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    • 1. 发明申请
    • SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FREQUENCY TRANSLATION USING AN IMAGE REJECT MIXER
    • 使用图像反射混频器进行频率翻译的系统和方法
    • US20080246875A1
    • 2008-10-09
    • US12140709
    • 2008-06-17
    • Kirk B. AshbyAlbert H. TaddikenS. Vincent Birleson
    • Kirk B. AshbyAlbert H. TaddikenS. Vincent Birleson
    • H04N7/01
    • H03D7/166
    • Frequency translation, such as frequency up conversion of a video baseband or intermediate frequency to a desired frequency division broadcast channel, is provided utilizing a single sideband or image reject mixer and filtering having relaxed selectivity requirements. According to a preferred embodiment, a first single sideband mixer accepts an input signal at an intermediate frequency and up converts this signal to a high intermediate frequency. The image rejection provided by the single sideband mixer in combination with simple filtering provide sufficient signal quality to achieve desired levels of desired signal isolation, such as on the order of 40 dB. Preferably, a second single sideband mixer accepts the high intermediate frequency signal and down converts this signal to a desired transmission or broadcast frequency. The image rejection provided by the single sideband mixers in combination with simple filtering provide sufficient desired signal isolation, such as on the order of 40 dB, thereby relax the linearity requirements of amplifiers utilized in the frequency translation system. A preferred embodiment of the present invention disposes all or substantially all the frequency translation circuit elements on a single substrate.
    • 使用单个边带或图像拒绝混合器以及具有放宽的选择性要求的滤波器来提供频率转换,诸如将视频基带或中频上变频到期望的频分广播信道。 根据优选实施例,第一单边带混频器接收中频处的输入信号,并将该信号上变频到高中频。 由单边带混频器提供的图像抑制与简单滤波相结合提供了足够的信号质量以达到期望的信号隔离度,例如大约40dB。 优选地,第二单边带混频器接受高中频信号,并将该信号下变频到期望的传输或广播频率。 由单边带混频器提供的图像抑制与简单滤波相结合提供了足够的期望信号隔离度,例如大约40dB,从而放宽了在频率转换系统中使用的放大器的线性度要求。 本发明的优选实施例将所有或基本上所有的频率平移电路元件配置在单个衬底上。
    • 2. 发明授权
    • System and method for frequency translation using an image reject mixer
    • 使用图像拒绝混频器进行频率转换的系统和方法
    • US07184724B1
    • 2007-02-27
    • US09552760
    • 2000-04-18
    • Kirk B. AshbyAlbert H. TaddikenS. Vincent Birleson
    • Kirk B. AshbyAlbert H. TaddikenS. Vincent Birleson
    • H04B1/10
    • H03D7/166
    • Frequency translation, such as frequency up conversion of a video baseband or intermediate frequency to a desired frequency division broadcast channel, is provided utilizing a single sideband or image reject mixer and filtering having relaxed selectivity requirements. According to a preferred embodiment, a first single sideband mixer accepts an input signal at an intermediate frequency and up converts this signal to a high intermediate frequency. The image rejection provided by the single sideband mixer in combination with simple filtering provide sufficient signal quality to achieve desired levels of desired signal isolation, such as on the order of 40 dB. Preferably, a second single sideband mixer accepts the high intermediate frequency signal and down converts this signal to a desired transmission or broadcast frequency. The image rejection provided by the single sideband mixers in combination with simple filtering provide sufficient desired signal isolation, such as on the order of 40 dB, thereby relax the linearity requirements of amplifiers utilized in the frequency translation system. A preferred embodiment of the present invention disposes all or substantially all the frequency translation circuit elements on a single substrate.
    • 使用单个边带或图像拒绝混合器以及具有放宽的选择性要求的滤波器来提供频率转换,诸如将视频基带或中频上变频到期望的频分广播信道。 根据优选实施例,第一单边带混频器接收中频处的输入信号,并将该信号上变频到高中频。 由单边带混频器提供的图像抑制与简单滤波相结合提供了足够的信号质量以达到期望的信号隔离度,例如大约40dB。 优选地,第二单边带混频器接受高中频信号,并将该信号下变频到期望的传输或广播频率。 由单边带混频器提供的图像抑制与简单滤波相结合提供了足够的期望信号隔离度,例如大约40dB,从而放宽了在频率转换系统中使用的放大器的线性度要求。 本发明的优选实施例将所有或基本上所有的频率平移电路元件配置在单个衬底上。
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Integrated amplifier having a voltage-controlled current source
    • 具有压控电流源的集成放大器
    • US6114912A
    • 2000-09-05
    • US298048
    • 1999-04-22
    • Kirk B. AshbyPaul C. DavisMalcolm H. SmithMichael D. Womac
    • Kirk B. AshbyPaul C. DavisMalcolm H. SmithMichael D. Womac
    • G05F1/56H03F3/04
    • H03F3/04G05F1/56H03F2200/294H03F2200/372
    • The voltage-controlled current source receives a control voltage from an operational amplifier which itself receives a reference voltage at one input from a bias circuit. The voltage-controlled current source applies current to the base of the amplifier's main transistor. The base of the transistor is also coupled to the input node of the amplifier through a DC-blocking capacitor and through a feedback loop to the other input of the operational amplifier. The voltage-controlled current source operates to maintain the voltage at the base of the transistor relatively constant for a wide range of input signal levels. As a result, the amplifier is able to operate at relatively low power supply voltages (e.g., as low as 2V) without suffering from premature gain compression at relatively high input signal levels (e.g., as high as 0.4V).
    • 压控电流源从运算放大器接收控制电压,运算放大器本身在偏置电路的一个输入端接收参考电压。 压控电流源将电流施加到放大器主晶体管的基极。 晶体管的基极还通过隔直流电容器连接到放大器的输入节点,并通过反馈回路耦合到运算放大器的另一个输入端。 电压控制电流源用于在宽范围的输入信号电平下保持晶体管基极处的电压相对恒定。 结果,放大器能够在相对较低的电源电压(例如,低至2V)下工作,而不会在相对高的输入信号电平(例如高达0.4V)下遭受过早增益压缩。
    • 4. 发明授权
    • Bias circuit for transconductance amplifier
    • 跨导放大器的偏置电路
    • US6023196A
    • 2000-02-08
    • US127752
    • 1998-08-03
    • Kirk B. AshbyPaul C. DavisMichael D. Womac
    • Kirk B. AshbyPaul C. DavisMichael D. Womac
    • H03D7/14H03F1/30H03F3/45
    • H03F3/45538H03D7/1433H03D7/1441H03D7/145H03D7/1458H03D7/1491H03F1/302H03F3/45085H03F3/45089H03D2200/0033H03D2200/0043H03F2200/372H03F2203/45311H03F2203/45386H03F2203/45498H03F2203/45501H03F2203/45542H03F2203/45544H03F2203/45561H03F2203/45702
    • In low-voltage circuits, there is often insufficient voltage to use a current source to bias a transconductance amplifier stage. This is particularly true in mixers where a switching circuit must be stacked on top of the transconductance input stage. One way around this problem is to get "double-duty" out of the input differential pair, using it both for gain stage and for DC bias. This is done by AC coupling in a high-frequency input signal, while using a low-frequency, DC-coupled circuit to establish the proper bias level. One common technique is to use a simple current mirror scheme to establish the DC level. Proper biasing using this technique requires good matching of resistance. In some implementations of transconductance amplifiers, particularly those that use inductors as degeneration elements, series resistance of the inductor and interconnect resistance can cause significant errors in the bias current. This invention addresses that problem by using an operational amplifier with a current-sensing resistor and a low-frequency feedback loop to compensate automatically for any resistance errors. The operational amplifier drives the feedback voltage (generated in accordance with the sensed voltage at the current-sensing resistor and applied to one input of the operational amplifier) towards a reference voltage that is applied to the other input of the operational amplifier to bias the transistor(s) in the transconductance amplifier for desired operating conditions.
    • 在低电压电路中,通常电压不足以使用电流源偏置跨导放大器级。 在需要在跨导输入级的顶部堆叠开关电路的混频器中尤其如此。 解决这个问题的一个方法是从输入差分对中获得“双重责任”,将其用于增益级和直流偏置。 这是通过高频输入信号中的交流耦合完成的,同时使用低频直流耦合电路建立适当的偏置电平。 一种常见的技术是使用简单的电流镜方案建立直流电平。 使用这种技术的适当偏置需要良好的电阻匹配。 在跨导放大器的一些实施方式中,特别是使用电感器作为退化元件的那些,电感器的串联电阻和互连电阻可能导致偏置电流的显着误差。 本发明通过使用具有电流检测电阻器和低频反馈回路的运算放大器来自动补偿任何电阻误差来解决该问题。 运算放大器驱动反馈电压(根据检测到的电流感测电压产生并施加到运算放大器的一个输入端)朝向施加到运算放大器的另一个输入的参考电压以偏置晶体管 (s)在跨导放大器中用于期望的操作条件。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Broadband linear transconductance amplifier with resistive
pole-splitting compensation
    • 宽带线性跨导放大器,具有电阻分支补偿
    • US5917379A
    • 1999-06-29
    • US903012
    • 1997-07-31
    • Kirk B AshbyPaul C. Davis
    • Kirk B AshbyPaul C. Davis
    • H03F3/45
    • H03F3/4508H03F3/45179H03F3/45278H03F3/45286H03F3/45304H03F2203/45184H03F2203/45298H03F2203/45304H03F2203/45466H03F2203/45471H03F2203/45496
    • A compensation scheme for differential- or single-input transconductance amplifiers relies on an active feedback path with a resistive pole-splitting compensation circuit. The resistive compensation circuit causes pole-splitting of the two dominant poles, moving one pole to a slightly lower frequency and the other to a much higher frequency compared to the dominant poles of the uncompensated amplifier. A DC-blocking capacitor may also be placed in series with the resistor of the compensation circuit to allow for proper biasing of the circuit. By selecting appropriate values for the passive elements in the compensation circuit, the compensation scheme of the present invention can cause the amplifier to operate in a stable, linear manner over the same or even a larger bandwidth than an equivalent amplifier without compensation. The present invention does not suffer the problems of standard narrowbanding compensation schemes associated with high frequency cut-off.
    • 差分或单输入跨导放大器的补偿方案依赖于具有电阻分极补偿电路的有源反馈路径。 电阻补偿电路引起两个主极的极分裂,将一极移动到稍低的频率,另一个极点与未补偿放大器的主极相比更高的频率。 隔离电容器也可以与补偿电路的电阻串联放置,以允许电路的适当偏置。 通过为补偿电路中的无源元件选择合适的值,本发明的补偿方案可以使得放大器在与补偿相等或甚至更大的带宽相同或甚至更大的带宽上以稳定的线性方式工作。 本发明不存在与高频截止相关的标准窄带补偿方案的问题。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Temperature compensation for variable gain amplifiers
    • 可变增益放大器的温度补偿
    • US6020786A
    • 2000-02-01
    • US128032
    • 1998-08-03
    • Kirk B. Ashby
    • Kirk B. Ashby
    • H03F3/45H03G1/04
    • H03F3/45479H03G1/04
    • A variable gain amplifier (VGA) may be useful in applications where the input amplitude is constant but the output must vary over a wide range. Some VGAs have a desirable exponential control characteristic, but an undesirable temperature characteristic that causes the gain to change with temperature when the control voltage is held constant with respect to temperature. The present invention is directed to a circuit that will convert a control signal (e.g., a voltage) that is constant with temperature into a voltage that can be applied to a VGA in such a way that the temperature variation of the VGA is eliminated without changing the desirable exponential control characteristics.
    • 可变增益放大器(VGA)可能在输入幅度恒定但输出必须在较宽范围内变化的应用中有用。 一些VGA具有期望的指数控制特性,但是当控制电压相对于温度保持恒定时,导致增益随温度变化的不期望的温度特性。 本发明涉及一种电路,其将将温度恒定的控制信号(例如,电压)转换成可以施加到VGA的电压,使得VGA的温度变化被消除而不改变 期望的指数控制特性。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • System and method for frequency translation using an image reject mixer
    • 使用图像拒绝混频器进行频率转换的系统和方法
    • US07711346B2
    • 2010-05-04
    • US12140709
    • 2008-06-17
    • Kirk B. AshbyAlbert H. TaddikenS. Vincent Birleson
    • Kirk B. AshbyAlbert H. TaddikenS. Vincent Birleson
    • H04B1/68H04B1/26
    • H03D7/166
    • Frequency translation, such as frequency up conversion of a video baseband or intermediate frequency to a desired frequency division broadcast channel, is provided utilizing a single sideband or image reject mixer and filtering having relaxed selectivity requirements. According to a preferred embodiment, a first single sideband mixer accepts an input signal at an intermediate frequency and up converts this signal to a high intermediate frequency. The image rejection provided by the single sideband mixer in combination with simple filtering provide sufficient signal quality to achieve desired levels of desired signal isolation, such as on the order of 40 dB. Preferably, a second single sideband mixer accepts the high intermediate frequency signal and down converts this signal to a desired transmission or broadcast frequency. The image rejection provided by the single sideband mixers in combination with simple filtering provide sufficient desired signal isolation, such as on the order of 40 dB, thereby relax the linearity requirements of amplifiers utilized in the frequency translation system. A preferred embodiment of the present invention disposes all or substantially all the frequency translation circuit elements on a single substrate.
    • 使用单个边带或图像拒绝混合器以及具有放宽的选择性要求的滤波器来提供频率转换,诸如将视频基带或中频上变频到期望的频分广播信道。 根据优选实施例,第一单边带混频器接收中频处的输入信号,并将该信号上变频到高中频。 由单边带混频器提供的图像抑制与简单滤波相结合提供了足够的信号质量以达到期望的信号隔离度,例如大约40dB。 优选地,第二单边带混频器接受高中频信号,并将该信号下变频到期望的传输或广播频率。 由单边带混频器提供的图像抑制与简单滤波相结合提供了足够的期望信号隔离度,例如大约40dB,从而放宽了在频率转换系统中使用的放大器的线性度要求。 本发明的优选实施例将所有或基本上所有的频率平移电路元件配置在单个衬底上。
    • 10. 发明授权
    • System and method for frequency translation using an image reject mixer
    • 使用图像拒绝混频器进行频率转换的系统和方法
    • US07403761B2
    • 2008-07-22
    • US11523785
    • 2006-09-19
    • Kirk B. AshbyAlbert H. TaddikenS. Vincent Birleson
    • Kirk B. AshbyAlbert H. TaddikenS. Vincent Birleson
    • H04B1/68H04B1/26
    • H03D7/166
    • Frequency translation, such as frequency up conversion of a video baseband or intermediate frequency to a desired frequency division broadcast channel, is provided utilizing a single sideband or image reject mixer and filtering having relaxed selectivity requirements. According to a preferred embodiment, a first single sideband mixer accepts an input signal at an intermediate frequency and up converts this signal to a high intermediate frequency. The image rejection provided by the single sideband mixer in combination with simple filtering provide sufficient signal quality to achieve desired levels of desired signal isolation, such as on the order of 40 dB. Preferably, a second single sideband mixer accepts the high intermediate frequency signal and down converts this signal to a desired transmission or broadcast frequency. The image rejection provided by the single sideband mixers in combination with simple filtering provide sufficient desired signal isolation, such as on the order of 40 dB, thereby relax the linearity requirements of amplifiers utilized in the frequency translation system. A preferred embodiment of the present invention disposes all or substantially all the frequency translation circuit elements on a single substrate.
    • 使用单个边带或图像拒绝混合器以及具有放宽的选择性要求的滤波器来提供频率转换,诸如将视频基带或中频上变频到期望的频分广播信道。 根据优选实施例,第一单边带混频器接收中频处的输入信号,并将该信号上变频到高中频。 由单边带混频器提供的图像抑制与简单滤波相结合提供了足够的信号质量以达到期望的信号隔离度,例如大约40dB。 优选地,第二单边带混频器接受高中频信号,并将该信号下变频到期望的传输或广播频率。 由单边带混频器提供的图像抑制与简单滤波相结合提供了足够的期望信号隔离度,例如大约40dB,从而放宽了在频率转换系统中使用的放大器的线性度要求。 本发明的优选实施例将所有或基本上所有的频率平移电路元件配置在单个衬底上。