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    • 3. 发明授权
    • Multi-state memory and multi-functional devices comprising magnetoplastic or magnetoelastic materials
    • 多状态存储器和包括磁阻或磁弹性材料的多功能器件
    • US08233314B2
    • 2012-07-31
    • US12773831
    • 2010-05-04
    • Peter MullnerWilliam B Knowlton
    • Peter MullnerWilliam B Knowlton
    • G11C11/00
    • H01L41/12G11C11/14G11C11/5607H01L41/20Y10T29/49764
    • Apparatus and methods are disclosed that enable writing data on, and reading data of, multi-state elements having greater than two states. The elements may be made of magnetoplastic and/or magnetoelastic materials, including, for example, magnetic shape-memory alloy or other materials that couple magnetic and crystallographic states. The writing process is preferably conducted through the application of a magnetic field and/or a mechanical action. The reading process is preferably conducted through atomic-force microscopy, magnetic-force microscopy, spin-polarized electrons, magneto-optical Kerr effect, optical interferometry or other methods, or other methods/effects. The multifunctionality (crystallographic, magnetic, and shape states each representing a functionality) of the multi-state elements allows for simultaneous operations including read&write, sense&indicate, and sense&control. Embodiments of the invention may be used, for example, for storing, modifying, and accessing data for device, sensor, actuator, logic and memory applications. Embodiments may be particularly effective for non-volatile memory or other read&write, sense&indicate, and/or sense&control functions in computer or other applications; such simultaneous operation of two (or more) of said multiple functionalities open new pathways for miniaturization of devices.
    • 公开了能够对具有大于两个状态的多状态元件进行数据写入和读取数据的装置和方法。 元件可以由磁性和/或磁弹性材料制成,包括例如磁性形状记忆合金或耦合磁性和晶体状态的其它材料。 写入过程优选通过施加磁场和/或机械动作来进行。 读取过程优选通过原子力显微镜,磁力显微镜,自旋极化电子,磁光克尔效应,光学干涉测量或其他方法或其它方法/效果进行。 多状态元件的多功能(每个表示功能的结晶学,磁学和形状状态)允许包括读取和写入,感测和指示以及感测和控制的同时操作。 本发明的实施例可以用于例如用于存储,修改和访问设备,传感器,致动器,逻辑和存储器应用的数据。 实施例对于非易失性存储器或计算机或其它应用中的其它读/写,感测和指示和/或感测和控制功能可能是特别有效的; 两个(或多个)所述多个功能的这种同时操作打开用于设备小型化的新途径。
    • 4. 发明申请
    • MULTI-STATE MEMORY AND MULTI-FUNCTIONAL DEVICES COMPRISING MAGNETOPLASTIC OR MAGNETOELASTIC MATERIALS
    • 多状态存储器和包含磁性或磁性材料的多功能器件
    • US20110110139A1
    • 2011-05-12
    • US12773831
    • 2010-05-04
    • PETER MULLNERWILLIAM B. KNOWLTON
    • PETER MULLNERWILLIAM B. KNOWLTON
    • G11C11/00B23Q17/00
    • H01L41/12G11C11/14G11C11/5607H01L41/20Y10T29/49764
    • Apparatus and methods are disclosed that enable writing data on, and reading data of, multi-state elements having greater than two states. The elements may be made of magnetoplastic and/or magnetoelastic materials, including, for example, magnetic shape-memory alloy or other materials that couple magnetic and crystallographic states. The writing process is preferably conducted through the application of a magnetic field and/or a mechanical action. The reading process is preferably conducted through atomic-force microscopy, magnetic-force microscopy, spin-polarized electrons, magneto-optical Kerr effect, optical interferometry or other methods, or other methods/effects. The multifunctionality (crystallographic, magnetic, and shape states each representing a functionality) of the multi-state elements allows for simultaneous operations including read&write, sense&indicate, and sense&control. Embodiments of the invention may be used, for example, for storing, modifying, and accessing data for device, sensor, actuator, logic and memory applications. Embodiments may be particularly effective for non-volatile memory or other read&write, sense&indicate, and/or sense&control functions in computer or other applications; such simultaneous operation of two (or more) of said multiple functionalities open new pathways for miniaturization of devices.
    • 公开了能够对具有大于两个状态的多状态元件进行数据写入和读取数据的装置和方法。 元件可以由磁性和/或磁弹性材料制成,包括例如磁性形状记忆合金或耦合磁性和晶体状态的其它材料。 写入过程优选通过施加磁场和/或机械动作来进行。 读取过程优选通过原子力显微镜,磁力显微镜,自旋极化电子,磁光克尔效应,光学干涉测量或其他方法或其它方法/效果进行。 多状态元件的多功能(每个表示功能的结晶学,磁学和形状状态)允许包括读取和写入,感测和指示以及感测和控制的同时操作。 本发明的实施例可以用于例如用于存储,修改和访问设备,传感器,致动器,逻辑和存储器应用的数据。 实施例对于非易失性存储器或计算机或其它应用中的其它读/写,感测和指示和/或感测和控制功能可能是特别有效的; 两个(或多个)所述多个功能的这种同时操作打开用于设备小型化的新途径。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Multi-state memory and multi-functional devices comprising magnetoplastic or magnetoelastic materials
    • 多状态存储器和包括磁阻或磁弹性材料的多功能器件
    • US07710766B2
    • 2010-05-04
    • US11940316
    • 2007-11-14
    • Peter MullnerWilliam B. Knowlton
    • Peter MullnerWilliam B. Knowlton
    • G11C11/00
    • H01L41/12G11C11/14G11C11/5607H01L41/20Y10T29/49764
    • Apparatus and methods are disclosed that enable writing data on, and reading data of, multi-state elements having greater than two states. The elements may be made of magnetoplastic and/or magnetoelastic materials, including, for example, magnetic shape-memory alloy or other materials that couple magnetic and crystallographic states. The writing process is preferably conducted through the application of a magnetic field and/or a mechanical action. The reading process is preferably conducted through atomic-force microscopy, magnetic-force microscopy, spin-polarized electrons, magneto-optical Kerr effect, optical interferometry or other methods, or other methods/effects. The multifunctionality (crystallographic, magnetic, and shape states each representing a functionality) of the multi-state elements allows for simultaneous operations including read&write, sense&indicate, and sense&control. Embodiments of the invention may be used, for example, for storing, modifying, and accessing data for device, sensor, actuator, logic and memory applications. Embodiments may be particularly effective for non-volatile memory or other read&write, sense&indicate, and/or sense&control functions in computer or other applications; such simultaneous operation of two (or more) of said multiple functionalities open new pathways for miniaturization of devices.
    • 公开了能够对具有大于两个状态的多状态元件进行数据写入和读取数据的装置和方法。 元件可以由磁性和/或磁弹性材料制成,包括例如磁性形状记忆合金或耦合磁性和晶体状态的其它材料。 写入过程优选通过施加磁场和/或机械动作来进行。 读取过程优选通过原子力显微镜,磁力显微镜,自旋极化电子,磁光克尔效应,光学干涉测量或其他方法或其它方法/效果进行。 多状态元件的多功能(每个表示功能的结晶学,磁学和形状状态)允许包括读取和写入,感测和指示以及感测和控制的同时操作。 本发明的实施例可以用于例如用于存储,修改和访问设备,传感器,致动器,逻辑和存储器应用的数据。 实施例对于非易失性存储器或计算机或其它应用中的其它读/写,感测和指示和/或感测和控制功能可能是特别有效的; 两个(或多个)所述多个功能的这种同时操作打开用于设备小型化的新途径。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Actuation method and apparatus, micropump, and PCR enhancement method
    • 激活方法和装置,微型泵和PCR增强方法
    • US09091251B1
    • 2015-07-28
    • US13550386
    • 2012-07-16
    • Kari UllakkoPeter MullnerGreg HampikianAaron Smith
    • Kari UllakkoPeter MullnerGreg HampikianAaron Smith
    • G01N21/75F03G7/06F04B17/00
    • F03G7/065F03G7/005F04B19/006G01N21/75
    • An actuation apparatus includes at least one magnetic shape memory (MSM) element containing a material configured to expand and/or contract in response to exposure to a magnetic field. Among other things, the MSM element may be configured to pump fluid through a micropump by expanding and/or contracting in response to the magnetic field. The magnetic field may rotate about an axis of rotation and exhibit a distribution having a component substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation. Further, the magnetic field distribution may include at least two components substantially orthogonal to one another lying in one or more planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation. The at least one MSM element may contain nickel, manganese, and gallium. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) may be enhanced by contacting a PCR reagent and DNA material with the MSM element.
    • 致动装置包括至少一个磁形状存储器(MSM)元件,其包含被配置为响应于暴露于磁场而膨胀和/或收缩的材料。 除此之外,MSM元件可以被配置成通过响应于磁场的膨胀和/或收缩来泵送流体通过微型泵。 磁场可以围绕旋转轴线旋转并且具有基本上垂直于旋转轴线的分量的分布。 此外,磁场分布可以包括在垂直于旋转轴线的一个或多个平面中彼此基本上正交的至少两个分量。 至少一个MSM元件可以包含镍,锰和镓。 聚合酶链反应(PCR)可以通过使PCR试剂和DNA材料与MSM元件接触来增强。
    • 8. 发明申请
    • MAGNETOMECHANICAL TRANSDUCER, AND APPARATUS AND METHODS FOR HARVESTING ENERGY
    • 磁力传感器,以及收集能量的装置和方法
    • US20080143195A1
    • 2008-06-19
    • US11875732
    • 2007-10-19
    • GREG HAMPIKIANPETER MULLNER
    • GREG HAMPIKIANPETER MULLNER
    • H02N2/18H01L41/12H01L41/20
    • H01L41/12
    • A magnetomechanical transducer, and apparatus and methods using said magnetomechanical transducer, extract electrical power from any motion, including random motion, cyclic, and vibrational motion. The motion is transferred to linear motion through a mechanical connecting device to the magnetomechanical coupler, which comprises a magnetoplastic and/or magnetoelastic material that transduces the linear motion into a change of magnetic field, via twin boundary deformation. A bias magnetic field assures a net change of magnetization during said deformation. A further transducer, e.g. a coil or a Hall element, couples the magnetic field change to an electrical output. A restoring field or device, for example the bias magnetic field or a device that produces strain in a reverse direction, resets the magnetomechanical transducer to its initial state. The magnetomechanical transducer may be provided in microgenerators that capture kinetic energy and convert it to electrical power. Such microgenerators may be connected in series or parallel, may be combined with solar cells, and may be used to capture energy from passive motion such as walking, and naturally-occurring random, cyclic or vibrations motion such as that produced by wind or waves acting upon objects. The random, cyclic, or vibrational motion of any object may be transmitted to the magnetoplastic transducer through a mechanical connector.
    • 磁力机械换能器,以及使用所述磁力机械换能器的装置和方法,从任何运动中提取电力,包括随机运动,循环和振动运动。 该运动通过机械连接装置转移到磁力机械耦合器的线性运动,该磁力机械耦合器包括通过双边界变形将线性运动转换成磁场变化的磁阻和/或磁弹性材料。 偏置磁场确保在所述变形期间磁化的净变化。 另外的换能器,例如 线圈或霍尔元件将磁场变化耦合到电输出。 恢复场或器件,例如偏置磁场或在相反方向产生应变的器件,将磁力机械换能器复位到其初始状态。 磁力机械传感器可以设置在微型发电机中,其捕获动能并将其转换成电力。 这种微型发电机可以串联或并联连接,可以与太阳能电池组合,并且可以用于从被动运动(例如步行)以及天然存在的随机,循环或振动运动(例如由风或波作用产生的)中捕获能量 对象。 任何物体的随机,循环或振动运动可以通过机械连接器传输到磁性传感器。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • Device with magnetoplastic and/or magnetoelastic thin-film transducer and pick-up coil for harvesting energy
    • 具有磁性和/或磁弹性薄膜换能器和拾取线圈的装置,用于收集能量
    • US08008816B2
    • 2011-08-30
    • US11875732
    • 2007-10-19
    • Greg HampikianPeter Mullner
    • Greg HampikianPeter Mullner
    • H01L41/00H02N2/00
    • H01L41/12
    • A magnetoplastic and/or magnetoelastic material transduces linear motion, delivered to it by a mechanical connection, into a change of magnetic field, via twin boundary deformation. A bias magnetic field assures a net change of magnetization during the deformation, and a coil, coaxial with the magnetoplastic/elastic material, couples the magnetic field change to an electrical output. The bias magnetic field or a device that produces strain in a reverse direction resets the magnetomechanical transducer to its initial state. Microgenerators using the magnetoplastic/elastic material may be connected in series or parallel, combined with solar cells, and used to capture energy from passive motion such as random, cyclic or vibrational motion.
    • 通过双边界变形,磁阻和/或磁弹性材料通过机械连接将线性运动转换成磁场的变化。 偏置磁场确保变形期间磁化的净变化,并且与磁/弹性材料同轴的线圈将磁场变化耦合到电输出。 偏置磁场或在相反方向产生应变的器件将磁力机械换能器复位到其初始状态。 使用磁性/弹性材料的微发电机可以与太阳能电池串联或并联连接,并用于从诸如随机,循环或振动运动的被动运动中捕获能量。