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1. 发明授权

US06501551B1 Fiber optic imaging endoscope interferometer with at least one faraday rotator 失效
标题翻译：具有至少一个法拉第旋转器的光纤成像内窥镜干涉仪
公开(公告)号：US06501551B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-31
申请号：US09414293
申请日：1999-10-05
申请人： Guillermo Tearney , Stephen A. Boppart , Brett E. Bouma , Mark Brezinski , Eric A. Swanson , James G. Fujimoto
发明人： Guillermo Tearney , Stephen A. Boppart , Brett E. Bouma , Mark Brezinski , Eric A. Swanson , James G. Fujimoto
IPC分类号： G01B902
CPC分类号： G11B7/005 , A61B1/00096 , A61B1/00172 , A61B1/00183 , A61B3/1005 , A61B3/102 , A61B5/0064 , A61B5/0066 , A61B5/0084 , A61B5/445 , A61B5/6852 , A61B2562/0242 , B82Y15/00 , G01B9/02002 , G01B9/02004 , G01B9/02007 , G01B9/0201 , G01B9/0205 , G01B9/02091 , G01B11/00 , G01B11/026 , G01B11/12 , G01B11/2441 , G01B2290/65 , G01B2290/70 , G01J1/00 , G01N21/4795 , G11B7/127 , G11B7/24 , G11B2007/0013 , H01S5/141
摘要： An imaging system for performing optical coherence tomography includes an optical radiation source; a reference optical reflector; a first optical path leading to the reference optical reflector; and a second optical path coupled to an endoscopic unit. The endoscopic unit preferably includes an elongated housing defining a bore; a rotatable single mode optical fiber having a proximal end and a distal end positioned within and extending the length of the bore of the elongated housing; and an optical system coupled to the distal end of the rotatable single mode optical fiber, positioned to transmit the optical radiation from the single mode optical fiber to the structure and to transmit reflected optical radiation from the structure to the single mode optical fiber. The system further includes a beam divider dividing the optical radiation from the optical radiation source along the first optical path to the reflector and along the second optical path; and a detector positioned to receive reflected optical radiation from the reflector transmitted along the first optical path and reflected optical radiation transmitted from the structure along the second optical path. The detector generates a signal in response to the reflected optical radiation from the reference reflector and the reflected optical radiation from the structure, and a processor generating a image of the structure in response to the signal from the detector. The system provides both rotational and longitudinal scanning of an image.
摘要翻译：用于执行光学相干断层摄影的成像系统包括光辐射源; 参考光学反射器; 通向参考光反射器的第一光路; 以及耦合到内窥镜单元的第二光路。内窥镜单元优选地包括限定孔的细长壳体; 可旋转的单模光纤，其具有定位在所述细长壳体的所述孔的长度内并延伸所述细长壳体的所述孔的长度的近端和远端; 以及耦合到可旋转单模光纤的远端的光学系统，定位成将光辐射从单模光纤传输到结构，并将反射的光辐射从结构传输到单模光纤。该系统还包括一个光束分配器，将沿着第一光路的光辐射源的光辐射分成沿着第二光路; 以及检测器，其被定位成接收来自沿着第一光路传输的反射器的反射光辐射以及沿着第二光路从结构传输的反射光辐射。检测器响应于来自参考反射器的反射光辐射和来自结构的反射光辐射产生信号，以及响应于来自检测器的信号产生结构图像的处理器。该系统提供图像的旋转和纵向扫描。

2. 发明授权

US06433904B1 Method and apparatus for improving transmission performance over wavelength division multiplexed optical communication links using forward error correction coding 有权
标题翻译：用于使用前向纠错编码改善波分复用光通信链路的传输性能的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06433904B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-13
申请号：US09361927
申请日：1999-07-27
申请人： Eric A. Swanson , Richard Barry , Murat Azizoglu
发明人： Eric A. Swanson , Richard Barry , Murat Azizoglu
IPC分类号： H04J1402
CPC分类号： H04B10/07953 , H04J14/02 , H04J14/0226 , H04J14/0246 , H04J14/0279 , H04L1/0041 , H04L1/22
摘要： Data transmission apparatus includes first and second optical transmitters coupled to an optical link. A forward error correction (FEC) coder is coupled to the input of the second optical transmitter. A first information signal having a first information rate is provided to the first optical transmitter, and a second information signal having a second information rate is provided to the second optical transmitter. The use of the FEC coder enables the second information signal to have a higher information rate than the first information signal, while simultaneously enabling the respective output power levels of the first and second optical amplifiers to be substantially equal. The data transmission apparatus achieves higher data transmission capacity while retaining compatibility with pre-existing fiber spans and amplifier nodes. An optical transmission system incorporates an optical transmitter and an optical receiver having certain transmission characteristics, such as output power level, decision threshold level, etc., that are adjustable in response to bit error rate information. A bit error rate estimator is provided at the receiving end of the optical link. The bit error rate estimator estimates the bit error rate of the received information signal, and provides bit error rate information to the optical receiver, and/or the optical transmitter, and/or the optical link, based on the estimated bit error rate, in order to optimize the performance of the transmission system.
摘要翻译：数据传输装置包括耦合到光链路的第一和第二光发射机。前向纠错（FEC）编码器耦合到第二光发射机的输入端。具有第一信息速率的第一信息信号被提供给第一光发射机，并且具有第二信息速率的第二信息信号被提供给第二光发射机。 FEC编码器的使用使得第二信息信号具有比第一信息信号更高的信息速率，同时使第一和第二光放大器的相应输出功率电平基本相等。数据传输设备实现更高的数据传输能力，同时保持与现有光纤跨度和放大器节点的兼容性。光传输系统包括具有可响应于误码率信息可调的特定传输特性（例如输出功率电平，判定阈值电平等）的光发射机和光接收机。在光链路的接收端提供误码率估计器。比特误码率估计器估计接收到的信息信号的误比特率，并且基于估计的误码率向光接收机和/或光发射机和/或光链路提供误码率信息，以优化传输系统的性能。

3. 发明授权

US5465147A Method and apparatus for acquiring images using a ccd detector array and no transverse scanner 失效
标题翻译：使用ccd检测器阵列并且没有横向扫描器来获取图像的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5465147A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-07
申请号：US253059
申请日：1994-06-02
申请人： Eric A. Swanson
发明人： Eric A. Swanson
IPC分类号： A61B3/10 , A61B3/12 , A61B5/00 , A61B5/103 , G01B9/02 , G01B11/00 , G01B11/24 , G01J1/00 , G01J9/02 , G01N21/47 , G02B5/18 , G02B27/44 , G11B7/00 , H01S5/14
CPC分类号： A61B5/0066 , A61B1/00183 , A61B3/1005 , A61B3/102 , A61B3/1225 , A61B5/0068 , A61B5/6852 , G01B11/00 , G01B11/2441 , G01B9/02002 , G01B9/02019 , G01B9/02027 , G01B9/02091 , G01J1/00 , G01J9/02 , G01N21/4795 , G02B5/1828 , A61B2562/0242 , A61B5/441 , G01B2290/35 , G01B2290/45 , G11B2007/0013 , H01S5/141
摘要： An apparatus and method for acquiring an at least one dimensional digital image of a region of an object using an optical source which outputs a first optical beam having a short coherence length. A splitter splits the first optical beam into a reference beam and an object beam. The reference beam travels to a reference scatterer and the object beam is directed toward the region of the object. An array detector such as a charge coupled device receives a portion of the object beam and a portion of the reference beam and detects the resulting incident intensity over the at least one dimension and outputs a signal. Since the coherence length of the source is short, the signal output from the detector array corresponds to one or more dimensional slice of the object which represents the above region.
摘要翻译：一种用于使用输出具有短相干长度的第一光束的光源来获取对象区域的至少一维数字图像的装置和方法。分束器将第一光束分成参考光束和物体光束。参考光束行进到参考散射体，并且物体光束指向物体的区域。诸如电荷耦合器件的阵列检测器接收目标光束的一部分和参考光束的一部分，并在至少一个维度上检测所得到的入射强度并输出信号。由于源的相干长度短，从检测器阵列输出的信号对应于表示上述区域的物体的一个或多个维度切片。

4. 发明授权

US5459570A Method and apparatus for performing optical measurements 失效
标题翻译：用于执行光学测量的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5459570A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-17
申请号：US33194
申请日：1993-03-16
申请人： Eric A. Swanson , David Huang , James G. Fujimoto , Carmen A. Puliafito , Charles P. Lin , Joseph S. Schuman
发明人： Eric A. Swanson , David Huang , James G. Fujimoto , Carmen A. Puliafito , Charles P. Lin , Joseph S. Schuman
IPC分类号： A61B1/00 , A61B3/10 , A61B3/12 , A61B5/00 , A61B5/103 , A61B10/00 , G01B9/02 , G01B11/00 , G01B11/06 , G01B11/24 , G01J1/00 , G01N21/17 , G01N21/47 , G02B5/18 , G02B27/44 , G11B7/00 , H01S5/14 , G01D9/02
CPC分类号： G02B26/0875 , A61B1/00096 , A61B1/00172 , A61B1/00183 , A61B3/102 , A61B5/0064 , A61B5/0066 , A61B5/0068 , A61B5/0084 , A61B5/6852 , B82Y15/00 , G01B11/00 , G01B11/2441 , G01B9/02002 , G01B9/0201 , G01B9/02019 , G01B9/02027 , G01B9/02063 , G01B9/02087 , G01B9/0209 , G01J1/00 , G01N21/4795 , G02B26/103 , G02B5/1828 , A61B2562/0242 , A61B5/441 , G01B2290/45 , G01B2290/65 , G01B2290/70 , G11B2007/0013 , H01S5/141
摘要： A method and apparatus for performing various optical measurements is provided utilizing an optical coherence domain refrectometer (OCDR). A short coherence optical radiation source applies optical radiation through like optical paths to a sample and an optical reflector. The optical reflector is movable in accordance with a predetermined velocity profile to permit interferometric scanning of the sample, the resulting output having a Doppler shift frequency modulation. This output may be demodulated and detected to obtain desired measurements and other information. Additional information may be obtained by applying radiation from two or more sources at different wavelengths to the sample and reflector and by separately demodulating the resulting outputs before processing. Birefringent information may be obtained by polarizing the optical radiation used, by suitably modifying the polarization in the sample and reference paths and by dividing the output into orthogonal polarization outputs which are separately demodulated before processing.
摘要翻译：使用光学相干域反射计（OCDR）提供用于执行各种光学测量的方法和装置。短相干光辐射源通过相同的光路将光辐射施加到样品和光反射器。光学反射器可以根据预定的速度分布移动以允许样本的干涉扫描，所得到的输出具有多普勒频移调制。该输出可以被解调和检测以获得期望的测量和其他信息。可以通过将不同波长的两个或更多个源的辐射施加到样品和反射器并且在处理之前单独解调所得到的输出来获得附加信息。双折射信息可以通过对所采用的光辐射进行极化，通过适当地修改样本和参考路径中的极化，并将输出划分为在处理之前被单独解调的正交偏振输出。

5. 发明授权

US09680567B2 Fault localization and fiber security in optical transponders 有权
公开(公告)号：US09680567B2
公开(公告)日：2017-06-13
申请号：US13410896
申请日：2012-03-02
申请人： Eric A. Swanson , Graeme Pendock
发明人： Eric A. Swanson , Graeme Pendock
IPC分类号： H04B10/07
CPC分类号： H04B10/0705
摘要： Designs, methods, and applications for fault localization and fiber security in optical transponders is described. In one embodiment a two-way time transfer protocol or other suitable method for synchronizing clocks between distant transponders is used. The clock synchronized transponders have digital signal processing to continually detect high precision time-histories of physical layer attributes in the transmission between the two transponders. Physical layer attributes can include: state-of-polarization changes, changes in polarization-mode-dispersion, change in propagation delay, changes or loss-of-light, changes in OSNR, changes in BER between the two nodes. By recording these physical layer changes and time-stamping them information on the magnitude and estimated location of the changes can be inferred by from the time records. In one aspect the method may be used in a distributed optical sensor for monitoring trespassing events that are a risk to fiber security of an optical transmission link.

6. 发明授权

US06891984B2 Scanning miniature optical probes with optical distortion correction and rotational control 有权
公开(公告)号：US06891984B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-10
申请号：US10205374
申请日：2002-07-25
申请人： Christopher L. Petersen , Edward I. McNamara , Ronald B. Lamport , Michael Atlas , Joseph M. Schmitt , Paul Magnin , Eric A. Swanson
发明人： Christopher L. Petersen , Edward I. McNamara , Ronald B. Lamport , Michael Atlas , Joseph M. Schmitt , Paul Magnin , Eric A. Swanson
IPC分类号： G02B23/26 , A61B1/00 , A61B5/00 , G02B23/24 , G02B6/00
CPC分类号： G02B23/2407 , A61B5/0066 , A61B5/0084 , A61B5/6852 , G01B9/0205 , G01B9/02091
摘要： Optical probes having a diameter less than substantially 500 μm for use in scanning light from a long, highly flexible fiber to a sample. In one embodiment the probe includes a viscous damping fluid suitable to prevent non-uniform rotational distortion (NURD).

7. 发明授权

US06580531B1 Method and apparatus for in circuit biasing and testing of a modulated laser and optical receiver in a wavelength division multiplexing optical transceiver board 失效
标题翻译：用于波分复用光收发器板中的调制激光和光接收机的电路偏置和测试的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06580531B1
公开(公告)日：2003-06-17
申请号：US09475836
申请日：1999-12-30
申请人： Eric A. Swanson , Ruo Ding Li
发明人： Eric A. Swanson , Ruo Ding Li
IPC分类号： H04B1004
CPC分类号： H04B10/504 , H01S5/0014 , H01S5/02 , H01S5/0201 , H04B10/564 , H04B10/572
摘要： A method and apparatus for in-circuit biasing of a modulated laser and bit error rate testing of an optical transmitter and/or optical receiver under the control of a test controller. The test controller is communicably coupled to an interface of a module under test, as well as to external test equipment. The test controller modifies operational parameters of the modulated laser, in order to obtain a desired output power and to obtain a predetermined extinction ratio. The operational parameters of the laser include a laser bias current, an electro-absorption modulator offset bias current and a modulation depth. The disclosed test controller also determines whether the optical transmitter and/or receiver exhibit acceptable bit error rates. The disclosed test controller uses a variable optical attenuator, in combination with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) to control an optical signal to noise ratio for a signal terminating at either the transmitter or the receiver of the optical transceiver under test. The system measures a number of relatively low bit error rates corresponding to a number of generated signal to noise ratios and, based upon the measured values, projects a signal to noise ratio for a relatively low bit error rate so as to avoid the long period of time necessary to perform actual testing to acquire bit error rate information at high optical signal to noise ratios.
摘要翻译：用于在测试控制器的控制下对调制激光器进行在线偏置和光发射器和/或光接收机的误码率测试的方法和装置。测试控制器可通信地耦合到被测模块的接口以及外部测试设备。测试控制器修改调制激光器的操作参数，以获得期望的输出功率并获得预定的消光比。激光器的操作参数包括激光偏置电流，电吸收调制器偏移偏置电流和调制深度。所公开的测试控制器还确定光发送器和/或接收器是否呈现可接受的误码率。所公开的测试控制器使用与掺铒光纤放大器（EDFA）组合的可变光衰减器来控制终止在被测光收发器的发射机或接收机处的信号的光信噪比。该系统测量对应于产生的信噪比的数量的相对较低的比特错误率的数量，并且基于测量值针对相对低的比特误码率投射信噪比，以避免长时间执行实际测试以获得高光信噪比的误码率信息所需的时间。

8. 发明授权

US06552797B2 Freezing point measurement with OCDR and OCT technology 失效
公开(公告)号：US06552797B2
公开(公告)日：2003-04-22
申请号：US09907892
申请日：2001-07-13
申请人： Eric A. Swanson
发明人： Eric A. Swanson
IPC分类号： G01B902
CPC分类号： G01N21/4795
摘要： An invention pertaining to the measurement of the freezing point of substances using OCDR and OCT.technology.

9. 发明授权

US06485413B1 Methods and apparatus for forward-directed optical scanning instruments 失效
标题翻译：用于前向光学扫描仪器的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06485413B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-26
申请号：US09036283
申请日：1998-03-06
申请人： Stephen A. Boppart , Gary J. Tearney , Brett E. Bouma , Mark E. Brezinski , James G. Fujimoto , Eric A. Swanson
发明人： Stephen A. Boppart , Gary J. Tearney , Brett E. Bouma , Mark E. Brezinski , James G. Fujimoto , Eric A. Swanson
IPC分类号： A61B106
CPC分类号： G01B9/0201 , A61B1/00096 , A61B1/00172 , A61B1/00183 , A61B1/00188 , A61B1/002 , A61B1/043 , A61B1/07 , A61B3/102 , A61B5/0064 , A61B5/0066 , A61B5/0071 , A61B5/0075 , A61B5/0084 , A61B5/415 , A61B5/417 , A61B5/418 , A61B5/444 , A61B5/6852 , A61B2562/0242 , G01B9/02022 , G01B9/0205 , G01B9/02063 , G01B9/02091 , G01B11/00 , G01B11/026 , G01B11/12 , G01B11/2441 , G01B2290/65 , G01N21/4795 , G02B5/1828 , G02B27/4227 , G11B7/005 , G11B7/08564 , G11B7/127 , G11B7/1353 , G11B7/24 , G11B2007/0013 , H01S5/141
摘要： An imaging system for performing forward scanning imaging for application to therapeutic and diagnostic devises used in medical procedures. The imaging system includes forward directed optical coherence tomography (OCT), and non-retroreflected forward scanning OCT. Also interferometric imaging and ranging techniques and fluorescent, Raman, two-photon, and diffuse wave imaging can be used. The forward scanning mechanisms include a cam attached to a motor, pneumatic devices, a pivoting device, piezoelectric transducers, electrostatic driven slides for substantially transverse scanning; counter-rotating prisms, and offset lenses are used for arbitrary scanning. The imaging system of the invention is applied to hand held probes including probes integrated with surgical probes, scalpels, scissors, forceps and biopsy instruments. Hand held probes include forward scanning lasers. The imaging system is also applicable to laparoscopes and endoscopes for diagnostc and therapeutic intervention in body orifices, canals, tubes, ducts, vessels and cavities of the body. The imaging system includes application to surgical and high numerical aperture microscopes. An important application of the invention is implantation of the optical probe for periodic or continuous extraction of information from the tissue site where implanted.
摘要翻译：用于执行向前扫描成像以用于医疗程序中使用的治疗和诊断设备的成像系统。成像系统包括前向光学相干断层扫描（OCT）和非逆向前向扫描OCT。还可以使用干涉成像和测距技术以及荧光，拉曼，双光子和漫射波成像。前向扫描机构包括附接到马达的凸轮，气动装置，枢转装置，压电换能器，用于基本上横向扫描的静电驱动滑块; 反向旋转棱镜和偏移透镜用于任意扫描。本发明的成像系统应用于手持式探针，其包括与外科手术探针，解剖刀，剪刀，镊子和活检器械集成的探针。手持式探头包括正向扫描激光器。成像系统还适用于腹腔镜和内窥镜，用于身体孔，运河，管道，管道，血管和身体腔内的诊断和治疗干预。成像系统包括应用于手术和高数值孔径显微镜。本发明的重要应用是植入用于从植入的组织部位周期性或连续地提取信息的光学探针。

10. 发明授权

US6160826A Method and apparatus for performing optical frequency domain reflectometry 失效
标题翻译：用于执行光频域反射测量的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US6160826A
公开(公告)日：2000-12-12
申请号：US330804
申请日：1999-06-11
申请人： Eric A. Swanson , Stephen R. Chinn
发明人： Eric A. Swanson , Stephen R. Chinn
IPC分类号： A61B3/10 , A61B5/103 , G01B9/02 , G01B11/24 , G01J1/00 , G01N21/47 , G02B5/18 , G02B27/44 , G11B7/00 , H01S3/08 , H01S3/081 , H01S3/083 , H01S5/0625 , H01S5/12 , H01S5/14 , H01S3/10 , H01S3/13 , H01S3/30
CPC分类号： A61B5/0066 , A61B1/00183 , A61B3/1005 , A61B3/102 , A61B5/0062 , A61B5/0064 , A61B5/441 , A61B5/7225 , A61B2562/0242 , B82Y35/00 , G01B9/02004 , G01B9/02045 , G01B9/02069 , G01B9/02072 , G01B9/02091 , G01B11/2441 , G01J1/00 , G01N21/4795 , G02B5/1828 , G02B27/4244 , G11B2007/0013 , H01S3/08009 , H01S3/0812 , H01S3/083 , H01S5/06255 , H01S5/1215 , H01S5/141 , H01S5/143 , H01S5/146
摘要： Method of performing OFDR on a sample comprising steps of: providing an external-cavity frequency-tuned laser having an optical cavity of effective length; tuning the laser to generate a change in wavelength; changing the effective length of the optical cavity proportionally to the change in wavelength so as to tune the longitudinal cavity mode frequency at the same rate as the wavelength is changed; directing light from the laser onto the sample; receiving light reflected from the sample; combining light reflected from the sample with light from the external-cavity frequency-tuned laser; detecting the combined light and generating a beat signal in response thereto; and performing digital signal processing to extract spatial information about the sample in response to the detected beat signal. An OFDR system is also disclosed comprising: a laser comprising an output port; an optical ring having a round trip time, a center frequency and a broad-bandwidth gain medium; a wavelength selecting device in optical communication with the gain medium; a frequency shifter in optical communication with the gain medium and the wavelength selecting device; and an optical coupler in optical communication with the optical gain medium, the wavelength selecting device, and the frequency shifter. The optical coupler couples light from the optical ring to the output port, wherein the wavelength selecting device tunes the center wavelength at a rate equal to the incremental change in frequency caused by the frequency shifter divided by the round trip time of the optical ring thereby providing nearly continuous frequency sweep.
摘要翻译：在样品上执行OFDR的方法，包括以下步骤：提供具有有效长度的光腔的外腔频率调谐激光器; 调谐激光器以产生波长变化; 将光腔的有效长度与波长的变化成比例地变化，以便以与波长变化相同的速率调节纵向腔模式频率; 将来自激光的光引导到样品上; 接收从样品反射的光; 将来自样品的光反射的光与来自外腔频率调谐的激光的光组合; 检测组合光并响应于此产生拍频信号; 以及执行数字信号处理以响应于检测到的拍频信号提取关于样本的空间信息。还公开了一种OFDR系统，包括：激光器，包括输出端口; 具有往返时间的光环，中心频率和宽带增益介质; 与所述增益介质进行光通信的波长选择装置; 与所述增益介质和所述波长选择装置进行光通信的频率移位器; 以及与所述光学增益介质，所述波长选择装置和所述移频器光通信的光耦合器。光耦合器将来自光环的光耦合到输出端口，其中波长选择装置以等于由移频器引起的频率的增量变化除以光环的往返时间的速率调谐中心波长，从而提供几乎连续的频率扫描。

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