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1. 发明授权

US4208387A Removal of sulfur dioxide from waste gases 失效
标题翻译：从废气中去除二氧化硫
公开(公告)号：US4208387A
公开(公告)日：1980-06-17
申请号：US716160
申请日：1976-08-20
申请人： Donald L. Klass , John R. Conrad
发明人： Donald L. Klass , John R. Conrad
IPC分类号： B01D53/50 , C10K1/14 , C10K1/16 , C01B17/00
CPC分类号： C10K1/143 , B01D53/507 , C10K1/16
摘要： Sulfur dioxide is removed from waste gases such as stack gases by contacting the gas stream with free tertiary amines having basic strengths greater than about pK 5 to form a coordinate covalent complex of the amine and the sulfur dioxide. The sufficiently stable complex is than thermally regenerated to liberate the sulfur dioxide in one stream, to provide the residual gases in another stream, and to provide the regenerated tertiary amine for collection and reuse in a subsequent sulfur dioxide cleanup step. The coordinate covalent complex reacts with even very small concentrations of sulfur dioxide to effectively reduce the sulfur dioxide to detectable zero levels. The presence of carbon dioxide in waste gas streams does not interfere with the efficient cleanup because the selected tertiary amine does not react with the carbon dioxide.
摘要翻译：通过将气流与具有大于约pK 5的碱性强度的游离叔胺接触以形成胺和二氧化硫的配位共价络合物，将二氧化硫从诸如烟道气体的废气中除去。足够稳定的络合物不是热再生以在一个流中释放二氧化硫，以在另一个流中提供残余气体，并且提供再生的叔胺用于在随后的二氧化硫净化步骤中收集和再利用。配位共价络合物与甚至非常小的二氧化硫浓度反应，以有效地将二氧化硫还原成可检测的零水平。废气流中二氧化碳的存在不会干扰有效的净化，因为所选择的叔胺不与二氧化碳反应。

2. 发明授权

US4424064A Methane production from and beneficiation of anaerobic digestion of aquatic plant material 失效
标题翻译：水生植物材料厌氧消化的甲烷生产和选矿
公开(公告)号：US4424064A
公开(公告)日：1984-01-03
申请号：US152335
申请日：1980-05-22
申请人： Donald L. Klass , Sambhunath Ghosh
发明人： Donald L. Klass , Sambhunath Ghosh
IPC分类号： C02F3/28 , C02F3/32
CPC分类号： C02F3/32 , C02F3/28 , Y02E50/343 , Y10S435/801
摘要： A process for improved methane production by anaerobic digestion of aquatic plant material at least a portion or all of which has been grown in organically polluted water. Mixtures of aquatic plant material one portion of which has been grown in non-polluted and a second portion comprising over about 10 weight percent which has been grown in organically polluted water may be used to result in a synergistic yield of methane. The liquid effluent from the digester may be advantageously returned to the aquatic plant growing pond to maintain the desired organic pollution. The process provides for improved methane production from aquatic plant material which is, by itself, recalcitrant to anaerobic digestion.
摘要翻译：一种通过水生植物材料的厌氧消化来改善甲烷生产的方法，其中至少一部分或全部已经在有机污染的水中生长。可以使用水生植物材料的混合物，其一部分已经生长在无污染物中，并且包含超过约10重量％已经在有机污染水中生长的第二部分可以用于产生甲烷的协同产率。来自蒸煮器的液体流出物可以有利地返回到水生植物生长池中以保持所需的有机污染。该方法提供了水生植物材料的甲烷生产改进，本身就是厌氧消化。

3. 发明授权

US4316961A Methane production by anaerobic digestion of plant material and organic waste 失效
标题翻译：甲烷生产通过厌氧消化植物材料和有机废物
公开(公告)号：US4316961A
公开(公告)日：1982-02-23
申请号：US157474
申请日：1980-06-09
申请人： Donald L. Klass , Sambhunath Ghosh
发明人： Donald L. Klass , Sambhunath Ghosh
IPC分类号： C12P5/02
CPC分类号： C12P5/023 , Y02E50/343 , Y10S435/801 , Y10S435/822
摘要： A process for production of methane gas in higher yields and higher rates by thermophilic or mesophilic anaerobic digestion of plant material and/or organic waste in admixture with an extract of different plant material. Increases of methane yield of greater than about 25% and up to about 500% are obtained by addition of the extract of different plant material to a normally low biodegradable plant and/or organic waste material before anaerobic digestion thereof. The resulting methane yields and production rates are higher than those obtained by the sum from anaerobic digestion of the individual components when using the extract as taught by this invention.
摘要翻译：通过将植物材料和/或有机废物与不同植物材料的提取物混合的嗜热或嗜温厌氧消化，以更高的产率和更高的速率生产甲烷气体的方法。通过在厌氧消化之前将不同植物材料的提取物加入到常规可生物降解的植物和/或有机废物中，可获得大于约25％和高达约500％的甲烷产率。所得到的甲烷产率和生产率高于当使用本发明所述的提取物时各个组分的厌氧消化之和所获得的产率。

4. 发明授权

US4171017A Method of gas production from geopressurized geothermal brines 失效
标题翻译：地热加热地热水中天然气生产方法
公开(公告)号：US4171017A
公开(公告)日：1979-10-16
申请号：US891507
申请日：1978-03-30
申请人： Donald L. Klass
发明人： Donald L. Klass
IPC分类号： B01D53/22 , E21B43/40 , E21B39/00 , E21B43/00
CPC分类号： E21B43/40 , B01D53/22 , B01D63/02 , B01D63/06 , B01D63/10 , B01D2317/02 , F24J3/085 , Y02E10/14
摘要： In accordance with the method of the present invention, methane and other similar fuel components are separated from the brine found in geopressurized geothermal zones by immersing gas permeable membranes selective for these fuel components into the brine in these zones, and permitting these fuel components to permeate through the membranes while rejecting the brine. The permeated fuel components then are collected.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的方法，通过将这些燃料成分选择性的气体渗透膜浸入这些区域中的盐水中，将甲烷和其它类似的燃料组分与地下加压地热区域中的盐水分离，并允许这些燃料组分渗透通过隔膜同时排除盐水。然后收集渗透的燃料组分。

5. 发明授权

US4161610A Process for preparing vinyl esters 失效
标题翻译：制备乙烯基酯的方法
公开(公告)号：US4161610A
公开(公告)日：1979-07-17
申请号：US141832
申请日：1961-09-29
申请人： Donald L. Klass
发明人： Donald L. Klass
IPC分类号： C07C67/05 , C07C67/055
CPC分类号： C07C67/05 , C07C67/055
摘要： This invention involves a method of producing vinyl esters by the reaction of olefins with carboxylic acids in the presence of alkali and alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, a noble metal compound, and a regenerative oxidant capable of maintaining the noble metal in oxidized form.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及在羧酸碱金属和碱土金属盐，贵金属化合物和再生氧化剂存在下通过烯烃与羧酸反应生产乙烯基酯的方法，该方法能够将贵金属保持为氧化形式。

6. 发明授权

US4022665A Two phase anaerobic digestion 失效
标题翻译：两相厌氧消化
公开(公告)号：US4022665A
公开(公告)日：1977-05-10
申请号：US530760
申请日：1974-12-09
申请人： Sambhunath Ghosh , Donald L. Klass
发明人： Sambhunath Ghosh , Donald L. Klass
IPC分类号： C02F3/28 , C02F3/34 , C12P5/02 , C12D3/10
CPC分类号： C02F3/286 , C02F3/34 , C12P5/023 , Y02E50/343 , Y10S435/801 , Y10S435/819 , Y10S435/822
摘要： An improved two phase anaerobic digestion process in which an initial phase continually receives an organic feed for short detention times of less than two days under conditions which efficiently liquefy and breakdown the feed to lower molecular weight acids and other intermediates for conversion to methane. A succeeding phase is operated to treat the lower molecular weight acids and intermediates for detention times of about two to about seven days under conditions which efficiently lead to production of methane. The feed is loaded in the first phase at rates from about 1 to about 10 pounds of total organics per cubic foot per day; and the products from the initial phase are loaded in the succeeding phase at rates of about 0.1 to about 0.5 pounds total organics per cubic foot per day.
摘要翻译：一种改进的两相厌氧消化过程，其中初始阶段在有效地将进料液化并分解成低分子量酸和其它中间体以转化为甲烷的条件下，连续接收少于两天的短停留时间的有机进料。在有效地导致甲烷生成的条件下，操作后续阶段来处理低分子量酸和中间体的滞留时间约2至约7天。饲料在第一阶段以每立方英尺每天约1至约10磅总有机物的速率装载; 并且来自初始阶段的产物以相对于每立方英尺每天约0.1至约0.5磅总有机物的速率装载在后续阶段。

7. 发明授权

US4329428A Methane production from and beneficiation of anaerobic digestion of plant material and organic waste 失效
标题翻译：甲烷生产和选矿对植物材料和有机废物的厌氧消化
公开(公告)号：US4329428A
公开(公告)日：1982-05-11
申请号：US117374
申请日：1980-01-31
申请人： Sambhunath Ghosh , Donald L. Klass
发明人： Sambhunath Ghosh , Donald L. Klass
IPC分类号： C12P5/02
CPC分类号： C12P5/023 , Y02E50/343 , Y10S435/801
摘要： A process for improved methane production resulting in higher yield and higher production rates by anaerobic digestion of a mixture of plant material and organic waste. The process is suitable for production of synthetic natural gas and through anaerobic digestion of a mixture of plant material and organic waste allows better matching of organic waste and plant material feed supplies for year round operation. The process of this invention results in digester effluent which is easily dewatered and has a low concentration of soluble organics, providing easy disposal and recycling to the digester. The process of this invention may be used for methane production from plant material which is, by itself, recalcitrant to anaerobic digestion.
摘要翻译：一种改善甲烷生产的方法，通过厌氧消化植物材料和有机废物的混合物，可以获得更高的产量和更高的产量。该方法适用于生产合成天然气，通过植物材料和有机废物混合物的厌氧消化，可以更好地匹配有机废物和植物原料饲料供全年运行。本发明的方法导致消化池流出物容易脱水并具有低浓度的可溶性有机物，提供易于处理和回收到消化器。本发明的方法可以用于本身就是厌氧消化的植物材料的甲烷生产。

8. 发明授权

US4085972A Situ mining of fossil fuel containing inorganic matrices 失效
标题翻译：含有无机基质的化石燃料的原位采矿
公开(公告)号：US4085972A
公开(公告)日：1978-04-25
申请号：US800357
申请日：1977-05-25
申请人： Sambhunath Ghosh , Donald L. Klass
发明人： Sambhunath Ghosh , Donald L. Klass
IPC分类号： C09K8/58 , C12M1/107 , E21B43/22 , C12B1/00 , E21C41/10
CPC分类号： C09K8/58 , E21B43/16 , E21C41/24
摘要： A process for recovering underground fossil fuel deposits retained in an inorganic matrix wherein the deposit is contacted with an aqueous medium of anaerobic microorganisms for a time sufficient to produce particles of the deposit containing both the organic fossil fuel and inorganic matrix of a size capable of forming a slurry with the aqueous medium for pumping to the ground surface. At the ground surface, the particulates are separated from the aqueous medium of anaerobic organisms, the particulates further processed by efficient surface techniques to separate the organic carbon and hydrocarbon component from the inorganic matrix. The aqueous medium of anaerobic organisms is recycled to the underground fossil fuel deposit for further production of the slurry forming particles of the deposit. Spent inorganic matrix may be added to the aqueous medium of anaerobic organisms to provide solid support and nutrient for the organisms and to maintain the desired pH. Such use of the spent inorganic matrix provides a useful service for the waste from the organic carbon and hydrocarbon recovery process.
摘要翻译：一种回收保存在无机基体中的地下化石燃料沉积物的方法，其中沉积物与厌氧微生物的水性介质接触一段时间，足以产生含有能够形成的大小的有机化石燃料和无机基质的沉积物的沉积物具有用于泵送到地面的水性介质的浆料。在地表表面，颗粒与厌氧生物体的水性介质分离，颗粒通过有效的表面技术进一步处理，以将有机碳和烃组分与无机基质分离。将厌氧生物的水性介质再循环到地下化石燃料沉积物中，以进一步生产沉积物形成的浆料颗粒。可以将无机基质添加到厌氧生物体的水性介质中以为生物提供固体支持物和营养物并保持所需的pH。废弃无机基质的这种使用为有机碳和烃回收过程中的废物提供了有用的服务。

9. 发明授权

US4561864A Gas sweetening by membrane permeation 失效
标题翻译：通过膜渗透进行气体增甜
公开(公告)号：US4561864A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-31
申请号：US660020
申请日：1984-10-12
申请人： Donald L. Klass , Carl D. Landahl
发明人： Donald L. Klass , Carl D. Landahl
IPC分类号： B01D53/22
CPC分类号： B01D53/228 , Y02C10/10
摘要： A sour gas mixture containing methane gas, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide is applied to a nonhomogenous membrane having a combined separation factor for hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide at least about 20. The gas mixture is delivered to the membrane at a Flow Rate Factor on the order of about 8 so that the Merit Factor of the membrane is maximized.
摘要翻译：将含有甲烷气体，硫化氢和二氧化碳的酸性气体混合物施加到具有至少约20的硫化氢和二氧化碳的组合分离因子的非均质膜上。将气体混合物以流速因子递送至膜约8级，使得膜的优点因子最大化。

10. 发明授权

US4318993A Two phase anaerobic digester system 失效
标题翻译：两相厌氧消化器系统
公开(公告)号：US4318993A
公开(公告)日：1982-03-09
申请号：US793519
申请日：1977-05-04
申请人： Sambhunath Ghosh , Donald L. Klass
发明人： Sambhunath Ghosh , Donald L. Klass
IPC分类号： C02F3/28 , C02F3/34 , C12P5/02
CPC分类号： C12M29/02 , C02F3/286 , C02F3/34 , C12M21/04 , C12M23/58 , C12M45/06 , C12P5/023 , Y02E50/343
摘要： A two phase anaerobic digestion process in which an initial phase continually receives an organic feed for short detention times of less than two days under conditions which efficiently liquefy and breakdown the feed to lower molecular weight acids and other intermediates for conversion to methane. A succeeding phase is operated to treat the lower molecular weight acids and intermediates for detention times of about two to about seven days under conditions which efficiently lead to production to methane. The feed is loaded in the first phase at rates from about one to about ten pounds of total organics per cubic foot per day; and the products from the initial phase are loaded in the succeeding phase at rates of about 0.1 to about 0.5 pounds total organics per cubic foot per day.
摘要翻译：在两相厌氧消化过程中，初始阶段在有效地将进料液化并分解成较低分子量的酸和其它中间体以转化为甲烷的条件下，连续接收少于两天的短停留时间的有机进料。在有效地导致甲烷生产的条件下，运行后续阶段来处理较低分子量酸和中间体的滞留时间约2至约7天。饲料在第一阶段以每立方英尺每天约1至约10磅总有机物的速率装载; 并且来自初始阶段的产物以相对于每立方英尺每天约0.1至约0.5磅总有机物的速率装载在后续阶段。

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