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1. 发明授权

US08070851B2 Chloride heap leaching 有权
标题翻译：氯化物堆浸
公开(公告)号：US08070851B2
公开(公告)日：2011-12-06
申请号：US12266028
申请日：2008-11-06
申请人： Elmar L. Muller , Petrus Basson , Michael J. Nicol
发明人： Elmar L. Muller , Petrus Basson , Michael J. Nicol
IPC分类号： C22B3/00 , C22B3/04 , C22B3/06 , C22B3/08 , C22B3/10 , C22B15/00
CPC分类号： C22B3/045 , C22B3/06 , C22B15/0069 , C22B15/0071 , C22B15/0095 , Y02P10/234 , Y02P10/236
摘要： A heap leaching method to recover copper from a primary copper sulphide mineral wherein the mineral is leached in an acidic chloride/sulphate solution in the presence of oxygen with the surface potential of the mineral below 600 mV (vs. SHE) to cause dissolution of the copper sulphide.
摘要翻译：一种从一次硫化铜矿物中回收铜的堆浸方法，其中矿物质在氧气存在下在酸性氯化物/硫酸盐溶液中浸出，矿物表面电位低于600mV（相对于SHE），引起溶解硫化铜

2. 发明申请

US20090173188A1 Chloride Heap Leaching 有权
标题翻译：氯化物堆浸出
公开(公告)号：US20090173188A1
公开(公告)日：2009-07-09
申请号：US12266028
申请日：2008-11-06
申请人： Elmar L. Muller , Petrus Basson , Michael J. Nicol
发明人： Elmar L. Muller , Petrus Basson , Michael J. Nicol
IPC分类号： C22B15/00
CPC分类号： C22B3/045 , C22B3/06 , C22B15/0069 , C22B15/0071 , C22B15/0095 , Y02P10/234 , Y02P10/236
摘要： A heap leaching method to recover copper from a primary copper sulphide mineral wherein the mineral is leached in an acidic chloride/sulphate solution in the presence of oxygen with the surface potential of the mineral below 600 mV (vs. SHE) to cause dissolution of the copper sulphide.
摘要翻译：一种从一次硫化铜矿物中回收铜的堆浸方法，其中矿物质在氧气存在下在酸性氯化物/硫酸盐溶液中浸出，矿物表面电位低于600mV（相对于SHE），引起溶解硫化铜

3. 发明授权

US5299068A Gaseous laser power limiter initiated by nuclear radiation 失效
标题翻译：气体激光功率限制器由核辐射发起
公开(公告)号：US5299068A
公开(公告)日：1994-03-29
申请号：US511161
申请日：1990-04-19
申请人： David B. Cohn , Michael J. Nicol , Mitchell B. Haeri
发明人： David B. Cohn , Michael J. Nicol , Mitchell B. Haeri
IPC分类号： H01S3/00 , G02F1/36 , G02B5/23
CPC分类号： H01S3/0064
摘要： A laser protection device employing a gas plasma switch wherein applied laser radiation is focused inside a gas chamber, and a nuclear source is employed to pre-ionize the gas volume, whereupon focused laser radiation causes gas breakdown and plasma formation that attenuates the radiation. Specifically, the invention reduces the threshold of plasma switch initiation by incorporating a nuclear source within the gas chamber that constantly injects plasma forming seed particles into the vicinity of a focused laser beam. The plasma resulting from avalanche ionization of the seed particles reflects, absorbs and deflects the laser radiation. The nuclear source introduces charged particles, excimers and metastable atoms with low ionization potential into the gas chamber. Such charged particles are effective plasma initiators because they have low ionization thresholds. The present invention has been found well suited to protect against pulsed laser sources because of fast rise times and high attenuation levels. The present invention has negligible insertion loss, fast rise time on order of 5 nsec, passive operation requiring no input power using laser initiated plasma, it operates in stand-by and is ready for operation at all times, and provides broadband protection for all wavelengths greater than about 1 .mu.m.
摘要翻译：使用气体等离子体开关的激光保护装置，其中施加的激光辐射聚焦在气体室内，并且使用核源来预先电离气体体积，由此聚焦的激光辐射导致气体分解和等离子体形成，其衰减辐射。具体地说，本发明通过将气源室内的核源不断地注入等离子体形成种子颗粒到聚焦激光束附近来降低等离子体开关起始阈值。由种子颗粒的雪崩电离产生的等离子体反射，吸收和偏转激光辐射。核源将具有低电离电位的带电粒子，激发子和亚稳原子引入气室。这种带电粒子是有效的等离子体引发剂，因为它们具有低电离阈值。已经发现本发明非常适合于防止脉冲激光源，因为快速上升时间和高衰减水平。本发明具有可忽略的插入损耗，5ns的快速上升时间，使用激光发射等离子体的无源输入功率的无源操作，它在待机状态下工作，随时准备运行，并为所有波长提供宽带保护大于约1（我）m。

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