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    • 5. 发明授权
    • Continuous electrolytically regenerated packed suppressor for ion chromatography
    • 用于离子色谱的连续电解再生填充抑制剂
    • US06610546B1
    • 2003-08-26
    • US09648377
    • 2000-08-25
    • Yan LiuKannan SrinivasanNebojsa AvdalovicHamish SmallJohn M. Riviello
    • Yan LiuKannan SrinivasanNebojsa AvdalovicHamish SmallJohn M. Riviello
    • G01N3002
    • G01N30/96G01N2030/965G01N30/6069
    • An electrolytic suppressor including (a) packing (a suppressor bed of ion exchange resin or a flow-through monolith), (b) an electrode chamber adjacent the suppressor, (c) a first electrode in the electrode chamber, (d) a barrier separating the packing from the first electrode chamber preventing significant liquid flow but permitting transport of ions only of the same charge as the packing, (e) a second electrode in electrical communication with the resin bed, and (f) a recycle conduit between the suppressor outlet port and said electrode chamber. Charged transverse partitions with openings may be included to create a serpentine liquid path. For anion analysis, the method of using the apparatus includes: (a) flowing an aqueous liquid sample stream containing anions to be detected and cation hydroxide through the separator bed, (b) flowing the aqueous effluent from the separator bed through the flow-through packing, (c) flowing the effluent liquid from the suppressor past a detector, (d) recycling said liquid effluent from the detector through a cathode chamber proximate to the packing and separated by the first barrier, and (e) applying an electrical potential between the cathode and the anode. Water is electrolyzed at the anode to cause cations on the cation exchange packing to electromigrate toward the barrier and to be transported across the barrier toward the cathode while water in the cathode chamber is electrolyzed to generate hydroxide ions which combine with the transported cations to form cation hydroxide in the cathode chamber.
    • 一种电解抑制器,其包括(a)填充(离子交换树脂或流通式整料的抑制床),(b)与抑制器相邻的电极室,(c)电极室中的第一电极,(d) 将填料从第一电极室分离以防止显着的液体流动,但允许仅与填料相同的电荷输送离子,(e)与树脂床电连通的第二电极,和(f)抑制器之间的再循环导管 出口和所述电极室。 可以包括具有开口的带电的横向隔板以产生蛇形液体路径。 对于阴离子分析,使用该装置的方法包括:(a)使含有待检测的阴离子和阳离子氢氧化物的含水液体样品流通过分离床,(b)使来自分离器床的水性流出物流过流过 包装,(c)使来自抑制器的流出液体流过检测器,(d)将来自检测器的所述液体流出物循环通过邻近填料的阴极室并由第一屏障分离,以及(e) 阴极和阳极。 在阳极处电解阳极以使阳离子交换填料上的阳离子电迁移到屏障上,并将阴极室内的水转移到阴极,同时电解阴极室中的水以产生氢氧化物离子,这些氢离子与运送的阳离子结合形成阳离子 氢氧化物在阴极室中。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for pulsed electrochemical detection using polymer
electroactive electrodes
    • 使用聚合物电活性电极进行脉冲电化学检测的方法和装置
    • US5403451A
    • 1995-04-04
    • US206136
    • 1994-03-04
    • John M. RivielloGordon WallaceOmowunmi A. Sadik
    • John M. RivielloGordon WallaceOmowunmi A. Sadik
    • G01N27/447G01N27/327G01N27/38G01N27/416G01N27/42G01N27/48G01N30/64G01N30/78G01N27/26
    • G01N27/3277
    • In a first embodiment, a target analyte in solution is detected by exposing the solution to an electrode that includes a conducting electroactive polymer to which a periodic alternating voltage is coupled. Upon exposure to the analyte, an electrode characteristic is varied, which variation is detected by measuring electrode current as a function of time and as a function of the periodic alternating voltage. The alternating voltage waveform has an oxidizing time period and a reduction time period, which periods and waveform duty cycle may be controlled to enhance electrode sensitivity, selectivity, and to substantially eliminate electrode fouling and data hysteresis. In a second embodiment, a receptor is bound to the electrode, to which is coupled an alternating voltage waveform that permits a mating target substance to reversibly bind to the receptor such that measurement of electrode current provides a measure of such reversible binding. The second embodiment is especially useful for detecting antibodies, antigens, haptens, DNA, RNA, and enzymes. Either embodiment may be used for detection in flow-through electrochemical cells, flow injection analysis, liquid, and ion chromatography, as well as in capillary electrophoresis.
    • 在第一实施方案中,溶液中的目标分析物通过将溶液暴露于包括连接有周期性交流电压的导电电活性聚合物的电极来检测。 在暴露于分析物时,改变电极特性,通过测量电极电流作为时间的函数并且作为周期性交变电压的函数来检测该变化。 交流电压波形具有氧化时间段和减少时间周期,可以控制这些周期和波形占空比以增强电极灵敏度,选择性,并且基本上消除电极结垢和数据滞后。 在第二实施方案中,受体结合到电极,其耦合交流电压波形,其允许配对目标物质可逆地结合受体,使得电极电流的测量提供了这种可逆结合的量度。 第二个实施方案对于检测抗体,抗原,半抗原,DNA,RNA和酶特别有用。 两种实施方案可用于流通电化学电池中的检测,流动注射分析,液体和离子色谱法以及毛细管电泳。