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2. 发明授权

US4110173A Sealing closure for an opening of a coking oven 失效
标题翻译：用于打开焦化炉的密封圈
公开(公告)号：US4110173A
公开(公告)日：1978-08-29
申请号：US759852
申请日：1977-01-17
申请人： Kurt Dix
发明人： Kurt Dix
IPC分类号： C10B25/16 , C10B25/06
CPC分类号： C10B25/16
摘要： A sealing closure for an opening of a coking oven includes a frame mounted on the coking oven about the opening, a door receivable in the frame with a clearance therefrom in a closing position, and an arrangement for sealing the clearance. The sealing arrangement consists of a sealing member including a rigid support element and a sealing element of a resiliently yieldable material mounted on a marginal portion of the support element and adapted to sealingly contact a contact surface of the frame in the closing position of the door. The support element is connected to the door for an adjustment of the position thereof, and is retained in a selected adjusted position. A marginal portion of the support element is received in an elongated recess and has longitudinally distributed projections which are accommodated in a plurality of cutouts in the sealing element, the cutouts extending from the recess to a sealing surface contacting the contact surface of the frame. The projections have dovetail shapes and project from the remainder of the support element to a distance which is smaller than the corresponding dimension of the respective cutout. The frame may include an inner frame member, and an outer frame member provided with the contact surface and mounted on the inner frame member, being separated therefrom by a heat insulation. The outer frame member may have a width corresponding to that of the contact surface, and a thickness which is substantially smaller than that of the inner frame member. The inner frame member may have a stepped ridge between the opening and the outer frame member, and the door may be configurated complementarily to the ridge. At least one groove may be provided on the frame, and the door may have a projecting bulge extending into the groove in the closing projection of the door to define a labyrinthine passage therewith. A resilient sheet member may be removably interposed between the door and the frame.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTIONThe present invention relates to a sealing closure for coking ovens in general, and more particularly to a sealing closure for a horizontal coking oven.A wide variety of coking ovens of different constructions is already in operation or is being currently constructed. Such conventional coking ovens include walls which define a coking chamber, at least one charging and/or discharging opening being provided in at least one of such walls for communicating the exterior of the coking oven with the coking chamber. Depending on the particular construction of the coking oven, there have been already proposed various closures for closing the opening of the coking chamber during the operation of the coking oven.It has already been proposed to so construct the closure that it includes a frame mounted on the coking oven so as to surround at least an outwardly open end of the opening, and to provide a contact surface on the frame. Then, a door may be received in the open end of the opening and mounted on the frame with a clearance between the frame and the door. To prevent or at least reduce the danger of escape of noxious gases from the coking chamber into the ambient atmosphere through the clearance between the door and the frame, it has also been proposed to provide a sealing arrangement which is mounted on the door and contacts the contact surface of the frame in the closing position of the door. Such a sealing arrangement then seals the clearance and prevents the abovementioned escape of gases.The sealing arrangement of the conventional closure may include a strip-shaped sealing member which is frictionally retained on the door for adjustment of its position relative to the door and toward the contact surface of the frame in the closing position of the door, and being arrestable in any adjusted position thereof relative to the door. The sealing member may converge in direction to the contact surface to constitute a sealing edge thereat. It has also been already proposed to construct the sealing member as a sealing frame mounted on the door.Experience with these conventional coking ovens and closures therefor has shown that, during the operation of the coking oven, the frame and the door deform as a result of temperature differentials between the various regions thereof. Inasmuch as the coking process performed in the coking chamber results in time-dependent and location-dependent changes in the temperature of the charge being coked, the end result is that various regions of the frame and of the door will achieve different temperatures, depending on their location relative to the charge, on the one hand, and on the progress of the coking operation, on the other hand. This results in a situation where, despite the fact that the sealing edges of the support member may have been originally brought in sealing contact with the contact surface of the frame, prior to the commencement of the coking operation, the sealing edges will disociate themselves from the contact surface during the operation of the coking oven and thus their sealing effect is at least impaired, if not annihilated.To avoid this drawback of the conventional closures, it has also already been proposed to restore the sealing effect of the sealing arrangement by directing impacts against the side of the sealing member which faces away from the contact surface in the regions where the sealing edges have dissociated themselves from the contact surface, so that the sealing member, which is frictionally retained on the door, is adjusted in its position in direction toward the contact surface and thus the sealing edge is again pressed against the contact surface. This simple and easy adjustment of the sealing arrangement to the conditions prevailing at and in the closure, particularly to the temperature-caused deformations of the various components thereof, by directing impacts against the sealing member, is an important advantage of this particular construction of the closure and especially of the sealing arrangement thereof.However, this proposed construction of the closure, which has metal-on-metal seal, is also unsatisfactory in some respects, particularly inasmuch as the temperature-dependent deformation of the frame and of the door changes in the course of operation of the coking oven. This is attributable to the fact that the temperatures of the various regions of the charge and thus also of the various regions of the closure continuously vary, depending on the progress of the coking operation. As a result of this, it is, for all intents and purposes, impossible to achieve a gas-tight seal of the clearance by merely advancing the sealing member in the above-discussed manner. Actually, if it was desired to assure a complete sealing during the entire coking operation or cycle, it would be necessary to continuously adjust the position of the sealing member relative to the door to thereby keep the sealing edge of the sealing member in sealing contact with the contact surface of the frame. This, however, is so time-consuming and otherwise impractical as to be incapable of realization. What has been said before is especially valid for coking ovens which have substantial height, which are being nowadays erected to an ever-increasing extent.In order to eliminate this drawback and to achieve a long-lasting seal for closures of a different type, despite temperature-caused deformations of the frame and of the door, attempts have already been made to use, instead of the above-discussed support member which is frictionally held on the door, a sealing frame which is mounted on the door for movement toward the contact surface of the frame and which is spring-biased toward a sealing contact with the contact surface of the frame. However, even this solution to the problem of gas-tightly sealing the closure is disadvantageous in that the range within which the position of the sealing frame relative to the door can be adjusted is limited by the respective length of the biasing springs so that, under some circumstances, a complete gas-tightness is not achieved even during the original pressing of the sealing frame against the contact surface of the frame of the closure. In addition thereto, the forces which are exerted by the springs on the sealing frame are very often attenuated due to the heating of the springs during the operation of the coking oven, either during one cycle or over several cycles. Furthermore, a not insubstantial additional expenditure is involved when the sealing frame is resiliently mounted on the door. Finally, the handling of such closures requires a high degree of skill on the part of the operating personnel.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONAccordingly, it is a general object of the present invention to avoid the disadvantages of the prior-art closures.More particularly, it is an object of the present invention to design a sealing arrangement for a closure which has the advantages of the prior-art closures but which is not possessed of their drawbacks.It is still another object of the present invention to equip a closure with a sealing arrangement including a support member which can be easily adjusted in its position for counteracting the influence of temperature-caused deformation of the frame and of the door of the closure.It is a concomitant object of the present invention to so design the sealing arrangement that small temperature-caused deformations of the frame and the door of the closure are automatically compensated for in the sense of maintaining the gas-tightness of the closure.A further object of the present invention is to so construct the sealing arrangement as to avoid the need for a constant adjustment of the position of the sealing arrangement relative to the door.A yet another object of the present invention is to provide a closure, and particularly a sealing arrangement thereof, which is simple in construction, inexpensive to manufacture and reliable nevertheless.A further object of the present invention is to so construct the closure that contamination of the sealing arrangement by volatile by-products of the coking operation is avoided to the greatest possible extent.In pursuance of these objects and others which will become apparent hereafter, one feature of the present invention resides, briefly stated, in a sealing closure for an opening of a coking oven, which comprises a circumferentially complete frame mounted on the coking oven and bounding at least an outwardly open end of the opening; a door receivable in the opening with a clearance from the frame; means for removably holding the door in a closing position thereof with respect to the frame for closing the opening; and means for sealing the clearance, including a contact surface on the frame about the open end of the opening and with spacing therefrom, at least one sealing member including a rigid support element having a marginal portion juxtaposable with the contact surface and a sealing element of resiliently yieldable material mounted on the marginal portion of the support element, and means for connecting the support element to the door for adjustment of the position of the former relative to the latter and for retaining the support element in an adjusted position thereof in which the sealing element sealingly contacts the contact surface of the frame in the closing position of the door. Preferably, the sealing element has an elongated recess in which the marginal portion is received, and a sealing surface parallel to the recess and contacting the contact surface of the frame in the closing position of the door. Advantageously, the support element is elongated and the marginal portion thereof has longitudinally distributed projections, the sealing element having a plurality of cutouts communicating the recess with the sealing surface and adapted to accommodate the projections of the support element. To advantage, each of the cutouts has a dimension taken from the recess to the sealing surface which exceeds the corresponding dimension of the respective projection.When the closure is constructed in the above-discussed manner, it is possible, on the one hand, to compensate for the more pronounced temperature-caused deformations of the frame and of the door, in a simple manner, by merely directing impacts against the support element which is frictionally held on the door, which results in the adjustment of the position of the support element relative to the door toward contact of the support element with the contact surface. On the other hand, the additional smaller deformations of the frame and of the door, which constantly occur during the operation of the coking oven, are compensated for by the resiliently yieldable sealing element of the sealing member, due to a resilient deformation thereof.The automatic compensation for the small deformations of the closure during the operation of the coking oven is achieved by making the cutouts longer in direction toward the contact surface than the corresponding dimension of the respective projections of the marginal portion of the support element. In this manner, it is mainly achieved that, when the projections of the marginal portion of the support element abut against the contact surface of the frame, the sealing element is pre-stressed to such an extent that the pre-stressing of the sealing element and the tendency of the sealing element to reassume its unstressed configuration provide for compensating for the small deformations of the door or the frame during the coking operation, so that a gas-tight sealing effect is achieved unless the extent of the deformation of the frame or of the door or both reaches a certain limit.However, the provision of the longitudinally distributed projections of the marginal portion of the support element also achieves additional advantages. So, for instance, these projections so connect the sealing element to the support element as to form a unitary support member therewith. This is particularly true when the projections are of dovetailed configurations as considered in the longitudinal direction of the support element. In addition thereto, these projections protect the sealing element against damage thereto or against destruction thereof, particularly during the period when impacts are directed against the support element to adjust the position thereof relative to the door and to contact the projections of the marginal portion of the support element with the contact surface of the frame. Finally, they assure, in a simple manner, a predetermined pre-stressing of the sealing element which is constant over the entire circumference of the frame and of the door.The protection of the sealing element from damage, especially from splitting, during the period while impacts are directed against the support element, results from the fact that the projections of the marginal portion of the support element are distributed over the entire circumference of the door, so that these projections prevent the regions of the marginal portion of the support element which are situated intermediate the projections, from being displaced too close toward, or even into contact with, the contact surface of the frame. As a result of this, the sealing element cannot be damaged even if additional, actually unnecessary, impacts are directed against the support element after the projections of the marginal portion of the support element came into contact with the contact surface of the frame. In fact, such unnecessary impacts are transmitted, through the support element, and the projections thereof, directly into the frame, without having any detrimental influence on the sealing element of the sealing member and without additionally stressing the same. Thus, it is not necessary that the operating personnel exercise a high degree of care while adjusting the position of the support element inasmuch as the sealing element cannot be damaged even if a number of unnecessary impacts is directed against the support element. On the other hand, when the projections of the marginal portion of the support element come into abutment with the contact surface of the frame, this is sufficient for assuring a circumferentially constant pre-stressing of the sealing element.It is advantageous for achieving a complete sealing of the clearance to make the support element and the sealing element circumferentially complete. The sealing element is particularly well connected to the support element and to the projections thereof against its unwanted disociation from the support element and the projections thereof, when the projections of the marginal portion of the support element have dovetail configurations in the longitudinal direction of the support element. Under these circumstances, the sealing element can be easily removed from the support element and the projections thereof even after a prolonged use of the sealing member, to be replaced by a new sealing element.According to a further concept of the present invention, the frame includes an inner frame member immediately surrounding the open end of the opening, an outer frame member mounted on the inner frame member at a distance from the open end of the opening, and a heat insulation interposed between the frame members and thermally insulating the same from one another. In this construction, the contact surface is provided on the outer frame member. The reason for this construction of the frame is that, when the frame consists of two mutually thermally insulated frame members, the region of the contact surface of the frame is heated to a lesser extent during the operation of the coking oven than it would be the case in a unitary frame. As a result of this, even materials of high elasticity or resiliency can be used for the sealing element. It will be appreciated that the automatic compensation for the small deformations of the frame and of the door, and thus the sealing effect of the sealing arrangement for sealing the clearance between the door and the frame, are all the more effective, the greater the elasticity of the sealing element. The outer frame member of the frame is preferably so configurated that it has a width which only corresponds to that of the contact surface, and a thickness which is substantially smaller than that of the inner frame member. When the frame member is constructed in this manner, the heating of the frame in the region of the contact surface is further reduced.According to a further aspect of the present invention, the sealing means may further include a sealing frame interposed between the sealing member and the open end of the opening and having a sealing portion juxtaposed with the contact surface of the frame in the closing position of the door. The sealing frame may be mounted on the door for adjustment of the position of the former relative to the latter for contacting the sealing portion with the contact surface. The sealing frame may be of a metallic material and may have a region which converges toward the sealing portion.The sealing effect of the sealing arrangement, however, is not only influenced by the temperature-caused deformations of the frame and of the door, but also by encrustations which deposit, during the operation of the coking oven, on the sealing arrangement, and in particular also on the contact surface of the frame. These encrustations are the result of the deposition of volatile by-products of the coking operation. When such encrustations occur, they impede or prevent gas-tight contact of the sealing arrangement with the contact surface of the frame. The formation of such encrustations is attributable to the fact that the various regions of the closure are at a lower temperature than the interior of the coking oven, that is, the coking chamber and the charge contained therein, so that volatile by-products of the coking operation, such as tar or pitch vapors, condense on such relatively cool regions of the closure, especially in the lower region of the frame and of the door. The resulting liquid condensate eventually hardens and thus forms the above-discussed encrustations.In the first-discussed prior-art closure in which the metallic sealing member is frictionally held on the door and is to be adjusted in its position by directing impacts against the same to displace it toward the contact surface of the frame, the formation of the encrustations does not constitute any significant problem inasmuch as the sealing member is rigid and thus, as it is displaced toward the contact surface of the frame, the sealing edge thereof encounters the encrustations which may be present at the contact surface of the frame and penetrates such encrustations while the impacts are directed against the sealing member so that the encrustations are, to a great extent, destroyed or removed from the contact surface of the frame at least in the region about the sealing edge of the sealing member. However, inasmuch as the support element of the present invention is pressed against the contact surface of the frame only in the regions of the projections of the marginal portion of the support element, while impacts are being directed against the support element and thus the latter is displaced toward the contact surface of the frame and into abutment therewith, the encrustations in this case, contrarily to the above-discussed case, would be destroyed during the adjustment of the deposition of the support element relative to the door only to a very limited extent. Thus, when it is desired to use the closure of the present invention without reconditioning for a multitude of coking cycles, and to assure a gas-tight sealing of the clearance between the door and the frame, that is, when it is desired to use the closure without resorting to special cleaning operations of the contact surface and of the sealing element and/or support element, it is necessary to eliminate or at least strongly suppress the formation of the encrustations in the region of the contact surface of the frame and of the sealing element. It is evident that, if it were necessary to frequently clean the contact surface of the frame and/or the sealing element in order to remove the encrustations therefrom, this would not only result in a considerable time and labor expenditure in between the coking cycles, but would also result in a significant mechanical wear and tear of the contact surface and of the sealing element. On the other hand, when the formation of the encrustations in the region of the sealing arrangement is avoided, it is necessary to replace the sealing element only after much longer periods of time than heretofore necessary.The contact surface of the frame and the sealing element are virtually free of any encrustations thereon even after a plurality of coking cycles, when the closure has means for protecting the sealing means from deposition of volatile by-products of the coking process thereon, such protecting means including an outwardly projecting ridge on the frame in between the open end of the opening end of the contact surface of the frame. Preferably, at least a portion of the ridge has a stepped configuration, such portion advantageously extending all the way around the open end of the opening. To advantage, the contact surface of the frame is inwardly offset with respect to the respective step which has the largest magnitude. While it is not absolutely necessary to provide the frame with the ridge in all regions of the frame, it is recommended, particularly for manufacturing considerations, to provide the stepped ridge all the way around the open end of the opening of the coking oven.When the frame of the closure is provided with such a stepped ridge, the outwardly projecting steps of the ridge constitute a significant obstruction for the condensates which are formed in the region of the open end of the opening of the frame, so that such condensates are hampered in their flow to the contact surface and to the sealing element. These obstructions constituted by the steps are especially advantageous in the regions of the longitudinal sides of the frame and of the door, where each of the edges of the various steps also constitutes a drip edge. In addition thereto, the stepped region between the frame and the door constitutes a locking and accumulating space for the condensates.This stepped configuration of the ridge, at the lower region of the frame and of the door, especially in the region of the lower transverse sides thereof, has the result that the condensates which develop in the vicinity of the lower end of the opening of the frame can freely fall downwardly subsequent to any particular coking cycle, as well as during the following period while the door is in its open position, due to their own gravity. While so falling or dripping, the condensates will not come into contact with the contact surface underneath the lower ridge, so that the danger of deposition and hardening of such condensates on the contact surface is avoided even in this lower region. This is also true even when an airstream is directed against the coking oven from the exterior thereof, such airstream being directed against the frame of the closure.When the sealing arrangement consists of two parts, that is, when the above-mentioned sealing frame is arranged adjacent the sealing member of the present invention and between the same and the open end of the opening of the frame, the provision of the stepped ridge between the contact surface and the outwardly open end of the opening of the frame achieves a further advantage that the inner sealing frame and the contact surface associated therewith are also not moistened by the condensates.It is advantageous when the ridge arranged between the open end of the opening of the frame and the contact surface of the frame has at least three steps. Preferably, the ridge has four steps.The keeping of the condensates away from the contact surface of the frame and from the sealing element is especially effective when each of the steps of the ridge which is located closer to the open end of the opening of the frame has a larger magnitude than the immediately adjacent step which is more remote from the open end of the opening. In this event, the moistening of the contact surface of the frame during and after the removal of the door following the completion of a coking cycle, is further reduced.In order to further enhance the dripping of the condensates under the influence of gravity, it is advantageous to arrange at least one nose-shaped drip projection on the frame, such drip projection being arranged at least at the lower region of the frame in the zone adjacent to the open end of the opening, such drip projection extending substantially transversely of the ridge in the radially outward direction. It is recommended to provide such a drip projection on the step of the ridge which has the largest magnitude.It is further advantageous when the door has a bulge which has a stepped configuration complementary to the stepped configuration of the ridge, in the region of the door which is juxtaposed with the ridge in the closing position of the door. In this manner, the frame and the door bound, in their stepped regions, a relatively narrow channel, and the steps of the door act as additional obstructions in the flow of the condensates and thus further reduce the likelihood that the condensates would reach and deposit on the contact surface of the frame or on the sealing element.The moistening of the contact surface and of the sealing element by condensate, or the possibility thereof, is even further reduced when at least one groove is provided in the frame, extending substantially parallel to the steps of the ridge. In this construction, it is advantageous when the groove, or each groove, is provided at a side of a respective step of the ridge which is remote from the open end of the opening of the frame. Preferably, the groove extends circumferentially about the open end of the opening of the frame, and is circumferentially complete. When the door has a projecting bulge which is received in the groove of the frame in the closing position of the door, a labyrinthine seal is obtained between the door and the frame, which seal further reduces the danger of penetration of the condensates to the contact surface of the frame and the sealing element of the sealing member.The possibility of moistening of the contact surface of the frame and of the sealing element of the sealing member by condensates is further reduced when a substantially U-shaped sheet member, extending in the circumferential direction of the frame, is interposed between the frame and the door. This sheet member or a plurality of such sheet members can entirely eliminate the danger of penetration of condensates toward the zones which are critical for the sealing of the clearance between the door and the frame.It is advantageous when the sheet member or sheet members are removably interposed between the door and the frame. Thus, it is possible to easily exchange the sheet members when the door is in its open position, subsequent to the deposition of condensates or formation of encrustations, on the particular sheet member. It is further of advantage when the sheet member or members consist of resiliently yieldable metallic material, inasmuch as it can then be achieved that the sheet members remain in sealing contact with both components of the closure, that is the door and the frame, during the temperature-caused deformation of the frame and of the door, due to the resilient yieldability of such sheet members. Finally, it is currently preferred to provide the sheet member or members at least at the longitudinal, and at the lower transverse, regions of the door frame and the door proper.Preferably, the sheet members are so arranged between the frame and the door that the bight of the U-shaped sheet member rests against the door, and the two arms of the sheet member abut against the frame. The shielding effect of the sheet member, preventing penetration of the condensates to the contact surface of the frame and to the sealing member, is especially pronounced when the bight of the sheet member is received in a groove of the frame, one of the arms of the sheet member resting against the frame, while the other arm of the sheet member abuts against the door.A preferred material for the sealing element is a silicon rubber based material.The novel features which are considered as characteristic for the invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following description of specific embodiments when read in connection with the accompanying drawing.
摘要翻译：用于焦化炉的开口的密封盖包括围绕开口安装在焦化炉上的框架，在框架中可接收的门在关闭位置具有间隙，以及用于密封间隙的装置。密封装置包括密封构件，密封构件包括刚性支撑元件和安装在支撑元件的边缘部分上并且适于在门的关闭位置中密封地接触框架的接触表面的可弹性收缩材料的密封元件。支撑元件连接到门以调节其位置，并保持在选定的调整位置。支撑元件的边缘部分被容纳在细长的凹部中并且具有纵向分布的突起，其被容纳在密封元件中的多个切口中，切口从凹部延伸到与框架的接触表面接触的密封表面。突起具有燕尾形状并且从支撑元件的其余部分突出到小于相应尺寸的距离

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