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1. 发明授权

US08565918B2 Torque control of underactuated tendon-driven robotic fingers 有权
标题翻译：欠肌腱驱动机器人手指的扭矩控制
公开(公告)号：US08565918B2
公开(公告)日：2013-10-22
申请号：US12720727
申请日：2010-03-10
申请人： Muhammad E. Abdallah , Chris A. Ihrke , Matthew J. Reiland , Charles W. Wampler, II , Myron A. Diftler , Robert Platt , Lyndon Bridgwater
发明人： Muhammad E. Abdallah , Chris A. Ihrke , Matthew J. Reiland , Charles W. Wampler, II , Myron A. Diftler , Robert Platt , Lyndon Bridgwater
IPC分类号： G06F19/00
CPC分类号： H01R13/17 , H01R13/052
摘要： A robotic system includes a robot having a total number of degrees of freedom (DOF) equal to at least n, an underactuated tendon-driven finger driven by n tendons and n DOF, the finger having at least two joints, being characterized by an asymmetrical joint radius in one embodiment. A controller is in communication with the robot, and controls actuation of the tendon-driven finger using force control. Operating the finger with force control on the tendons, rather than position control, eliminates the unconstrained slack-space that would have otherwise existed. The controller may utilize the asymmetrical joint radii to independently command joint torques. A method of controlling the finger includes commanding either independent or parameterized joint torques to the controller to actuate the fingers via force control on the tendons.
摘要翻译：机器人系统包括具有等于至少n的总自由度（DOF）等于至少n的机器人，由n个腱和n个DOF驱动的欠驱动的腱驱动的手指，所述手指具有至少两个关节，其特征在于不对称的一个实施例中的接头半径。控制器与机器人通信，并且使用力控制来控制腱驱动的手指的致动。通过对肌腱的力控制操作手指，而不是位置控制，消除了否则存在的无约束的松弛空间。控制器可以利用非对称关节半径来独立地命令关节扭矩。控制手指的方法包括将独立或参数化的关节扭矩指令给控制器以通过对肌腱上的力控制来致动手指。

2. 发明授权

US08483877B2 Workspace safe operation of a force- or impedance-controlled robot 有权
标题翻译：强制或阻抗控制机器人的工作区安全操作
公开(公告)号：US08483877B2
公开(公告)日：2013-07-09
申请号：US12875254
申请日：2010-09-03
申请人： Muhammad E. Abdallah , Brian Hargrave , John D. Yamokoski , Philip A. Strawser
发明人： Muhammad E. Abdallah , Brian Hargrave , John D. Yamokoski , Philip A. Strawser
IPC分类号： G05B19/18 , G05B15/00 , G05B19/00
CPC分类号： B25J9/1633 , G05B2219/39505
摘要： A method of controlling a robotic manipulator of a force- or impedance-controlled robot within an unstructured workspace includes imposing a saturation limit on a static force applied by the manipulator to its surrounding environment, and may include determining a contact force between the manipulator and an object in the unstructured workspace, and executing a dynamic reflex when the contact force exceeds a threshold to thereby alleviate an inertial impulse not addressed by the saturation limited static force. The method may include calculating a required reflex torque to be imparted by a joint actuator to a robotic joint. A robotic system includes a robotic manipulator having an unstructured workspace and a controller that is electrically connected to the manipulator, and which controls the manipulator using force- or impedance-based commands. The controller, which is also disclosed herein, automatically imposes the saturation limit and may execute the dynamic reflex noted above.
摘要翻译：控制非结构化工作区内的力或阻抗控制的机器人的机器人操纵器的方法包括对由机械手施加到其周围环境的静力施加饱和极限，并且可以包括确定操纵器和操纵器之间的接触力对象在非结构化工作空间中，并且当接触力超过阈值时执行动态反射，从而减轻饱和受限静态力未解决的惯性冲击。该方法可以包括计算由关节致动器赋予机器人接头所需的反射扭矩。机器人系统包括具有非结构化工作空间的机器人操纵器和电连接到操纵器的控制器，并且其使用基于力或基于阻抗的命令来控制操纵器。这里也公开的控制器自动施加饱和极限并且可以执行上述动态反射。

3. 发明授权

US08260460B2 Interactive robot control system and method of use 有权
标题翻译：交互式机器人控制系统及其使用方法
公开(公告)号：US08260460B2
公开(公告)日：2012-09-04
申请号：US12564096
申请日：2009-09-22
申请人： Adam M. Sanders , Matthew J. Reiland , Muhammad E. Abdallah , Douglas Martin Linn , Robert Platt
发明人： Adam M. Sanders , Matthew J. Reiland , Muhammad E. Abdallah , Douglas Martin Linn , Robert Platt
IPC分类号： G06F19/00 , G05B19/04
CPC分类号： B25J9/1661 , G05B2219/36056 , G05B2219/36425 , G05B2219/39376 , G05B2219/40099
摘要： A robotic system includes a robot having joints, actuators, and sensors, and a distributed controller. The controller includes command-level controller, embedded joint-level controllers each controlling a respective joint, and a joint coordination-level controller coordinating motion of the joints. A central data library (CDL) centralizes all control and feedback data, and a user interface displays a status of each joint, actuator, and sensor using the CDL. A parameterized action sequence has a hierarchy of linked events, and allows the control data to be modified in real time. A method of controlling the robot includes transmitting control data through the various levels of the controller, routing all control and feedback data to the CDL, and displaying status and operation of the robot using the CDL. The parameterized action sequences are generated for execution by the robot, and a hierarchy of linked events is created within the sequence.
摘要翻译：机器人系统包括具有接头，致动器和传感器的机器人以及分布式控制器。控制器包括命令级控制器，每个控制各自关节的嵌入式联合级控制器，以及联合协调级控制器协调关节的运动。中央数据库（CDL）集中所有控制和反馈数据，用户界面使用CDL显示每个关节，执行器和传感器的状态。参数化动作序列具有链接事件的层次结构，并允许实时修改控制数据。控制机器人的方法包括通过控制器的各个级别发送控制数据，将所有控制和反馈数据路由到CDL，以及使用CDL显示机器人的状态和操作。生成参数化动作序列以供机器人执行，并且在序列内创建链接事件的层次结构。

4. 发明授权

US08060250B2 Joint-space impedance control for tendon-driven manipulators 有权
标题翻译：腱驱动机械手的联合空间阻抗控制
公开(公告)号：US08060250B2
公开(公告)日：2011-11-15
申请号：US12335153
申请日：2008-12-15
申请人： Matthew J. Reiland , Robert Platt , Charles W. Wampler, II , Muhammad E. Abdallah , Brian Hargrave
发明人： Matthew J. Reiland , Robert Platt , Charles W. Wampler, II , Muhammad E. Abdallah , Brian Hargrave
IPC分类号： G06F19/00
CPC分类号： B25J9/1633 , G05B2219/39457
摘要： A system and method for controlling tendon-driven manipulators that provide a closed-loop control of joint torques or joint impedances without inducing dynamic coupling between joints. The method includes calculating tendon reference positions or motor commands by projecting a torque error into tendon position space using a single linear operation. The method calculates this torque error using sensed tendon tensions and a reference torque and internal tension. The method can be used to control joint impedance by calculating the reference torque based on a joint position error. The method limits minimum and maximum tendon tensions by projecting the torque error into the tendon tension space and then projecting ii back into joint space.
摘要翻译：用于控制腱驱动的操纵器的系统和方法，其提供关节扭矩或关节阻抗的闭环控制，而不引起关节之间的动态联接。该方法包括通过使用单个线性运算将扭矩误差投影到腱位置空间来计算腱参考位置或电动机命令。该方法使用感测到的腱张力和参考扭矩和内部张力来计算该扭矩误差。该方法可用于通过基于关节位置误差计算参考扭矩来控制关节阻抗。该方法通过将扭矩误差投影到腱张力空间中，然后将ii投射到关节空间中来限制最小和最大肌腱张力。

5. 发明授权

US08056423B2 Sensing the tendon tension through the conduit reaction forces 有权
标题翻译：通过导管反作用力感测肌腱张力
公开(公告)号：US08056423B2
公开(公告)日：2011-11-15
申请号：US12269552
申请日：2008-11-12
申请人： Muhammad E. Abdallah , Lyndon Bridgwater , Myron A. Diftler , Douglas Martin Linn , Charles W. Wampler, II , Robert Platt
发明人： Muhammad E. Abdallah , Lyndon Bridgwater , Myron A. Diftler , Douglas Martin Linn , Charles W. Wampler, II , Robert Platt
IPC分类号： G01N3/08
CPC分类号： B25J15/0009 , B25J9/1045 , G01L1/2218 , G01L5/226
摘要： A technique that determines the tension in a tendon using a conduit reaction force applied to an end of a conduit through which the tendon is threaded. Any suitable tendon tension sensor can be employed that uses the conduit reaction force for this purpose. In one non-limiting embodiment, the tendon tension sensor includes a cylindrical strain gauge element and a force member mounted to an end of the conduit. The force member includes a cylindrical portion having a bore and a plate portion, where the cylindrical portion is inserted into a bore in the strain gauge element. The tendon is threaded through the strain gauge element and the force member. A strain gauge is mounted to the strain gauge element and measures the reaction force when tension on the tendon causes the strain gauge element to be pushed against the force member.
摘要翻译：使用施加到导管的端部的导管反作用力来确定腱中的张力的技术，腱穿过该导管。可以使用任何合适的腱张力传感器，其用于该目的的导管反作用力。在一个非限制性实施例中，腱张力传感器包括圆柱形应变计元件和安装到导管端部的力部件。力构件包括具有孔和圆柱形部分的圆柱形部分，其中圆柱形部分插入到应变计元件中的孔中。腱穿过应变计元件和力部件。应变计安装到应变计元件上，并且当肌腱上的张力导致应变计元件被推靠在力构件上时，测量反作用力。

6. 发明申请

US20110190934A1 ARCHITECTURE FOR ROBUST FORCE AND IMPEDANCE CONTROL OF SERIES ELASTIC ACTUATORS 有权
标题翻译：系列弹性执行机构的强制力和阻力控制结构
公开(公告)号：US20110190934A1
公开(公告)日：2011-08-04
申请号：US12698832
申请日：2010-02-02
申请人： Matthew J. Reiland , Brian Hargrave , Robert Platt , Muhammad E. Abdallah , Frank Noble Permenter
发明人： Matthew J. Reiland , Brian Hargrave , Robert Platt , Muhammad E. Abdallah , Frank Noble Permenter
IPC分类号： G05B15/00
CPC分类号： G05B15/00 , B25J9/1641 , G05B2219/39186
摘要： An SEA architecture for controlling the torque applied by an SEA that has particular application for controlling the position of a robot link. The SEA architecture includes a motor coupled to one end of an elastic spring and a load coupled to an opposite end of the elastic spring, where the motor drives the load through the spring. The orientation of the shaft of the motor and the load are measured by position sensors. Position signals from the position sensors are sent to an embedded processor that determines the orientation of the load relative to the motor shaft to determine the torque on the spring. The embedded processor receives reference torque signals from a remote controller, and the embedded processor operates a high-speed servo loop about the desired joint torque. The remote controller determines the desired joint torque based on higher order objectives by their impedance or positioning objectives.
摘要翻译：用于控制由SEA施加的扭矩的SEA架构，其具有用于控制机器人连杆的位置的特定应用。 SEA架构包括耦合到弹性弹簧的一端的电动机和耦合到弹性弹簧的相对端的负载，其中电动机通过弹簧驱动负载。电机轴和负载的方向由位置传感器测量。来自位置传感器的位置信号被发送到嵌入式处理器，其确定负载相对于电动机轴的取向以确定弹簧上的扭矩。嵌入式处理器从遥控器接收参考扭矩信号，并且嵌入式处理器围绕期望的关节扭矩操作高速伺服回路。遥控器通过其阻抗或定位目标基于更高阶的目标确定期望的关节扭矩。

7. 发明申请

US20110071676A1 INTERACTIVE ROBOT CONTROL SYSTEM AND METHOD OF USE 有权
标题翻译：交互式机器人控制系统及其使用方法
公开(公告)号：US20110071676A1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-24
申请号：US12564096
申请日：2009-09-22
申请人： Adam M. Sanders , Matthew J. Reiland , Muhammad E. Abdallah , Douglas Martin Linn , Robert Platt
发明人： Adam M. Sanders , Matthew J. Reiland , Muhammad E. Abdallah , Douglas Martin Linn , Robert Platt
IPC分类号： G05B19/04
CPC分类号： B25J9/1661 , G05B2219/36056 , G05B2219/36425 , G05B2219/39376 , G05B2219/40099
摘要： A robotic system includes a robot having joints, actuators, and sensors, and a distributed controller. The controller includes command-level controller, embedded joint-level controllers each controlling a respective joint, and a joint coordination-level controller coordinating motion of the joints. A central data library (CDL) centralizes all control and feedback data, and a user interface displays a status of each joint, actuator, and sensor using the CDL. A parameterized action sequence has a hierarchy of linked events, and allows the control data to be modified in real time. A method of controlling the robot includes transmitting control data through the various levels of the controller, routing all control and feedback data to the CDL, and displaying status and operation of the robot using the CDL. The parameterized action sequences are generated for execution by the robot, and a hierarchy of linked events is created within the sequence.
摘要翻译：机器人系统包括具有接头，致动器和传感器的机器人以及分布式控制器。控制器包括命令级控制器，每个控制各自关节的嵌入式联合级控制器，以及联合协调级控制器协调关节的运动。中央数据库（CDL）集中所有控制和反馈数据，用户界面使用CDL显示每个关节，执行器和传感器的状态。参数化动作序列具有链接事件的层次结构，并允许实时修改控制数据。控制机器人的方法包括通过控制器的各个级别发送控制数据，将所有控制和反馈数据路由到CDL，以及使用CDL显示机器人的状态和操作。生成参数化动作序列以供机器人执行，并且在序列内创建链接事件的层次结构。

8. 发明申请

US20110067521A1 HUMANOID ROBOT 有权
标题翻译：人类机器人
公开(公告)号：US20110067521A1
公开(公告)日：2011-03-24
申请号：US12564084
申请日：2009-09-22
申请人： Douglas Martin Linn , Robert O. Ambrose , Myron A. Diftler , Scott R. Askew , Robert Platt , Joshua S. Mehling , Nicolaus A. Radford , Philip A. Strawser , Lyndon Bridgwater , Charles W. Wampler, II , Muhammad E. Abdallah , Chris A. Ihrke , Matthew J. Reiland , Adam M. Sanders , David M. Reich , Brian Hargrave , Adam H. Parsons , Frank Noble Permenter , Donald R. Davis
发明人： Douglas Martin Linn , Robert O. Ambrose , Myron A. Diftler , Scott R. Askew , Robert Platt , Joshua S. Mehling , Nicolaus A. Radford , Philip A. Strawser , Lyndon Bridgwater , Charles W. Wampler, II , Muhammad E. Abdallah , Chris A. Ihrke , Matthew J. Reiland , Adam M. Sanders , David M. Reich , Brian Hargrave , Adam H. Parsons , Frank Noble Permenter , Donald R. Davis
IPC分类号： B25J17/02 , B25J18/00 , B25J17/00
CPC分类号： B25J18/00 , B25J15/0009 , Y10T74/20305 , Y10T74/20329 , Y10T74/20335
摘要： A humanoid robot includes a torso, a pair of arms, two hands, a neck, and a head. The torso extends along a primary axis and presents a pair of shoulders. The pair of arms movably extend from a respective one of the pair of shoulders. Each of the arms has a plurality of arm joints. The neck movably extends from the torso along the primary axis. The neck has at least one neck joint. The head movably extends from the neck along the primary axis. The head has at least one head joint. The shoulders are canted toward one another at a shrug angle that is defined between each of the shoulders such that a workspace is defined between the shoulders.
摘要翻译：人形机器人包括一个躯干，一双手臂，两只手，一个脖子和一个头。躯干沿主轴延伸并呈现一对肩。所述一对臂从所述一对肩部中的相应一个可移动地延伸。每个臂具有多个臂关节。颈部沿着主轴从躯干运动地延伸。颈部至少有一个颈关节。头部从颈部沿着主轴线可移动地延伸。头部至少有一个头关节。肩膀彼此倾斜，以每个肩膀之间所定义的耸肩角度相互倾斜，从而在肩膀之间定义工作空间。

9. 发明申请

US20100280662A1 TORQUE CONTROL OF UNDERACTUATED TENDON-DRIVEN ROBOTIC FINGERS 有权
标题翻译：受力驱动的机动手指的扭矩控制
公开(公告)号：US20100280662A1
公开(公告)日：2010-11-04
申请号：US12720727
申请日：2010-03-10
申请人： Muhammad E. Abdallah , Chris A. Ihrke , Matthew J. Reiland , Charles W. Wampler, II , Myron A. Diftler , Robert J. Platt, JR. , Lyndon Bridgwater
发明人： Muhammad E. Abdallah , Chris A. Ihrke , Matthew J. Reiland , Charles W. Wampler, II , Myron A. Diftler , Robert J. Platt, JR. , Lyndon Bridgwater
IPC分类号： G05B15/00
CPC分类号： H01R13/17 , H01R13/052
摘要： A robotic system includes a robot having a total number of degrees of freedom (DOF) equal to at least n, an underactuated tendon-driven finger driven by n tendons and n DOF, the finger having at least two joints, being characterized by an asymmetrical joint radius in one embodiment. A controller is in communication with the robot, and controls actuation of the tendon-driven finger using force control. Operating the finger with force control on the tendons, rather than position control, eliminates the unconstrained slack-space that would have otherwise existed. The controller may utilize the asymmetrical joint radii to independently command joint torques. A method of controlling the finger includes commanding either independent or parameterized joint torques to the controller to actuate the fingers via force control on the tendons.
摘要翻译：机器人系统包括具有等于至少n的总自由度（DOF）等于至少n的机器人，由n个腱和n个DOF驱动的欠驱动的腱驱动的手指，所述手指具有至少两个关节，其特征在于不对称的一个实施例中的接头半径。控制器与机器人通信，并且使用力控制来控制腱驱动的手指的致动。通过对肌腱的力控制操作手指，而不是位置控制，消除了否则存在的无约束的松弛空间。控制器可以利用非对称关节半径来独立地命令关节扭矩。控制手指的方法包括将独立或参数化的关节扭矩指令给控制器以通过对肌腱上的力控制来致动手指。

10. 发明授权

US08489239B2 Robust operation of tendon-driven robot fingers using force and position-based control laws 有权
标题翻译：使用强力和基于位置的控制规律对肌腱驱动的机器人手指进行稳健的操作
公开(公告)号：US08489239B2
公开(公告)日：2013-07-16
申请号：US12916803
申请日：2010-11-01
申请人： Muhammad E Abdallah , Robert J. Platt, Jr. , Matthew J Reiland , Brian Hargrave , Myron A Diftler , Philip A Strawser , Chris A. Ihrke
发明人： Muhammad E Abdallah , Robert J. Platt, Jr. , Matthew J Reiland , Brian Hargrave , Myron A Diftler , Philip A Strawser , Chris A. Ihrke
IPC分类号： G06F19/00 , G05B15/00 , G05B19/00
CPC分类号： B25J15/0009 , B25J9/1045
摘要： A robotic system includes a tendon-driven finger and a control system. The system controls the finger via a force-based control law when a tension sensor is available, and via a position-based control law when a sensor is not available. Multiple tendons may each have a corresponding sensor. The system selectively injects a compliance value into the position-based control law when only some sensors are available. A control system includes a host machine and a non-transitory computer-readable medium having a control process, which is executed by the host machine to control the finger via the force- or position-based control law. A method for controlling the finger includes determining the availability of a tension sensor(s), and selectively controlling the finger, using the control system, via the force or position-based control law. The position control law allows the control system to resist disturbances while nominally maintaining the initial state of internal tendon tensions.
摘要翻译：机器人系统包括腱驱动的手指和控制系统。当张力传感器可用时，系统通过基于力的控制律控制手指，并且当传感器不可用时，通过基于位置的控制规律来控制手指。多个腱可以各自具有相应的传感器。当只有一些传感器可用时，系统选择性地将符合值注入基于位置的控制律。控制系统包括主机和具有控制过程的非暂时计算机可读介质，该控制过程由主机通过基于力或基于位置的控制定律来执行以控制手指。用于控制手指的方法包括确定张力传感器的可用性，以及使用控制系统通过力或基于位置的控制律选择性地控制手指。位置控制法允许控制系统抵抗干扰，同时名义上保持内部肌腱张力的初始状态。

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