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1. 发明申请

US20120116039A1 METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TERPOLYMERS BASED ON VDF, TRFE AND CFE, OR CTFE 有权
标题翻译：基于VDF，TRFE和CFE或CTFE生产三聚物的方法
公开(公告)号：US20120116039A1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-10
申请号：US13269124
申请日：2011-10-07
申请人： Francois Bauer
发明人： Francois Bauer
IPC分类号： C08F214/22 , C08F214/24
CPC分类号： C08F14/22 , C08F214/18 , C08F214/22 , C08F214/26 , C08F2/18
摘要： A process for manufacturing terpolymers by polymerization of VDF (vinylidene difluoride), TrFE (trifluoroethylene), and CFE (1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene) or CTFE (chlorotrifluoroethylene) monomers in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, characterized in that: i) an initial mixture of VDF and of TrFE, free of CFE and of CTFE, is fed into an autoclave, ii) the initiator mixed with water is injected into the autoclave so as to achieve, inside the autoclave, a pressure at least equal to 80 bar, in order to form a suspension of VDF and TrFE monomers in water, iii) a secondary mixture constituted of VDF, TrFE and CFE or CTFE is injected into the autoclave, then iv) as soon as the polymerization reaction starts, said secondary mixture is reinjected continuously into the reactor, so as to maintain therein a constant pressure of at least 80 bar.
摘要翻译：一种通过在自由基聚合引发剂存在下通过VDF（偏二氟乙烯），TrFE（三氟乙烯）和CFE（1-氯-1-氟乙烯）或CTFE（氯三氟乙烯）单体的聚合制备三元共聚物的方法，其特征在于：i ）将VDF和不含CFE和CTFE的TrFE的初始混合物进料到高压釜中，ii）将与水混合的引发剂注入高压釜中，以在高压釜内部达到至少等于 80巴，以形成VDF和TrFE单体在水中的悬浮液，iii）将由VDF，TrFE和CFE或CTFE构成的二次混合物注入高压釜中，然后iv）一旦聚合反应开始，所述次级将混合物连续地注入反应器，以便在其中保持至少80巴的恒定压力。

2. 发明授权

US5491879A Procedure to polarize at least one zone of a foil of ferroelectric material to produce a polarized element for piezoelectric or pyroelectric transducers 失效
标题翻译：使铁电材料箔的至少一个区域偏振以产生用于压电或热释电换能器的偏振元件的步骤
公开(公告)号：US5491879A
公开(公告)日：1996-02-20
申请号：US177543
申请日：1994-01-05
申请人： Francois Bauer
发明人： Francois Bauer
IPC分类号： H01L41/257 , H01L41/45 , H04R17/00
CPC分类号： H01L41/45 , H01L41/257 , Y10T29/42 , Y10T29/49226
摘要： A method of polarizing selected areas of a foil of ferroelectric material, wherein electrodes are deposited in such a way on the opposite surfaces of the foil that the zone to be polarized extends between these two electrodes. The zone to be polarized is compressed and a variable voltage is applied across the electrodes. Each electrode is connected to an insulating support whose surface exceeds that of the zone to be polarized on the foil of ferroelectric material. Besides the electrode, the insulating support has a layer of dielectric material whose external surface is level with the external surface of the electrode.
摘要翻译：一种使铁电材料箔的选定区域偏振的方法，其中电极以这样的方式沉积在箔的相对表面上，以使待偏振的区域在这两个电极之间延伸。被极化的区域被压缩，并且跨电极施加可变电压。每个电极连接到绝缘支撑件，其表面超过在铁电材料箔上被极化的区域。除了电极之外，绝缘支撑件还具有一层介电材料，其外表面与电极的外表面平齐。

3. 发明授权

US4611260A Method and device for polarizing ferroelectric materials 失效
标题翻译：用于极化铁电材料的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4611260A
公开(公告)日：1986-09-09
申请号：US561667
申请日：1983-12-15
申请人： Francois Bauer
发明人： Francois Bauer
IPC分类号： H01G7/02 , H01L41/45 , H04R17/00
CPC分类号： H01L41/45 , H01G7/02 , H01G7/023 , H01L41/257 , Y10T29/42
摘要： Method and means for polarizing ferroelectric materials up to a predetermined polarization level include the application of an electric field E to these materials. According to this method the ferroelectric material is subjected to an alternating electric field E, the frequency of which ranges from about 0.001 to 1 Hz, and which is made to increase gradually and in a cyclic way between 0.+-.E.sub.N, E.sub.N being slightly in excess of the coercive force E.sub.C of said material. Simultaneously, the intensity i of the current traversing the material (2) is measured as a function of the applied field (E) using a unit of visualization, until a stable curve i=f(E) is attained. The invention is particularly suitable for obtaining a stable polarization of ferroelectric polymers, copolymers, crystals, and polycrystals, with the objective of using the piezoelectric and/or pyroelectric properties of these materials.
摘要翻译：将铁电材料极化至预定极化水平的方法和装置包括对这些材料施加电场E. 根据该方法，铁电材料经受交变电场E，其频率范围为约0.001至1Hz，并且其逐渐增加并且以0 +/- EN之间的循环方式增加，EN略微超过所述材料的矫顽力EC。同时，使用可视化单位，测量横穿材料（2）的电流的强度i作为应用场（E）的函数，直到达到稳定曲线i = f（E）。本发明特别适用于获得铁电聚合物，共聚物，晶体和多晶体的稳定极化，目的是使用这些材料的压电和/或热电性能。

4. 发明授权

US08552127B2 Method for the production of terpolymers based on VDF, TRFE and CFE, or CTFE 有权
标题翻译：基于VDF，TRFE和CFE或CTFE生产三元共聚物的方法
公开(公告)号：US08552127B2
公开(公告)日：2013-10-08
申请号：US13269124
申请日：2011-10-07
申请人： Francois Bauer
发明人： Francois Bauer
IPC分类号： C08F14/22
CPC分类号： C08F14/22 , C08F214/18 , C08F214/22 , C08F214/26 , C08F2/18
摘要： A process for manufacturing terpolymers by polymerization of VDF (vinylidene difluoride), TrFE (trifluoroethylene), and CFE (1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene) or CTFE (chlorotrifluoroethylene) monomers in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, characterized in that: i) an initial mixture of VDF and of TrFE, free of CFE and of CTFE, is fed into an autoclave, ii) the initiator mixed with water is injected into the autoclave so as to achieve, inside the autoclave, a pressure at least equal to 80 bar, in order to form a suspension of VDF and TrFE monomers in water, iii) a secondary mixture constituted of VDF, TrFE and CFE or CTFE is injected into the autoclave, then iv) as soon as the polymerization reaction starts, said secondary mixture is reinjected continuously into the reactor, so as to maintain therein a constant pressure of at least 80 bar.
摘要翻译：一种通过在自由基聚合引发剂存在下通过VDF（偏二氟乙烯），TrFE（三氟乙烯）和CFE（1-氯-1-氟乙烯）或CTFE（氯三氟乙烯）单体的聚合制备三元共聚物的方法，其特征在于：i ）将VDF和不含CFE和CTFE的TrFE的初始混合物进料到高压釜中，ii）将与水混合的引发剂注入高压釜中，以在高压釜内部达到至少等于 80巴，以形成VDF和TrFE单体在水中的悬浮液，iii）将由VDF，TrFE和CFE或CTFE构成的二次混合物注入高压釜中，然后iv）一旦聚合反应开始，所述次级将混合物连续地注入反应器，以便在其中保持至少80巴的恒定压力。

5. 发明申请

US20070167590A1 Method of manufacturing vinylidene difluoride and trifluoroethylene-based dielectric copolymers 有权
标题翻译：亚乙烯基二氟化物和三氟乙烯基介电共聚物的制备方法
公开(公告)号：US20070167590A1
公开(公告)日：2007-07-19
申请号：US11491161
申请日：2006-07-24
申请人： Christian Baras , Francois Bauer , Eric Fousson , Jean Blaise
发明人： Christian Baras , Francois Bauer , Eric Fousson , Jean Blaise
IPC分类号： C08F214/18
CPC分类号： C08F214/22 , C08F214/24
摘要： A method of manufacturing, by suspension polymerization, dielectric copolymers, including injecting an initial mixture of constituent monomers into an autoclave at constant temperature and pressure, wherein the mixture of constituent monomers including vinylidene difluoride (VDF), trifluoroethylene (TrFE), and a monomer 2 to 10 times more reactive than VDF and TrFE; and continuously reinjecting at constant pressure, as soon as the reaction is initiated and throughout the duration of polymerization, a second mixture of the constituent monomers, wherein the molar composition of the initial mixture and the second mixture are determined by calculation, in a manner known of itself, taking into account the desired molar composition of the copolymer and the higher reactivity of the third monomer.
摘要翻译：通过悬浮聚合制造介电共聚物的方法，包括将恒定温度和压力下的构成单体的初始混合物注入高压釜中，其中包括偏二氟乙烯（VDF），三氟乙烯（TrFE）和单体比VDF和TrFE反应性高2〜10倍; 并且在恒定压力下连续地注入，一旦反应开始并且在聚合的整个持续时间内，构成单体的第二混合物，其中初始混合物和第二混合物的摩尔组成通过计算确定，已知的方式考虑到共聚物的所需摩尔组成和第三单体的较高的反应性。

6. 发明授权

US5486320A Method of depolarizing a ferroelectric material using electrical means and its application to obtain a ferroelectric material of reinforced dielectric strength 失效
标题翻译：使用电气装置对铁电材料进行去极化的方法及其在获得具有增强介电强度的铁电材料的应用中
公开(公告)号：US5486320A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-23
申请号：US177544
申请日：1994-01-05
申请人： Francois Bauer
发明人： Francois Bauer
IPC分类号： H01G7/02 , H01L37/02 , H01L41/45 , B29C71/04
CPC分类号： H01L41/45 , H01G7/023 , H01L37/02 , H01L41/257
摘要： An electrical procedure depolarizes completely or partially a ferroelectric material which had been polarized before in at least one of its regions. A low-frequency alternating electric field is applied to the material whose amplitude exceeds the coercive field E.sub.c and is then decreased step by step. In a preferred embodiment the selected maximum value is 1.3 times that of the coercive field E.sub.c. It is also possible to depolarize the material selectively so that there are polarized zones remaining. The procedure may be applied to produce materials for piezoelectric or pyroelectric transducers as well as to obtain materials with improved dielectric strength.
摘要翻译：电气程序完全或部分去极化之前在其至少一个区域中被极化的铁电材料。对振幅超过矫顽场Ec的材料施加低频交变电场，然后逐步降低。在优选实施例中，所选择的最大值是矫顽场Ec的1.3倍。也可以选择性地使材料去极化，使得存在偏振区域。该方法可以应用于制备用于压电或热释电换能器的材料，以及获得具有改善的介电强度的材料。

7. 发明授权

US4684337A Device for polarizing ferroelectric materials 失效
标题翻译：极化铁电材料的装置
公开(公告)号：US4684337A
公开(公告)日：1987-08-04
申请号：US891741
申请日：1986-07-30
申请人： Francois Bauer
发明人： Francois Bauer
IPC分类号： H01G7/02 , H01L41/45 , B29C71/04 , H04R17/00
CPC分类号： H01L41/45 , H01G7/02 , H01G7/023 , H01L41/257 , Y10T29/42
摘要： Means for polarizing ferroelectric materials up to a predetermined polarization level include the application of an electric field E to these materials. According to this method the ferroelectric material is subjected to an alternating electric field E, the frequency of which ranges from about 0.001 to 1 Hz, and which is made to increase gradually and in a cyclic way between 0.+-.E.sub.N, E.sub.N being slightly in excess of the coercive force E.sub.C of said material. Simultaneously, the intensity i of the current traversing the material (2) is measured as a function of the applied field (E) using a unit of visualization, until a stable curve i=f(E) is attained. The invention is particularly suitable for obtaining a stable polarization of ferroelectric polymers, copolymers, crystals, and polycrystals, with the objective of using the piezoelectric and/or pyroelectric properties of these materials.
摘要翻译：用于将铁电材料极化至预定偏振电平的装置包括向这些材料施加电场E. 根据该方法，铁电材料经受交变电场E，其频率范围为约0.001至1Hz，并且其逐渐增加并且以0 +/- EN之间的循环方式增加，EN略微超过所述材料的矫顽力EC。同时，使用可视化单位，测量横穿材料（2）的电流的强度i作为应用场（E）的函数，直到达到稳定曲线i = f（E）。本发明特别适用于获得铁电聚合物，共聚物，晶体和多晶体的稳定极化，目的是使用这些材料的压电和/或热电性能。

8. 发明授权

US07750098B2 Method of manufacturing vinylidene difluoride and trifluoroethylene-based dielectric copolymers 有权
标题翻译：亚乙烯基二氟化物和三氟乙烯基介电共聚物的制备方法
公开(公告)号：US07750098B2
公开(公告)日：2010-07-06
申请号：US11491161
申请日：2006-07-24
申请人： Christian Baras , Francois Bauer , Eric Fousson , Jean Blaise
发明人： Christian Baras , Francois Bauer , Eric Fousson , Jean Blaise
IPC分类号： C08F12/20
CPC分类号： C08F214/22 , C08F214/24
摘要： A method of manufacturing, by suspension polymerization, dielectric copolymers, including injecting an initial mixture of constituent monomers into an autoclave at constant temperature and pressure, wherein the mixture of constituent monomers including vinylidene difluoride (VDF), trifluoroethylene (TrFE), and a monomer 2 to 10 times more reactive than VDF and TrFE; and continuously reinjecting at constant pressure, as soon as the reaction is initiated and throughout the duration of polymerization, a second mixture of the constituent monomers, wherein the molar composition of the initial mixture and the second mixture are determined by calculation, in a manner known of itself, taking into account the desired molar composition of the copolymer and the higher reactivity of the third monomer.
摘要翻译：通过悬浮聚合制造介电共聚物的方法，包括将恒定温度和压力下的构成单体的初始混合物注入高压釜中，其中包括偏二氟乙烯（VDF），三氟乙烯（TrFE）和单体比VDF和TrFE反应性高2〜10倍; 并且在恒定压力下连续地注入，一旦反应开始并且在聚合的整个持续时间内，构成单体的第二混合物，其中初始混合物和第二混合物的摩尔组成通过计算确定，已知的方式考虑到共聚物的所需摩尔组成和第三单体的较高的反应性。

9. 发明授权

US10052904B2 Security document containing an authentication device 有权
公开(公告)号：US10052904B2
公开(公告)日：2018-08-21
申请号：US12444168
申请日：2007-10-04
申请人： Wayne Kevin Jackson , Francois Bauer
发明人： Wayne Kevin Jackson , Francois Bauer
IPC分类号： B42D15/00 , B42D15/10 , G09C3/00 , B42D25/415 , B42D25/364 , B42D25/455 , B42D25/29 , G07D7/181
CPC分类号： B42D25/415 , B42D25/29 , B42D25/364 , B42D25/455 , B42D2033/12 , B42D2033/26 , B42D2033/46 , G07D7/181 , Y10T29/49155
摘要： A flexible security document is provided which contains an authentication device including: a) source of electrical potential (5), the source including a piezoelectric polymeric material including at least one terpolymer of vinylidene fluoride (VDF), trifluoroethylene (TrFE) and a halogenated ethylene based monomer containing at least one non-fluorine halogen atom, the source of electrical potential being activated by mechanical deformation; b) reporter element (3) including a material capable of switching electrically between a first state and a second state, the difference between the first state and the second state being able to be perceived by an unaided human; and c) conducting elements (8) electrically connecting the source of electrical potential and the reporter element to produce an electric circuit. The reporter element (3) may take a number of different forms, such as a light emitting device which lights up or undergoes color change when activated by the source of electrical potential to provide an indication of authenticity. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the flexible security document is a banknote and the source of electrical potential is applied by printing.

10. 发明申请

US20140135464A1 METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TERPOLYMERS BASED ON VDF, TRFE AND CFE, OR CTFE 有权
标题翻译：基于VDF，TRFE和CFE或CTFE生产三聚物的方法
公开(公告)号：US20140135464A1
公开(公告)日：2014-05-15
申请号：US14047453
申请日：2013-10-07
申请人： Francois BAUER
发明人： Francois BAUER
IPC分类号： C08F14/22
CPC分类号： C08F14/22 , C08F214/18 , C08F214/22 , C08F214/26 , C08F2/18
摘要： A process for manufacturing terpolymers by polymerization of VDF (vinylidene difluoride), TrFE (trifluoroethylene), and CFE (1-chloro-1-fluoroethylene) or CTFE (chlorotrifluoroethylene) monomers in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, characterized in that: i) an initial mixture of VDF and of TrFE, free of CFE and of CTFE, is fed into an autoclave, ii) the initiator mixed with water is injected into the autoclave so as to achieve, inside the autoclave, a pressure at least equal to 80 bar, in order to form a suspension of VDF and TrFE monomers in water, iii) a secondary mixture constituted of VDF, TrFE and CFE or CTFE is injected into the autoclave, then iv) as soon as the polymerization reaction starts, said secondary mixture is reinjected continuously into the reactor, so as to maintain therein a constant pressure of at least 80 bar.
摘要翻译：一种在自由基聚合引发剂存在下通过VDF（亚乙烯基二氟化物），TrFE（三氟乙烯）和CFE（1-氯-1-氟乙烯）或CTFE（氯三氟乙烯）单体的聚合制备三元共聚物的方法，其特征在于：i ）将VDF和不含CFE和CTFE的TrFE的初始混合物进料到高压釜中，ii）将与水混合的引发剂注入高压釜中，以在高压釜内部达到至少等于 80巴，以形成VDF和TrFE单体在水中的悬浮液，iii）将由VDF，TrFE和CFE或CTFE构成的二次混合物注入高压釜中，然后iv）一旦聚合反应开始，所述次级将混合物连续地注入反应器，以便在其中保持至少80巴的恒定压力。

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