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1. 发明申请

US20090208389A1 SPINNING TUBE IN TUBE REACTORS AND THEIR METHODS OF OPERATION 有权
标题翻译：管式反应器中的纺丝管及其操作方法
公开(公告)号：US20090208389A1
公开(公告)日：2009-08-20
申请号：US12034533
申请日：2008-02-20
申请人： Richard A. Holl
发明人： Richard A. Holl
IPC分类号： B01J8/10
CPC分类号： B01J19/1843 , B01F7/008 , B01J2219/00189
摘要： A spinning tube in tube reactor has the usual elongated transverse annular cross section reaction passage through which reactants pass to force reaction between them; the passage being between the rotor tube exterior surface and the stator tube interior surface. The radial dimension of the annual passage should be keep as uniform as possible so as not to cause unwanted variations in the reaction. This has proven difficult in prior constructions owing to the small radial dimension (e.g. 50-300 micrometers) and inevitable manufacturing tolerances in the bearings supporting the rotor. In apparatus of the invention the rotor is suspended within the stator passage by a flexible connection between the drive motor shaft and the rotor and uniformity is maintained by the so-called hydrodynamic effect which will become operative in such a narrow passage. Thus, if any part of the rotor surface moves radially from the central position closer to the stator surface the liquid viscosity produces a force that moves the rotor back to the central position. Preferably the flexible connection consists of two serially connected flexible connectors.
摘要翻译：管式反应器中的纺丝管具有通常的细长的横向环形横截面反应通道，反应物通过该反应通道迫使它们之间的反应; 该通道位于转子管外表面和定子管内表面之间。年度通道的径向尺寸应尽可能保持均匀，以免反应产生不必要的变化。由于小的径向尺寸（例如50-300微米）和支撑转子的轴承中的不可避免的制造公差，这在现有结构中已被证明是困难的。在本发明的装置中，转子通过驱动电动机轴和转子之间的柔性连接悬挂在定子通道内，并且通过所谓的流体动力学效应来保持均匀性，这将在这样狭窄的通道中起作用。因此，如果转子表面的任何部分从靠近定子表面的中心位置径向移动，则液体粘度产生使转子回到中心位置的力。优选地，柔性连接由两个串联连接的柔性连接器组成。

2. 发明授权

US07538237B2 Process for high shear gas-liquid reactions 失效
标题翻译：高剪切气液反应方法
公开(公告)号：US07538237B2
公开(公告)日：2009-05-26
申请号：US10857295
申请日：2004-05-28
申请人： Richard A. Holl , Eric A. Gulliver , John L. Cihonski
发明人： Richard A. Holl , Eric A. Gulliver , John L. Cihonski
IPC分类号： C07C51/36 , C07C51/255
CPC分类号： B01F7/12 , B01F7/005 , B01F7/008 , B01F13/0001 , B01F15/00714 , B01F15/00844 , B01F15/00909 , B01F15/06 , B01F2013/1086 , B01F2013/1091 , B01J19/082 , B01J19/10 , B01J19/122 , B01J19/125 , B01J19/126 , B01J19/127 , B01J19/18 , B01J19/1887 , B01J2208/00 , B01J2219/00094 , B01J2219/00141 , B01J2219/00146 , B01J2219/00164 , B01J2219/00166 , B01J2219/00168 , B01J2219/0888 , B01J2219/1227 , B01J2219/182 , B01J2219/1943 , B22F2998/00 , B29B7/401 , B29B7/90 , B29C47/0009 , B29C47/50 , B29K2021/00 , B29K2105/16 , B29K2503/04 , C02F1/30 , C02F1/302 , C02F1/32 , C02F1/36 , C08K3/01 , F28D11/02 , C22C32/0094
摘要： A process for performing a chemical reaction between a plurality of chemical reactants in the presence of a catalyst, with at least a first reactant in a liquid phase and at least a second reactant in a gas phase, the first and second reactants mixing at least by interdiffusion. The process comprises supplying the reactants to a passage defined by a first surface and a second surface and optionally moving at least one of the first surface and second surface relative to each other. The reactants their mixture or reaction products form respective boundary layers against the first and second surfaces and the radial spacing between the first surface and second surface is equal to or less than the back-to-back radial thicknesses of the boundary layers.
摘要翻译：在催化剂存在下，在至少第一反应物和液相中的至少第二反应物之间，在多种化学反应物之间进行化学反应的方法，所述第一和第二反应物至少混合相互扩散该方法包括将反应物供给由第一表面和第二表面限定的通道，并且可选地相对于彼此移动第一表面和第二表面中的至少一个。反应物的混合物或反应产物相对于第一和第二表面形成相应的边界层，并且第一表面和第二表面之间的径向间隔等于或小于边界层的背对背径向厚度。

3. 发明授权

US07534404B2 Methods of operating surface reactors and reactors employing such methods 失效
标题翻译：使用这种方法操作表面反应器和反应器的方法
公开(公告)号：US07534404B2
公开(公告)日：2009-05-19
申请号：US10570180
申请日：2004-09-04
申请人： Richard A. Holl
发明人： Richard A. Holl
IPC分类号： B01J8/08 , B01D47/16 , B01F3/04
CPC分类号： B01F7/008 , B01F5/221 , B01F7/00758 , B01F7/00783 , B01F7/00791 , B01F7/00825 , B01F7/00833 , B01F2215/0427 , B01J10/02 , B01J14/00 , B01J19/1887 , B01J2219/00085
摘要： New methods of operating surface reactors, and such reactors, particularly spinning disk reactors, require that a first reactant is fed to a reactor surface (20) and forms a thin radially outward moving film (60) thereon in a reaction passage (42) formed between the reaction surface (20) and a parallel, closely spaced (less than 1 mm) retaining surface (40). The passage thickness is precisely controllable and the surfaces (20, 40) move relative to one another so that strong shear is applied to the material between them. A second reactant is fed to the surface (20) as a second thin film (65) that as it enters the first film (60), preferably perpendicularly, it is immediately merged therewith along a correspondingly very narrow interaction line (66) by the shear at a rate such as to break up molecular clusters in the films, so that their molecules can aggressively and completely interact by forced interdiffusion. In spinning disk (18) apparatus the first film (60) is fed along the spin axis (14), while subsequent films (65, etc.) are fed at respective distances from the axis (14) such that there is adequate shear for the molecular cluster disruption. Preferably each film (65, etc.) after the first (60) is fed into the reaction passage (42) through a respective thin annular nozzle producing a thin circular film (65) that simultaneously merges with the first film (60) along its entire length.
摘要翻译：操作表面反应器和这种反应器，特别是旋转盘式反应器的新方法要求将第一反应物供入反应器表面（20），并在其上形成薄的径向向外的移动膜（60），形成在反应通道（42）中在反应表面（20）和平行紧密间隔（小于1mm）的保持表面（40）之间。通道厚度是精确可控的，并且表面（20,40）相对于彼此移动，使得强剪切被施加到它们之间的材料。第二反应物作为第二薄膜（65）被馈送到表面（20），第二薄膜（65）当其进入第一薄膜（60）时，优选地垂直于其，沿相应的非常窄的相互作用线（66）立即与其合并以一定的速率剪切，以破坏膜中的分子簇，使得它们的分子可以通过强制相互扩散而积极和完全地相互作用。在旋转盘（18）装置中，第一膜（60）沿着旋转轴线（14）进给，而随后的膜（65等）以相对于轴线（14）的距离进给，使得存在足够的剪切分子簇破坏。优选地，第一（60）之后的每个膜（65等）通过相应的薄环形喷嘴供给到反应通道（42）中，产生薄的圆形膜（65），其同时与第一膜（60）沿其全长。

4. 发明授权

US06752529B2 Methods and apparatus for materials processing 失效
标题翻译：材料加工方法与装置
公开(公告)号：US06752529B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-22
申请号：US10264217
申请日：2002-10-03
申请人： Richard A. Holl
发明人： Richard A. Holl
IPC分类号： B01F712
CPC分类号： F28F13/02 , B01F7/12 , B01F15/00714 , B01F15/00844 , B01F15/00909 , B01F15/06 , B01F2013/1091 , B01J19/10 , B01J19/122 , B01J19/125 , B01J19/126 , B01J19/127 , B01J19/1887 , B01J2219/00094 , B01J2219/0888 , B01J2219/182 , B01J2219/1943 , F28D7/0066 , F28D11/02
摘要： Methods and apparatus for processing materials employ two cylindrical members, one mounted within the other, defining an annular processing chamber. Preferably, the outer member is stationery (stator), while the inner rotates (rotor). The radial spacing between the stator inner surface and the rotor outer surface is equal to or less than the back-to-back radial thicknesses of the two laminar boundary layers formed on the two surfaces by the material being processed. The surfaces are made smooth, as by buffing to a finish of not more than 10 microinches. This structure inhibits formation of Taylor vortices in the processing passage, which cause unstable flow and consequent incomplete mixing. Preferably, the relative velocity between rotor and stator surfaces is at least 1.2 meters per second. The surfaces may be coated with catalysts. Transducers may be provided to apply processing energy, such as microwave, light or ultrasonic waves, through the stator wall.
摘要翻译：用于加工材料的方法和设备采用两个圆柱形构件，一个安装在另一个中，限定环形处理室。优选地，外部构件是文具（定子），而内部旋转（转子）。定子内表面和转子外表面之间的径向间距等于或小于被处理材料在两个表面上形成的两个层状边界层的背对背径向厚度。表面光滑，通过抛光至不超过10微英寸的光洁度。该结构抑制了处理通道中泰勒涡流的形成，这导致不稳定的流动并导致不完全的混合。优选地，转子和定子表面之间的相对速度为至少1.2米/秒。表面可以涂覆有催化剂。可以提供传感器以通过定子壁施加诸如微波，光或超声波的处理能量。

5. 发明授权

US5538191A Methods and apparatus for high-shear material treatment 失效
标题翻译：高剪切材料处理方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5538191A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-23
申请号：US387769
申请日：1995-02-21
申请人： Richard A. Holl
发明人： Richard A. Holl
IPC分类号： B01F3/12 , B01F7/00 , B01F11/02 , B02C7/02 , B02C17/00 , B02C17/16 , B02C19/10 , B02C19/18
CPC分类号： B01F7/00758 , B01F11/0225 , B01F11/0266 , B01F3/1221 , B01F3/1242 , B01F7/00791 , B01F7/008 , B01F7/00833 , B02C17/166 , B02C19/18 , B02C7/02 , B01F2215/0404 , Y10S977/70 , Y10S977/776 , Y10S977/892
摘要： High-shear treated materials are passed through a high-shear treatment zone which allows the coexistence of free supra-Kolmogoroff eddies larger than the smallest possible Kolmogoroff eddy diameter and forced sub-Kolmogoroff eddies smaller than this diameter. This zone includes a subsidiary higher-shear zone for suppressing these free eddies. The passage walls (40, 44, 102, 108) move relative to one another transverse to the flow to force the simultaneous development of supra-Kolmogoroff and sub-Kolmogoroff eddies while maintaining liquid films adherent to the passage surfaces. The movement produces only forced sub-Kolmogoroff eddies in the subsidiary zone while maintaining a non-turbulent flow. Ultrasonic oscillations (52) may be applied to cause elastohydrodynamic pressure and viscosity increases and/or production of smaller sub-Kolmogoroff eddies. One apparatus includes an inner cylinder rotatable (46) inside a hollow outer cylinder (38), another consists of tow circular coaxial plates, and the rotational axis can be vertical or horizontal.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US93 / 07931。 371日期1995年2月21日 102（e）日期1995年2月21日PCT 1993年8月24日PCT公布。第WO94 / 04275号公报日期1994年3月3日高剪切处理的材料通过高剪切处理区域，其允许大于最小可能的Kolmogoroff涡流直径的自由的上Kolmogoroff涡流共存，并且强制的次Kolmogoroff涡流小于该直径。该区域包括用于抑制这些自由涡流的附属高剪切区域。通道壁（40,44,102,108）相对于流动相互相对地移动，以迫使同时发展超Kolmogoroff和次Kolmogoroff涡流，同时保持粘附到通道表面的液膜。该运动仅在辅助区域产生强制的次Kolmogoroff涡流，同时保持非湍流。可以应用超声振荡（52）以引起弹性流体动力学压力和粘度增加和/或产生较小的次Kolmogoroff涡流。一个装置包括在中空外筒（38）内部可旋转的内筒（46），另一个由牵引圆形同轴板组成，并且旋转轴线可以是垂直的或水平的。

6. 发明授权

US5279463A Methods and apparatus for treating materials in liquids 失效
标题翻译：用于处理液体材料的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：US5279463A
公开(公告)日：1994-01-18
申请号：US935277
申请日：1992-08-26
申请人： Richard A. Holl
发明人： Richard A. Holl
IPC分类号： B01F3/12 , B01F7/00 , B01F11/02 , B02C7/02 , B02C17/00 , B02C17/16 , B02C19/10 , B02C19/18
CPC分类号： B01F7/00758 , B01F11/0225 , B01F11/0266 , B01F3/1221 , B01F3/1242 , B01F7/00791 , B01F7/008 , B01F7/00833 , B02C17/166 , B02C19/18 , B02C7/02 , B01F2215/0404 , Y10S977/70 , Y10S977/776 , Y10S977/892
摘要： The method for treating materials in liquids involves passing them with the liquid through a processing gap formed by a flow passage whose walls are closely spaced and move relative to one another transversely to the direction of flow, thereby producing "supra-kolmogoroff" mixing eddies in the gap, and at the same time applying ultrasonic longitudinal pressure oscillations that reverberate between the two closely spaced surfaces into the gap transversely to the direction of flow from transducers mounted on one wall, thereby producing "sub-Kolmogoroff" mixing eddies therein. The method is capable of rapidly producing relatively thick slurries of sub-micrometer particles that otherwise can take several days in conventional high shear mixers and ball or sand mills, or of rapidly dissolving difficultly soluble gases and powders into liquids. One type of apparatus consists of two circular coaxial plates, one stationary while the other is rotated, the opposed faces forming the processing gap being mirror finished; the rotational axis can be vertical or horizontal. Another type consists of an inner cylinder rotatable about a horizontal axis inside a stationary hollow outer cylinder with the facing walls closely spaced at their lowermost parts to form the processing gap. The ultrasonic transducers are mounted on the stationary member. The liquid/material mixture may be recirculated through a single mill or may be passed through a series of mills. The mixture may be pretreated in a high capacity reverbatory ultrasonic mixer before being fed to the mill or series of mills.
摘要翻译：用于处理液体材料的方法包括使液体通过由流动通道形成的处理间隙，其中流动通道的壁紧密间隔开并且横向于流动方向彼此相对移动，由此产生“超离散”混合涡流间隙，并且同时施加超声波纵向压力振荡，其在两个紧密间隔的表面之间混响到横向于从安装在一个壁上的换能器的流动方向的间隙中，从而在其中产生“次Kolmogoroff”混合涡流。该方法能够快速生产相对厚的亚微米颗粒浆料，否则在传统的高剪切混合器和球磨机或砂磨机中可能需要几天时间，或将难溶的气体和粉末快速溶解到液体中。一种类型的装置由两个圆形同轴板组成，一个是静止的，另一个是旋转的，形成加工间隙的相对面是镜面抛光的; 旋转轴可以是垂直或水平的。另一种类型包括可在静止中空外筒内围绕水平轴线旋转的内筒，其中相对的壁在其最下部分紧密间隔开以形成加工间隙。超声换能器安装在固定件上。液体/材料混合物可以通过单个研磨机再循环，或者可以通过一系列的研磨机。混合物可以在高容量的回弹超声波混合器中进行预处理，然后送入研磨机或一系列的研磨机。

7. 发明申请

US20120152508A1 HEAT EXCHANGE APPARATUS 失效
标题翻译：热交换装置
公开(公告)号：US20120152508A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-21
申请号：US12972319
申请日：2010-12-17
申请人： Richard A. Holl
发明人： Richard A. Holl
IPC分类号： F28F1/00
CPC分类号： F28D11/04 , B01F7/008 , B01F15/065 , B01J19/247 , B01J2219/00094 , B01J2219/00189 , B01J2219/00243 , B01J2219/00247 , F28D2021/0022 , F28F13/02 , F28F19/00
摘要： The heat exchange apparatus provides a flow passage for the heat exchange fluid comprising a succession of flow passage chamber portions separated from one another by intervening throttle forming passage portions of smaller cross section, and therefore of smaller flow capacity, transverse to the flow direction, so that the heat exchange fluid moves at a higher velocity in the throttle forming portions than in the chamber portions. The fluid is moved at a rate such that its velocity in the throttle forming portions is high enough to reduce the thickness of the fluid boundary layer on the passage wall and thereby facilitate the heat exchange. Alternatively, or in addition, the velocity is high enough to at least reduce the rate of fouling of the passage wall surface. Alternatively, or in addition, the fluid flows as eddy vortices, the spacing of the chamber portions along the passage being such that wake interference flow is established which enhances the rate of heat exchange. The exchanger is intended principally for use in combination with a spinning tube in tube reactor with a very small annular cross section reaction passage between them, the exchanger also being of tubular form with the stator tube constituting a wall of the heat exchanger.
摘要翻译：热交换装置为热交换流体提供一个流动通道，其包括一系列流动通道腔室部分，这些通道腔室部分通过横截面较小的横截面较小的节流孔形成通路部分相互间隔开，因此流动通道部分横向于流动方向热交换流体在节气门形成部分中比在室部分中以更高的速度移动。流体以使得其在节气门形成部分中的速度足够高以减小通道壁上的流体边界层的厚度从而促进热交换的速率移动。或者或另外，速度足够高以至少降低通道壁表面的结垢速率。或者或另外，流体作为涡流涡流流动，沿着通道的室部分的间隔使得建立了提高热交换速率的尾流干扰流。交换器主要用于与管式反应器中的纺丝管组合使用，其间具有非常小的环形横截面反应通道，交换器也是管状形式，定子管构成热交换器的壁。

8. 发明申请

US20090110600A1 METHODS OF OPERATING FILM SURFACE REACTORS AND REACTORS EMPLOYING SUCH METHODS 审中-公开
标题翻译：使用这种方法的薄膜表面反应器和反应器的操作方法
公开(公告)号：US20090110600A1
公开(公告)日：2009-04-30
申请号：US11929888
申请日：2007-10-30
申请人： Richard A. HOLL
发明人： Richard A. HOLL
IPC分类号： B01J19/00
CPC分类号： B01J19/247 , B01J2219/00123 , B01J2219/00788 , B01J2219/00891 , B01J2219/1944
摘要： In new methods of operating surface reactors, and new reactors employing such methods, the reactor comprises a helical reaction chamber formed as a coil surrounding a tubular support, or a groove machined in a cylindrical body. The passage is supplied with a high velocity flow of air or inert gas constituting a shear transmitting fluid that immediately spreads the reactants, one of which at least must be in liquid state, as they are fed into the chamber against the radially outermost wall of the chamber into a film of thickness not more than 150 micrometers, preferably not more than 120 micrometers, and more preferably less than 100 micrometers. The fluid is supplied at velocities of between 1 and 100 meters per second, preferably between 6 and 20 meters per second. At these speeds and corresponding centrifugal force, molecular clusters, which normally inhibit one on one molecular diffusion reaction between the reactant molecules, are disrupted by the highly sheared fluid to facilitate forced molecular interdiffusion, so that the molecules more aggressively and quickly interact with one another with considerably increased rates of reaction, e.g. 100 to 1,000 times increase. This use of an intermediate shear transmitting fluid traveling at high velocity in a circular path gives flexibility in the radial dimension of the reaction chamber, which can be as large as 10 mm radially and 6 mm longitudinally and provides one open surface of the sheared film of the reagents.
摘要翻译：在操作表面反应器的新方法和采用这种方法的新反应器中，反应器包括形成为围绕管状支撑件的线圈或在圆柱体中加工的凹槽的螺旋反应室。该通道被供应有高速流动的空气或惰性气体，其构成剪切传递流体，其立即扩散反应物，其中至少必须处于液体状态，当反应物进入腔室时，抵抗室形成厚度不超过150微米，优选不超过120微米，更优选小于100微米的膜。流体以1至100米/秒的速度供应，优选在6至20米/秒之间。在这些速度和相应的离心力下，通常抑制反应物分子之间的一个分子扩散反应的分子簇被高度剪切的流体破坏，以促进强制的分子相互扩散，使得分子彼此更积极和快速地相互作用反应速度大大提高，例如增加100〜1000倍。在圆周路径中以高速行进的中间剪切传递流体的这种使用在反应室的径向尺寸上提供了柔性，其可以在径向上大约为10mm，纵向为6mm，并提供剪切薄膜的一个开放表面试剂。

9. 发明授权

US07125527B2 Methods of operating surface reactors and reactors employing such methods 有权
标题翻译：使用这种方法操作表面反应器和反应器的方法
公开(公告)号：US07125527B2
公开(公告)日：2006-10-24
申请号：US10656627
申请日：2003-09-05
申请人： Richard A. Holl
发明人： Richard A. Holl
IPC分类号： B01J8/08 , B01D47/16 , B01F3/04
CPC分类号： B01F7/008 , B01F5/221 , B01F7/00758 , B01F7/00783 , B01F7/00791 , B01F7/00825 , B01F7/00833 , B01F2215/0427 , B01J10/02 , B01J14/00 , B01J19/1887 , B01J2219/00085
摘要： Methods of operating surface reactors, and such reactors, particularly spinning disc reactors require that a first reactant is fed to the reactor surface and forms a thin film on the surface. A second reactant is fed to the surface in the form of a second thin film to interact with the first film so as to overcome the impedance to interaction between the two films imposed by the existence of molecular clusters in the films. Thus, each film is fed into the receiving film at a rate such as to break up the molecular clusters in the film and thereby permit the molecules to aggressively and completely interact with one another. In the spinning disc apparatus the films are fed at respective distances from the spin axis. The interaction takes place in a thin chamber (less than 1 mm) between a retaining surface coextensive with the reactor surface whose distance from one another can be varied continuously, with the components being sheared between the surfaces to break up the molecular clusters to facilitate molecular, forced interdiffusion. Preferably each film is fed into the reaction chamber through a respective annular nozzle producing an improved uniformity of initial and continuous contacting of the reactants followed by an increase in forced interdiffusion of reactant molecules.
摘要翻译：操作表面反应器和这种反应器，特别是旋转盘式反应器的方法要求将第一反应物进料到反应器表面并在表面上形成薄膜。将第二反应物以第二薄膜的形式供给到表面以与第一膜相互作用，以克服由膜中分子簇的存在施加的两个膜之间的相互作用的阻抗。因此，每个膜以一定的速率进入接收膜，以破坏膜中的分子簇，从而允许分子彼此积极和完全地相互作用。在旋转圆盘装置中，薄膜以相对于旋转轴线的距离进给。相互作用发生在与反应器表面共同延伸的保持表面之间的薄室（小于1mm）中，其彼此的距离可以连续变化，其中组分在表面之间剪切以分解分子簇以促进分子，强制相互扩散。优选地，每个膜通过相应的环形喷嘴进料到反应室中，产生反应物的初始和连续接触的改进的均匀性，随后反应物分子的强制相互扩散增加。

10. 发明授权

US06938687B2 Apparatus for transfer of heat energy between a body surface and heat transfer fluid 失效
标题翻译：用于在身体表面和传热流体之间传递热能的装置
公开(公告)号：US06938687B2
公开(公告)日：2005-09-06
申请号：US10678240
申请日：2003-10-03
申请人： Richard A. Holl
发明人： Richard A. Holl
IPC分类号： B01F7/00 , B01F15/06 , B01J19/00 , B01J19/18 , F28D11/02 , F28D7/10
CPC分类号： B01F15/068 , B01F7/008 , B01J19/0013 , B01J19/1812 , B01J2219/00085 , B01J2219/182 , B01J2219/1943 , F28D11/02
摘要： In apparatus for heat exchange to and from a body surface using a heat transfer liquid a heat exchanger comprises a plurality of elements within a casing connected axially against one another with spacer tube elements. Each element has its periphery spaced from the body surface to provide a flow gap for heat transfer fluid in heat exchange contact with the surface. The element have plenums separating each from one another forming connecting flow spaces for the heat transfer liquid between the heat transfer flow gap and inlet and outlet passages passing through the body. A preferred apparatus is a cylindrical rotor within a cylindrical stator with an annular processing space between them, the rotor containing a stack of heat exchange elements of the respective shape permitting high heat flux rates and uniform temperature distribution over the total rotor heat transfer surface.
摘要翻译：在使用传热液体与身体表面热交换的装置中，热交换器包括多个元件，所述多个元件在壳体内彼此轴向连接并具有间隔管元件。每个元件的周边与主体表面间隔开，以提供与表面热交换接触的传热流体的流动间隙。元件具有彼此分离的增压室，其在传热流动间隙与通过本体的入口和出口通道之间形成用于传热液体的连接流动空间。优选的装置是圆柱形定子内的圆柱形转子，在它们之间具有环形处理空间，转子包含一组各自形状的热交换元件，允许在整个转子传热表面上具有高的热通量速率和均匀的温度分布。

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