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1. 发明申请

US20120197547A1 Freeze Thaw Damage Resistance Testing for Cementitious Compositions 失效
标题翻译：水泥组合物的冻融耐损伤试验
公开(公告)号：US20120197547A1
公开(公告)日：2012-08-02
申请号：US13017647
申请日：2011-01-31
申请人： Frank S. Ong , James C. Smith , Eric Castner , Heather See , Paul L. Pridemore
发明人： Frank S. Ong , James C. Smith , Eric Castner , Heather See , Paul L. Pridemore
IPC分类号： G01N3/32 , G06F19/00
CPC分类号： G01N3/60 , G01N33/383
摘要： An apparatus and method for predicting freeze-thaw durability of a cementitious composition specimen including cycling the specimen below and above the freezing point of water contained in the specimen and identifying the contraction and/or expansion of the specimen during the cycling.
摘要翻译：一种用于预测水泥组合物试样的冻融耐久性的装置和方法，包括将试样的低于和高于试样内的水的凝固点循环，并鉴定循环期间试样的收缩和/或膨胀。

2. 发明申请

US20060148931A1 Rubber composition containing resinous nanoparticle 失效
标题翻译：含有树脂纳米粒子的橡胶组合物
公开(公告)号：US20060148931A1
公开(公告)日：2006-07-06
申请号：US11364162
申请日：2006-02-28
申请人： Feng Xie , Lei Zheng , Eric Castner
发明人： Feng Xie , Lei Zheng , Eric Castner
IPC分类号： C08L51/00 , C09D151/00
CPC分类号： B60C1/0016 , C08F220/14 , C08L21/00 , C08L25/00 , C08L33/08 , C08L33/18 , C08L33/20 , C08L35/06 , Y10T152/10495 , C08L2666/04 , C08L2666/24 , C08F2222/1013
摘要： This invention relates to a tread rubber composition for tires with the addition of crosslinked resinous nanoparticles having a high glass transition temperature (Tg) into elastomeric base polymers. The invention demonstrates greatly improved handling performance without deteriorating controllability and stability during high-speed running. The present invention more specifically discloses a tire which is comprised of a generally toroidal-shaped carcass with an outer circumferential tread, two spaced beads, at least one ply extending from bead to bead and sidewalls extending radially from and connecting said tread to said beads; wherein said tread is adapted to be ground-contacting; and wherein the tread is comprised of a rubber composition comprising: (1) a rubbery polymer; (2) from 1 to 30 parts per hundred parts of rubber by weight of pre-crosslinked polymer particles, wherein the pre-crosslinked polymer particles have a mean number average particle size as determined by light scattering which is within the range of 30 nm to 500 nm, wherein the pre-crosslinked polymer is comprised of repeat units that are derived from at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of acrylate monomers, acrylonitrile monomer, and vinyl halide monomers, wherein the pre-croslinked polymer is in the form of core-shell particles having a core and a shell, and wherein the pre-crosslinked polymer has a glass transition temperature which is within the range of 30° C. to 200° C.; and (3) 10 to 150 parts per hundred parts of rubber by weight of at least one filler selected from the group consisting of carbon black and silica.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及一种用于轮胎的胎面橡胶组合物，其中将具有高玻璃化转变温度（T g）的交联树脂纳米颗粒加入到弹性体基础聚合物中。本发明显着提高了处理性能，而不会降低高速运行时的可控性和稳定性。本发明更具体地公开了一种轮胎，其由具有外圆周胎面的大致环形胎体，两个间隔开的胎圈，从胎圈到胎圈延伸的至少一个帘布层以及从所述胎面径向延伸并将所述胎面连接到所述胎圈的轮胎; 其中所述胎面适于与地面接触; 并且其中所述胎面由橡胶组合物组成，所述橡胶组合物包含：（1）橡胶状聚合物; （2）预先交联的聚合物颗粒的重量比为每100份橡胶1至30份，其中预交联聚合物颗粒具有通过光散射确定的平均粒径，其在30nm至 500nm，其中所述预交联聚合物由衍生自至少一种选自丙烯酸酯单体，丙烯腈单体和乙烯基卤单体的单体的重复单元组成，其中所述预交联聚合物为具有核和壳的核 - 壳颗粒，并且其中所述预交联聚合物的玻璃化转变温度在30℃至200℃的范围内; 和（3）每100份橡胶重量为10至150份的至少一种选自碳黑和二氧化硅的填料。

3. 发明申请

US20050288393A1 Thermoplastic elastomer composition 有权
标题翻译：热塑性弹性体组合物
公开(公告)号：US20050288393A1
公开(公告)日：2005-12-29
申请号：US10875413
申请日：2004-06-24
申请人： John Lean , Manoj Ajbani , Eric Castner , Lei Zheng , Christopher Kiehl
发明人： John Lean , Manoj Ajbani , Eric Castner , Lei Zheng , Christopher Kiehl
IPC分类号： C08L83/00
CPC分类号： C08L51/003 , C08F257/00 , C08L23/10 , C08L53/025 , C08L2205/03 , C08F236/04 , C08L2666/02
摘要： A thermoplastic elastomer composition comprised of (a) a thermoplastic resin selected from the group consisting of polyphenylene ether, polypropylene, polyethylene, and polystyrene, (b) a block copolymer selected from the group consisting of styrene-ethylene butylene-styrene, styrene-ethylene propylene-styrene, hydrogenated polybutadiene, hydrogenated polyisoprene, hydrogenated styrene-isoprene random copolymer, styrene-ethylene propylene block copolymer, styrene-ethylene ethylene propylene-styrene and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene random copolymers, (c) a core-shell polymer comprised of a polymeric core and a polymeric shell with the proviso that the polymeric core and/or the polymeric shell may be crosslinked, and (d) an oil.
摘要翻译：一种热塑性弹性体组合物，其包含（a）选自聚苯醚，聚丙烯，聚乙烯和聚苯乙烯的热塑性树脂，（b）嵌段共聚物，其选自苯乙烯 - 乙烯 - 丁烯 - 苯乙烯，苯乙烯 - 乙烯丙烯 - 苯乙烯，氢化聚丁二烯，氢化聚异戊二烯，氢化苯乙烯 - 异戊二烯无规共聚物，苯乙烯 - 乙烯丙烯嵌段共聚物，苯乙烯 - 乙烯乙烯丙烯 - 苯乙烯和氢化苯乙烯 - 丁二烯无规共聚物，（c）聚合物芯和聚合物壳，条件是聚合物芯和/或聚合物壳可以是交联的，和（d）油。

4. 发明申请

US20050080187A1 Modified silane compounds 失效
标题翻译：改性硅烷化合物
公开(公告)号：US20050080187A1
公开(公告)日：2005-04-14
申请号：US10702822
申请日：2003-11-06
申请人： Daniel Bowen , Eric Castner
发明人： Daniel Bowen , Eric Castner
IPC分类号： C07F7/18 , C08K5/24
CPC分类号： C07F7/1804 , Y02P20/55
摘要： This invention relates to the reversible protection of hydroxy-silane functional groups by acid cleavable protecting groups. The development of reversible protecting groups greatly enhances the current utility of silanes while introducing further novel applications. For instance, reversibly protected silanes are of particular value in applications where room temperature cure and/or adhesion is of value, such as coatings, high resolution imaging, caulks, adhesives, sealents, gaskets, and silicones. Reversibly protected silanes can also be beneficially used in reticulating agents, and in sizing agents, tires, and release coatings. The incorporation of reversibly protected silanes into coating resins is of particular value. The reversibly protected silane can be incorporated into the coating resin by polymerizing a monomer containing the reversibly protected silane into the resin or by post-addition into the coating formulation. The reversibly protected silane remains protected under basic conditions, such as in a coating formulation that contains a volatile base, for instance ammonium hydroxide. However, deprotection occurs under mildly acidic conditions. Thus, as a coating formulation containing a volatile base dries the volatile base evaporates and deprotection occurs. This allows for controlled room temperature crosslinking to occur with hydroxy-functionalized polymers. The present invention more specifically discloses a silyl-acetal compound consisting of a silane having 3 or 4 acetal moieties bonded thereto.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过酸可裂解保护基团对羟基硅烷官能团的可逆保护。可逆保护基的发展大大提高了硅烷的当前用途，同时引入了进一步的新型应用。例如，可逆保护的硅烷在室温固化和/或粘合有价值的应用中是特别有价值的，例如涂料，高分辨率成像，填缝剂，粘合剂，密封剂，垫圈和硅酮。可逆保护的硅烷也可有利地用于网状剂，以及上浆剂，轮胎和脱模涂料中。将可逆保护的硅烷并入涂布树脂中是特别有价值的。可逆保护的硅烷可以通过将含有可逆保护的硅烷的单体聚合到树脂中或通过后添加到涂料配方中而被引入到涂料树脂中。可逆保护的硅烷在碱性条件下保持保护，例如在含有挥发性碱（例如氢氧化铵）的涂料配方中。然而，在弱酸性条件下发生脱保护。因此，当含有挥发性碱的涂料配方干燥时，挥发性碱蒸发并脱保护。这允许用羟基官能化的聚合物发生受控的室温交联。本发明更具体地公开了由与其键合的3或4个缩醛部分的硅烷组成的甲硅烷基缩醛化合物。

5. 发明申请

US20050075447A1 Modified silane compounds 失效
标题翻译：改性硅烷化合物
公开(公告)号：US20050075447A1
公开(公告)日：2005-04-07
申请号：US10696358
申请日：2003-10-29
申请人： Daniel Bowen , Eric Castner
发明人： Daniel Bowen , Eric Castner
IPC分类号： C07F7/18 , C08L1/00
CPC分类号： C07F7/1804 , Y02P20/55
摘要： This invention relates to the reversible protection of hydroxy-silane functional groups by acid cleavable protecting groups. The development of reversible protecting groups greatly enhances the current utility of silanes while introducing further novel applications. For instance, reversibly protected silanes are of particular value in applications where room temperature cure and/or adhesion is of value, such as coatings, high resolution imaging, caulks, adhesives, sealents, gaskets, and silicones. Reversibly protected silanes can also be beneficially used in reticulating agents, and in sizing agents, tires, and release coatings. The incorporation of reversibly protected silanes into coating resins is of particular value. The reversibly protected silane can be incorporated into the coating resin by polymerizing a monomer containing the reversibly protected silane into the resin or by post-addition into the coating formulation. The reversibly protected silane remains protected under basic conditions, such as in a coating formulation that contains a volatile base, for instance ammonium hydroxide. However, deprotection occurs under mildly acidic conditions. Thus, as a coating formulation containing a volatile base dries the volatile base evaporates and deprotection occurs. This allows for controlled room temperature crosslinking to occur with hydroxy-functionalized polymers. The present invention more specifically discloses a modified silane compound consisting of a silane having 3 or 4 acetal moieties bonded thereto.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过酸可裂解保护基团对羟基硅烷官能团的可逆保护。可逆保护基的发展大大提高了硅烷的当前用途，同时引入了进一步的新型应用。例如，可逆保护的硅烷在室温固化和/或粘合有价值的应用中是特别有价值的，例如涂料，高分辨率成像，填缝剂，粘合剂，密封剂，垫圈和硅酮。可逆保护的硅烷也可有利地用于网状剂，以及上浆剂，轮胎和脱模涂料中。将可逆保护的硅烷并入涂布树脂中是特别有价值的。可逆保护的硅烷可以通过将含有可逆保护的硅烷的单体聚合到树脂中或通过后添加到涂料制剂中而被引入到涂料树脂中。可逆保护的硅烷在碱性条件下保持保护，例如在含有挥发性碱（例如氢氧化铵）的涂料配方中。然而，在弱酸性条件下发生脱保护。因此，当含有挥发性碱的涂料配方干燥时，挥发性碱蒸发并脱保护。这允许用羟基官能化聚合物发生受控的室温交联。本发明更具体地公开了由具有3或4个缩醛部分键合的硅烷组成的改性硅烷化合物。

6. 发明申请

US20070004845A1 Tire tread containing core-shell particles 有权
标题翻译：包含核 - 壳颗粒的轮胎胎面
公开(公告)号：US20070004845A1
公开(公告)日：2007-01-04
申请号：US11170912
申请日：2005-06-30
申请人： Ping Zhang , Lei Zheng , Feng Xie , Eric Castner
发明人： Ping Zhang , Lei Zheng , Feng Xie , Eric Castner
IPC分类号： C08K3/04
CPC分类号： C08F279/02 , B60C1/0016 , C08K3/04 , C08L9/06 , C08L51/04 , C08L2666/24 , C08L2666/02 , C08L2666/04
摘要： This invention is based upon the discovered that crosslinked core-shell particles can be used as a filler in low cost emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber (ESBR) with excellent results being attained. In fact, such core-shell particle filled ESBR exhibits performance similar to silica filled solution styrene-butadiene rubber (SSBR) in terms of dynamic response, Payne effect, rebound and tan δ at 0° C. and 100° C. The utilization of such crosslinked core-shell particles in rubber compounds offers the additional advantage of weight reduction since the core-shell particles are significantly less dense than carbon black or silica fillers. The use of the crosslinked core-shell polymers of this invention in rubber formulations in place of silica also offers the advantage of not needing any expensive silane coupling agents to attain required levels of polymer/filler interaction. Accordingly, no silane coupling agent is used in the rubber compounds of this invention which leads to reduced cost. Cost can be further reduced by virtue of the fact that compound mixing conditions can be substantially relaxed as compared to mixing silica containing rubber formulations. The present invention more specifically discloses A rubbery composition which is comprised of (1) an emulsion styrene-butadiene rubber, (2) carbon black, and (3) core-shell particles, wherein the core-shell particles are comprised of (a) a crosslinked elastomeric core comprised of repeat units that are derived from at least one diolefin monomer, and (b) a polymeric shell which is derived from at least one vinyl aromatic monomer.
摘要翻译：本发明基于发现交联的核 - 壳颗粒可以用作低成本乳液丁苯橡胶（ESBR）中的填料，并获得优异的结果。事实上，这种核 - 壳颗粒填充的ESBR在0°C和100°C的动态响应，Payne效应，回弹和tanδ方面表现出与二氧化硅填充溶液苯乙烯 - 丁二烯橡胶（SSBR）相似的性能。橡胶化合物中的这种交联的核 - 壳颗粒提供了减轻重量的另外的优点，因为核 - 壳颗粒比炭黑或二氧化硅填料密度明显更低。在橡胶配方中使用本发明的交联的核 - 壳聚合物代替二氧化硅也提供了不需要任何昂贵的硅烷偶联剂来获得所需水平的聚合物/填料相互作用的优点。因此，本发明的橡胶化合物中不使用硅烷偶联剂，导致成本降低。与混合含二氧化硅的橡胶配方相比，由于化合物混合条件可以基本上松弛，所以可以进一步降低成本。本发明更具体地公开了一种橡胶组合物，其包含（1）乳液丁苯橡胶，（2）炭黑和（3）核 - 壳颗粒，其中核 - 壳颗粒由（a）组成，由衍生自至少一种二烯单体的重复单元组成的交联弹性芯，和（b）衍生自至少一种乙烯基芳族单体的聚合物壳。

7. 发明申请

US20060178476A1 Modified gel particles and rubber composition 失效
公开(公告)号：US20060178476A1
公开(公告)日：2006-08-10
申请号：US11391596
申请日：2006-03-28
申请人： Eric Castner , Lei Zheng , Feng Xie , Ping Zhang
发明人： Eric Castner , Lei Zheng , Feng Xie , Ping Zhang
IPC分类号： C08L51/04 , C08L53/00
CPC分类号： C08L51/04 , C08F279/02 , C08L9/06 , Y10S525/902 , Y10T428/2982 , Y10T428/2989 , C08L2666/24 , C08L2666/02 , C08L2666/04
摘要： This invention discloses a process for synthesizing a modified crosslinked elastomeric particle which comprises a two-step polymerization of a conjugated diolefin monomer and a vinyl aromatic monomer by emulsion polymerization, wherein the particle is synthesized by the steps of (1) polymerizing a conjugated diolefin monomer, alone or in combination with a vinyl aromatic monomer, and optionally a crosslinking monomer, to create a crosslinked elastomeric core having residual double bonds and an outer surface; (2) polymerizing a monomer of a vinyl aromatic monomer, alone or in combination with a diolefin monomer, to create a polymeric shell, wherein the polymeric shell is grafted to the outer surface of the polymeric core by reacting with the residual double bonds of the polymeric core; and (3) coagulating the core-shell emulsion latex solution to recover the particles.

8. 发明申请

US20060141150A1 Core-shell particles synthesized through controlled free radical polymerization 失效
标题翻译：通过控制自由基聚合合成的核 - 壳颗粒
公开(公告)号：US20060141150A1
公开(公告)日：2006-06-29
申请号：US11023868
申请日：2004-12-27
申请人： Lei Zheng , John Lean , Eric Castner , Thierry Florent Materne , Dane Parker , Frank Feher
发明人： Lei Zheng , John Lean , Eric Castner , Thierry Florent Materne , Dane Parker , Frank Feher
IPC分类号： B01J13/02
CPC分类号： C08F279/02 , C08F257/02 , C08F291/00 , C08F2/38
摘要： The present invention discloses a process for producing a core-shell polymer that comprises: (1) preparing a monomer solution which is comprised of (a) at least one monomer, optional one crosslinking monomer (b) a conjugate acid of a surfactant with a pKa of less than 14, and (c) a controlled free radical polymerization agent; (2) preparing an aqueous medium which is comprised of (a) water, and (b) a conjugate base of a weak acid wherein the pKb of the base is less than 14; and (3) mixing the monomer solution with the aqueous medium under conditions that result in the in-situ formation of an emulsifier to produce a polymerization medium, and (4) initiating free radical polymerization within the polymerization medium to produce a core polymer, wherein the core contains a free radical control agents, (5) adding a second monomer to the polymerization medium containing the core polymer, and (6) allowing polymerization to proceed in the presence of the free radical control agent to produce the core-shell polymer.
摘要翻译：本发明公开了一种制备核 - 壳聚合物的方法，其包括：（1）制备单体溶液，该单体溶液由（a）至少一种单体，任选的一种交联单体（b）表面活性剂的共轭酸与 pKa小于14，（c）受控自由基聚合剂; （2）制备由（a）水和（b）弱酸的共轭碱组成的水性介质，其中碱的pKb小于14; 和（3）在导致乳化剂原位形成以产生聚合介质的条件下将单体溶液与水性介质混合，和（4）在聚合介质内引发自由基聚合以制备芯聚合物，其中核心包含自由基控制剂，（5）在含有核聚合物的聚合介质中加入第二单体，和（6）在自由基控制剂的存在下使聚合进行以制备核 - 壳聚合物。

9. 发明申请

US20060116473A1 Modified gel particles and rubber composition 失效
标题翻译：改性凝胶颗粒和橡胶组合物
公开(公告)号：US20060116473A1
公开(公告)日：2006-06-01
申请号：US10999406
申请日：2004-11-30
申请人： Eric Castner , Lei Zheng , Feng Xie , Ping Zhang
发明人： Eric Castner , Lei Zheng , Feng Xie , Ping Zhang
IPC分类号： C08L51/04 , C08L53/00
CPC分类号： C08L51/04 , C08F279/02 , C08L9/06 , Y10S525/902 , Y10T428/2982 , Y10T428/2989 , C08L2666/24 , C08L2666/02 , C08L2666/04
摘要： This invention discloses a process for synthesizing a modified crosslinked elastomeric particle which comprises a two-step polymerization of a conjugated diolefin monomer and a vinyl aromatic monomer by emulsion polymerization, wherein the particle is synthesized by the steps of (1) polymerizing a conjugated diolefin monomer, alone or in combination with a vinyl aromatic monomer, and optionally a crosslinking monomer, to create a crosslinked elastomeric core having residual double bonds and an outer surface; (2) polymerizing a monomer of a vinyl aromatic monomer, alone or in combination with a diolefin monomer, to create a polymeric shell, wherein the polymeric shell is grafted to the outer surface of the polymeric core by reacting with the residual double bonds of the polymeric core; and (3) coagulating the core-shell emulsion latex solution to recover the particles.
摘要翻译：本发明公开了一种合成改性交联弹性体颗粒的方法，该方法包括通过乳液聚合对共轭二烯烃单体和乙烯基芳族单体进行两步聚合，其中所述颗粒通过以下步骤合成：（1）将共轭二烯单体单独或与乙烯基芳族单体和任选的交联单体组合以产生具有残留双键和外表面的交联弹性体芯; （2）单独或与二烯单体组合聚合乙烯基芳族单体的单体以产生聚合物壳，其中聚合物壳通过与聚合物壳的残余双键反应而接枝到聚合物芯的外表面聚合物芯; 和（3）凝结核 - 壳乳液胶乳溶液以回收颗粒。

10. 发明申请

US20050203248A1 Hairy polymeric nanoparticles 失效
标题翻译：毛状聚合物纳米粒子
公开(公告)号：US20050203248A1
公开(公告)日：2005-09-15
申请号：US11072986
申请日：2005-03-05
申请人： Lei Zheng , Eric Castner , Thierry Edme Materne
发明人： Lei Zheng , Eric Castner , Thierry Edme Materne
IPC分类号： C08L51/00
CPC分类号： C08F257/02 , C08C1/15 , C08F6/22 , C08F236/06 , C08L51/00
摘要： This invention discloses a process for synthesizing a hairy polymer particle which comprises the steps of (1) polymerizing a vinyl aromatic monomer by emulsion polymerization in an aqueous medium to produce core particles, (2) recovering the core particles from the aqueous medium, (3) dispersing the core particles in an organic solvent, (4) adding an organo-lithium compound to the dried core particles in the organic solvent to produce the hairless core initiator, and (5) utilizing the hairless core initiator to initiate the anionic polymerization of a conjugated diolefin monomer in an organic solvent to produce a solution of the hairy polymer particles. The hairy polymer nanoparticles can then be recovered from the organic solvent. These hairy polymer particles are comprised of (1) a core which is comprised of a polymer of a vinyl aromatic monomer and (2) hairs which are polymer chains of a conjugated diolefin monomer, wherein the hairs are covalently bonded to the core. The core is typically spherical in shape, has a diameter of less than 1000 nm, and is comprised of a crosslinked polymer of a vinyl aromatic monomer. The hairy polymer particles of this invention are useful as fillers in rubber compositions used in making articles of manufacture, such as tires, hoses, power transmission belts, windshield wiper blades, and the like.
摘要翻译：本发明公开了一种合成毛状聚合物颗粒的方法，其包括以下步骤：（1）通过乳液聚合在水性介质中聚合乙烯基芳族单体以产生核心颗粒，（2）从水介质中回收芯颗粒，（3 ）将核心颗粒分散在有机溶剂中，（4）将有机锂化合物加入到有机溶剂中的干燥芯颗粒中以制备无毛芯引发剂，和（5）利用无毛芯引发剂引发阴离子聚合共轭二烯单体在有机溶剂中以产生毛状聚合物颗粒的溶液。然后可以从有机溶剂中回收毛状聚合物纳米颗粒。这些毛发聚合物颗粒包括（1）由乙烯基芳族单体的聚合物组成的芯和（2）作为共轭二烯烃单体的聚合物链的毛发，其中毛发共价键合到芯上。芯通常为球形，直径小于1000nm，并且由乙烯基芳族单体的交联聚合物组成。本发明的毛发聚合物颗粒可用作用于制造制品的橡胶组合物中的填料，例如轮胎，软管，动力传动带，挡风玻璃刮水器等。

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