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1. 发明授权

US4387057A New diisocyanates containing sulfur and a process for their preparation 失效
标题翻译：含有硫的新型二异氰酸酯及其制备方法
公开(公告)号：US4387057A
公开(公告)日：1983-06-07
申请号：US136624
申请日：1980-04-02
申请人： Jurgen Schwindt , Gerhard Grogler , Otto Ganster , Johannes Koster
发明人： Jurgen Schwindt , Gerhard Grogler , Otto Ganster , Johannes Koster
IPC分类号： C08G18/00 , C07C67/00 , C07C313/00 , C07C315/04 , C07C317/32 , C07C323/36 , C08G18/77 , C07C119/048
CPC分类号： C08G18/775
摘要： The invention is directed to new sulfur-containing diisocyanates in which a mercapto, sulfoxo or sulfone group joins two aromatic nuclei together or joins an aromatic nucleus to an aliphatic group and in which at least one of the aromatically bound isocyanate groups is in the ortho-position to the sulfur atom. The invention is also directed to a process for the preparation of these new sulfur-containing diisocyanates and to their use in the isocyanate polyaddition process for the production of polyurethanes.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及新的含硫二异氰酸酯，其中巯基，磺基或砜基团将两个芳香核团连接在一起或将芳香核连接到脂族基团上，其中至少一个芳族结合的异氰酸酯基团在邻位 - 位置到硫原子。本发明还涉及一种制备这些新的含硫二异氰酸酯的方法及其在用于生产聚氨酯的异氰酸酯加聚方法中的用途。

2. 发明授权

US4195032A Process for continuously working up solutions of the type accumulating in the phosgenation of monoamines 失效
标题翻译：连续处理在单胺光气化中积累的类型的溶液的方法
公开(公告)号：US4195032A
公开(公告)日：1980-03-25
申请号：US010650
申请日：1979-02-09
申请人： Johannes Koster , Peter Heitkamper , Peter Fuhrmann , Helmut Porkert
发明人： Johannes Koster , Peter Heitkamper , Peter Fuhrmann , Helmut Porkert
IPC分类号： C07C265/02 , C07C67/00 , C07C241/00 , C07C263/10 , C07C263/20 , C07C265/06 , C07C118/00 , C07C118/02
CPC分类号： C07C263/10
摘要： The present invention relates to an improved process for the continuous production of alkylmonoisocyanates from commercial solutions containing N-alkyl carbamic acid chlorides by thermally decomposing the N-alkyl carbamic acid chlorides in the presence of inert solvents, and recovering the pure monoisocyanates by distillation.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过在惰性溶剂的存在下热分解N-烷基氨基甲酸氯化物并通过蒸馏回收纯的单异氰酸酯，从含有N-烷基氨基甲酸氯化物的商业溶液中连续制备烷基异氰酸酯的改进方法。

3. 发明授权

US4195031A Process for the continuous production of monoisocyanates 失效
标题翻译：连续生产单异氰酸酯的方法
公开(公告)号：US4195031A
公开(公告)日：1980-03-25
申请号：US965648
申请日：1978-12-20
申请人： Wolfgang Reichmann , Klaus Konig , Johannes Koster
发明人： Wolfgang Reichmann , Klaus Konig , Johannes Koster
IPC分类号： C07C265/02 , C07C20060101 , C07C67/00 , C07C241/00 , C07C263/04 , C07C265/04 , C07C118/00
CPC分类号： C07C263/04
摘要： The instant invention relates to an improved process for the continuous production of an aliphatic monoisocyanate from the corresponding N-alkyl carbamic acid aryl ester. More particularly, the invention is directed to a process for the continuous production of monoisocyanates corresponding to the formulaR--NCOin whichR represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms comprising thermally decomposing the corresponding N-alkylcarbamic acid aryl esters corresponding to the formulaR--NH--CO--O--R'in whichR has the meaning above andR' represents a radical of the type obtained by removing the hydroxyl group from a monophenol having a boiling point below 250.degree. C. at normal pressure, and separating the decomposition products by decomposition, further characterized in that(a) a solution of the N-alkylcarbamic acid aryl ester in an organic solvent, which solvent is inert under the reaction conditions and has a boiling point lying at least 20.degree. C. above the boiling point of the monoisocyanate to be formed, is heated to a temperature of from 160.degree. C. to 250.degree. C. at normal pressure or at slightly reduced pressure within the range of 200 to 1013 mbar, thereby resulting in the decomposition of the ester into the corresponding monoisocyanate and the corresponding phenol, as well as the evaporation of the solvent and the decomposition products, and(b) the vapors formed are fed into a distillation column with the monoisocyanate obtained at the head of the column and with the phenol and at least a major portion of the solvent obtained from a side stream or from several side streams.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及从相应的N-烷基氨基甲酸芳基酯连续制备脂族单异氰酸酯的改进方法。更具体地说，本发明涉及连续制备相应于式R-NCO的单异氰酸酯的方法，其中R代表含有1至3个碳原子的脂族烃基，包括热分解相应的N-烷基氨基甲酸芳基酯式R-NH-CO-OR'其中R具有上述含义，R'表示通过在常压下从沸点低于250℃的单酚除去羟基得到的类型的基团，并且分离分解产物，其特征还在于（a）N-烷基氨基甲酸芳基酯在有机溶剂中的溶液，该溶剂在反应条件下是惰性的，并且沸点至少在20℃以上要形成的单异氰酸酯的沸点在常压或稍微减压的范围内加热到160℃至250℃的温度 e为200至1013毫巴，从而导致酯分解成相应的单异氰酸酯和相应的苯酚，以及溶剂和分解产物的蒸发，和（b）所形成的蒸气进料到蒸馏塔与在柱的头部和苯酚获得的单异氰酸酯以及从侧流或从多个侧流获得的至少大部分溶剂。

4. 发明授权

US4348536A Odorless catalysts for the synthesis of polyurethanes 失效
标题翻译：用于合成聚氨酯的无味催化剂
公开(公告)号：US4348536A
公开(公告)日：1982-09-07
申请号：US875278
申请日：1978-02-06
申请人： Johannes Blahak , Hans Hubner , Johannes Koster , Hans J. Meiners , Heinz Thomas
发明人： Johannes Blahak , Hans Hubner , Johannes Koster , Hans J. Meiners , Heinz Thomas
IPC分类号： C08G18/00 , C07C67/00 , C07C231/00 , C07C233/36 , C07C239/00 , C07C271/20 , C07C275/14 , C08G18/18 , C07C127/15 , C07C103/44
CPC分类号： C08G18/1841 , C07C271/20 , C07C275/14
摘要： The instant invention is directed to novel compounds and the use thereof in producing polyurethane resins. The compounds generally correspond to the following formula: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of from 1 to 5,R is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl groupY is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group or a ##STR2## and Z is a ##STR3## where n=0 or 1, X is --O-- or ##STR4## and R' is an aliphatic group having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms and may contain ester, ether, or amide groups or tertiary nitrogen and, when m=0, R' may be a hydrogen atom.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及新型化合物及其在制备聚氨酯树脂中的用途。化合物通常对应于下式：其中n为1至5的整数，R为C1-C5烷基，Y为C1-C5烷基或“IMA”，Z为“IMAGE” >其中n = 0或1，X是-O-或，R'是具有1至15个碳原子的脂族基团，并且可以含有酯，醚或酰胺基或叔氮，当m = 0时，R'可以是氢原子。

5. 发明授权

US07671333B2 Apparatus for observing a sample with a particle beam and an optical microscope 有权
标题翻译：用粒子束和光学显微镜观察样品的装置
公开(公告)号：US07671333B2
公开(公告)日：2010-03-02
申请号：US12026419
申请日：2008-02-05
申请人： Alexandra Valerievna Agronskaja , Hans Casper Gerritsen , Adrianus Johannes Verkleij , Abraham Johannes Koster
发明人： Alexandra Valerievna Agronskaja , Hans Casper Gerritsen , Adrianus Johannes Verkleij , Abraham Johannes Koster
IPC分类号： G01N13/12 , H01J37/20 , H01J37/28 , H01J37/244
CPC分类号： H01J37/26 , G01N21/6458 , H01J37/226 , H01J2237/20
摘要： An apparatus for observing a sample (1) with a TEM column and an optical high resolution scanning microscope (10). The sample position when observing the sample with the TEM column differs from the sample position when observing the sample with the optical microscope in that in the latter case the sample is tilted towards the light-optical microscope. By using an optical microscope of the scanning type, and preferably using monochromatic light, the lens elements (11) of the optical microscope facing the sample position can be sufficiently small to be positioned between the pole faces (8A, 8B) of the (magnetic) particle-optical objective lens (7). This is in contrast with the objective lens systems conventionally used in optical microscopes, which show a large diameter. Furthermore the optical microscope, or at least the parts (11) close to the sample, may be retractable so as to free space when imaging in TEM mode.
摘要翻译：一种用TEM柱和光学高分辨率扫描显微镜（10）观察样品（1）的装置。用TEM显示器观察样品时的样品位置不同于用光学显微镜观察样品时的样品位置，因为在后一种情况下样品向光学显微镜倾斜。通过使用扫描型的光学显微镜，并且优选使用单色光，面向样品位置的光学显微镜的透镜元件（11）可以足够小以定位在（磁性的）磁极的极面（8A，8B）之间）粒子光学物镜（7）。这与通常用于显示大直径的光学显微镜中的物镜系统形成对比。此外，光学显微镜或至少靠近样品的部分（11）可以是可缩回的，以便在TEM模式下成像时自由空间。

6. 发明申请

US20080210869A1 APPARATUS FOR OBSERVING A SAMPLE WITH A PARTICLE BEAM AND AN OPTICAL MICROSCOPE 有权
标题翻译：用于观察颗粒光束和光学显微镜的样品的装置
公开(公告)号：US20080210869A1
公开(公告)日：2008-09-04
申请号：US12026419
申请日：2008-02-05
申请人： Hans Casper Gerritsen , Adrianus Johannes Verkleij , Alexandra Valerievna Agronskaja , Abraham Johannes Koster
发明人： Hans Casper Gerritsen , Adrianus Johannes Verkleij , Alexandra Valerievna Agronskaja , Abraham Johannes Koster
IPC分类号： H01J37/26
CPC分类号： H01J37/26 , G01N21/6458 , H01J37/226 , H01J2237/20
摘要： An apparatus for observing a sample (1) with a TEM column and an optical high resolution scanning microscope (10). The sample position when observing the sample with the TEM column differs from the sample position when observing the sample with the optical microscope in that in the latter case the sample is tilted towards the light-optical microscope. By using an optical microscope of the scanning type, and preferably using monochromatic light, the lens elements (11) of the optical microscope facing the sample position can be sufficiently small to be positioned between the pole faces (8A, 8B) of the (magnetic) particle-optical objective lens (7). This is in contrast with the objective lens systems conventionally used in optical microscopes, which show a large diameter. Furthermore the optical microscope, or at least the parts (11) close to the sample, may be retractable so as to free space when imaging in TEM mode.
摘要翻译：一种用TEM柱和光学高分辨率扫描显微镜（10）观察样品（1）的装置。用TEM显示器观察样品时的样品位置不同于用光学显微镜观察样品时的样品位置，因为在后一种情况下样品向光学显微镜倾斜。通过使用扫描型的光学显微镜，并且优选使用单色光，面向样品位置的光学显微镜的透镜元件（11）可以足够小以定位在所述扫描类型的极面（8A，8B）之间（磁性）粒子 - 光学物镜（7）。这与通常用于显示大直径的光学显微镜中的物镜系统形成对比。此外，光学显微镜或至少靠近样品的部分（11）可以是可缩回的，以便在TEM模式下成像时自由空间。

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