或其混合物) 金属化为所述低价态并引起凝胶化,和(4)以足以引起凝胶强度增加的量掺入细碎的固体(例如,硅藻土)。