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1. 发明授权

US06489763B1 Magnet assembly for nuclear magnetic resonance well logging tools 有权
标题翻译：用于核磁共振测井工具的磁铁组件
公开(公告)号：US06489763B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-03
申请号：US09553462
申请日：2000-04-19
申请人： Jaideva C. Goswami , Richard W. Oldigs , Richard P. Harris , Donald C. McKeon
发明人： Jaideva C. Goswami , Richard W. Oldigs , Richard P. Harris , Donald C. McKeon
IPC分类号： G01V300
CPC分类号： G01N24/081 , G01V3/32
摘要： A magnet assembly for nuclear magnetic well logging apparatus includes two diametrically opposed magnets which produce a static and substantially homogeneous magnetic field. Each magnet has a magnet axis and is partitioned into a first and a second magnet segment by a plane substantially parallel to the magnet axis.
摘要翻译：用于核磁测井装置的磁体组件包括两个直径相对的磁体，其产生静态且基本均匀的磁场。每个磁体具有磁体轴线，并且通过基本上平行于磁体轴线的平面分隔成第一和第二磁体段。

2. 发明授权

US06133734A Method and apparatus for evaluating an earth formation using nuclear magnetic resonance techiques 失效
标题翻译：使用核磁共振技术评估地层的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06133734A
公开(公告)日：2000-10-17
申请号：US745
申请日：1997-12-30
申请人： Donald C. McKeon
发明人： Donald C. McKeon
IPC分类号： G01R33/44 , G01R33/48 , G01V3/32 , G01V3/00
CPC分类号： G01V3/32 , G01N24/081 , G01R33/445
摘要： This invention makes an NMR measurement at extended depths into the formation using the earth's magnet field to generate an NMR measurement and using a magnet field from a permanent magnetic to suppress the NMR signal in the borehole and shallow formation. The magnetic field from a permanent magnet increases the Larmor frequency in the borehole and the shallow earth formation. An oscillator applies an RF magnetic field to the formation for a period of time in order to align nuclei spins approximately perpendicular to the earth's magnetic field. At the end of this period, the field is turned off rapidly. Since the spins are unable to follow this sudden change, they are left aligned perpendicular to the earth's field. These nuclei precess about the earth's field at the approximate Larmor frequency of the earth's field. The RF receiver detects the RF signals in the approximate frequency range of the Larmor frequency. Borehole and shallow formation protons precessing at the high frequencies resulting from the permanent magnet are not detected by the receiver. Therefore, the receiver only detects signals from greater depths in the earth's formation.
摘要翻译：本发明通过使用地球磁场在扩展深度进行NMR测量，以产生NMR测量，并使用来自永久磁场的磁场来抑制井眼中的NMR信号和浅层地层。来自永磁体的磁场增加了钻孔和浅层地层中的拉莫尔频率。振荡器将RF磁场施加到地层一段时间，以便将核自旋近似垂直于地球的磁场进行对准。在这段时间结束时，这个领域迅速关闭。由于旋转不能跟随这个突然的变化，它们垂直于地球场。这些核以地球场的近似拉莫尔频率进入地球场。 RF接收机检测Larmor频率近似频率范围内的RF信号。由永磁体产生的高频处理的钻孔和浅层形成质子未被接收器检测到。因此，接收机只能检测地球上较深的信号。

3. 发明授权

US5053620A Logging apparatus and method for determining concentrations of subsurface formation elements 失效
标题翻译：用于确定地下构造元素浓度的测井装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US5053620A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-01
申请号：US450355
申请日：1989-12-13
申请人： Donald C. McKeon , Bronislaw Seeman
发明人： Donald C. McKeon , Bronislaw Seeman
IPC分类号： G01V5/06 , G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/101 , G01V5/06
摘要： Method and apparatus for identifying and determining the concentrations of subsurface formation elements next to a borehole, by detecting and counting the gamma rays resulting from the activation of Al atoms by neutrons emitted by a high energy source. The total count rates from Al are corrected for Si interference by (1) calculating the ratio of the count rates of gamma rays from Si activation to the count rates of the gamma rays resulting from the inelastic collisions of neutrons with Si atoms, thus providing a reference ratio independent of environmental parameters; (2) detecting and counting the gamma rays resulting from the Si inelastic collisions; (3) determining from the count rates of silicon inelastic gamma rays and from said ratio, the count rates of Si activation gamma rays; and (4) subtracting, from the total count rates of activation gamma rays, the count rates of Si activation gamma rays.The method comprises also detecting and counting the gamma rays resulting from the capture of said neutrons by atoms of a plurality of elements.
摘要翻译：通过检测和计数由高能源发射的中子激活Al原子而产生的伽马射线，来识别和确定钻孔旁边的地下构造元素的浓度的方法和装置。通过（1）计算从Si激活的γ射线的计数率与由Si原子的中子的非弹性碰撞产生的伽马射线的计数率的比率来校正来自Al的总计数率，由此提供参考比独立于环境参数; （2）检测并计数由Si非弹性碰撞产生的伽马射线; （3）从硅非弹性γ射线的计数率和所述比例确定Si激活γ射线的计数率; 和（4）从激活γ射线的总计数率中减去Si激活γ射线的计数率。该方法还包括检测和计数由多个元素的原子捕获所述中子产生的伽马射线。

4. 发明授权

US5045693A Carbon/oxygen well logging method and apparatus 失效
标题翻译：碳/氧测井方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5045693A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-03
申请号：US514915
申请日：1990-04-26
申请人： Donald C. McKeon , Bradley A. Roscoe , Christian Stoller
发明人： Donald C. McKeon , Bradley A. Roscoe , Christian Stoller
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/104 , G01V5/102
摘要： A nuclear spectroscopic method and apparatus for determining hydrocarbon saturation or water saturation of a formation adjacent a well bore is disclosed. Near and far inelastic gamma ray spectra are detected in response to pulses of fast neutrons irradiating the formation and materials in the borehole. Near and far carbon/oxygen (C/O) ratios are extracted from each spectra using predetermined spectra of postulated elements. The near and far C/O ratios are combined to determine a representation of formation hydrocarbon saturation substantially corrected for borehole gamma rays produced by inelastic reaction of fast neutrons and hydrocarbons in the well bore. Shielding of near and far detectors is provided to make the near detector more sensitive to gamma rays emanating from borehole gamma rays and to make the far detector less sensitive to borehole gamma rays and more sensitive to formation gamma rays.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于确定邻近井眼的地层的烃饱和度或水饱和度的核分光方法和装置。响应于照射地层的快中子的脉冲和钻孔中的材料来检测近和远的非弹性γ射线光谱。使用预定元素的预定光谱从每个光谱提取近和远的碳/氧（C / O）比。将近和远的C / O比组合起来确定基本上校正了通过井眼中的快中子和碳氢化合物的非弹性反应产生的井眼γ射线的地层烃饱和度的表示。提供近距离和远距离探测器的屏蔽，使近探测器对从射孔伽马射线发出的伽马射线更敏感，并使远探测器对钻孔伽马射线的敏感度较低，对地层伽马射线更敏感。

5. 发明授权

US4937446A Carbon/oxygen well logging method and apparatus 失效
标题翻译：碳/氧测井方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US4937446A
公开(公告)日：1990-06-26
申请号：US401579
申请日：1989-08-24
申请人： Donald C. McKeon , Bradley A. Roscoe , Christian Stoller
发明人： Donald C. McKeon , Bradley A. Roscoe , Christian Stoller
IPC分类号： G01V5/10
CPC分类号： G01V5/102 , G01V5/104
摘要： A nuclear spectroscopic method and apparatus for determining hydrocarbon saturation or water saturation of a formation adjacent a well bore is disclosed. Near and far inelastic gamma ray spectra are detected in response to pulses of fast neutrons irradiating the formation and materials in the borehole. Near and far carbon/oxygen (C/O) ratios are extracted from each spectra using predetermined spectra of postulated elements. The near and far C/O ratios are combined to determine a representation of formation hydrocarbon saturation substantially corrected for borehole gamma rays produced by inelastic reaction of fast neutrons and hydrocarbons in the well bore. Shielding of near and far detectors is provided to make the near detector more sensitive to gamma rays emanating from borehole gamma rays and to make the far detector less sensitive to borehole gamma rays and more sensitive to formation gamma rays.
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于确定邻近井眼的地层的烃饱和度或水饱和度的核分光方法和装置。响应于照射地层的快中子的脉冲和钻孔中的材料来检测近和远的非弹性γ射线光谱。使用预定元素的预定光谱从每个光谱提取近和远的碳/氧（C / O）比。将近和远的C / O比组合起来确定基本上校正了通过井眼中的快中子和碳氢化合物的非弹性反应产生的井眼γ射线的地层烃饱和度的表示。提供近距离和远距离探测器的屏蔽，使近探测器对从射孔伽马射线发出的伽马射线更敏感，并使远探测器对钻孔伽马射线的敏感度较低，对地层伽马射线更敏感。

6. 发明授权

US5841135A Method and apparatus for measuring formation density and the formation photo-electric factor with a multi-detector gamma-gamma tool 失效
标题翻译：用多检测器伽玛伽马工具测量地层密度和形成光电因子的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5841135A
公开(公告)日：1998-11-24
申请号：US800976
申请日：1997-02-19
申请人： Christian Stoller , Nihal I. Wijeyesekera , Urmi DasGupta , Donald C. McKeon , Peter D. Wraight
发明人： Christian Stoller , Nihal I. Wijeyesekera , Urmi DasGupta , Donald C. McKeon , Peter D. Wraight
IPC分类号： G01N23/08 , G01V5/12
CPC分类号： G01N23/083 , G01V5/125
摘要： The present invention is an improved method and tool for determining formation density by using an array of gamma-ray detectors. This invention can correct for large standoffs encountered in abnormally shaped boreholes and in particular for the increased standoffs typically encountered by mandrel tools. In this invention, the collimated detectors have varying depths of investigation into the formation. At small standoffs a short spaced (SS) detector investigates mainly the mud and mudcake and a shallow layer of the formation. Unlike the SS, a mid spaced (MS) detector has a deeper depth of investigation and is sensitive to borehole and formation even at increased standoffs. A long spaced (LS) detector is mainly sensitive to the formation density and its density reading is corrected by using the standoff information from the MS and SS detectors. In addition to measuring density, this invention can measure the photo-electric factor (PEF) of the formation. Because photo-electric absorption preferentially removes low energy gamma-rays, the tool housing needs to allow passage of low energy gamma-rays. This can be accomplished through the use of a window of a material with a low atomic number (Z) or through the use of a low-Z housing material like titanium. Typical window materials are beryllium and titanium. Housing materials can be titanium or for lower pressure requirements graphite or high-strength carbon compounds.
摘要翻译：本发明是通过使用γ射线检测器阵列来确定地层密度的改进方法和工具。本发明可以校正在异常形状的钻孔中遇到的大的间隙，特别是对于通常由心轴工具遇到的间隙增加。在本发明中，准直检测器具有不同深度的调查深度。在狭小的距离处，短距离（SS）探测器主要研究泥浆和泥饼以及地层的浅层。与SS不同，中间间隔（MS）检测器具有更深的研究深度，并且即使在增加的间隙时也对钻孔和形成敏感。长距离（LS）检测器主要对地层密度敏感，并且通过使用来自MS和SS检测器的间隔信息来校正其密度读数。除测量密度外，本发明还可以测量地层的光电因子（PEF）。由于光电吸收优先消除低能γ射线，所以工具壳体需要允许低能γ射线的通过。这可以通过使用具有低原子数（Z）的材料的窗口或通过使用诸如钛的低Z外壳材料来实现。典型的窗口材料是铍和钛。外壳材料可以是钛或低压要求石墨或高强度碳化合物。

7. 发明授权

US5408097A Method and apparatus for correcting natural gamma ray measurements for borehole fluid effects 失效
标题翻译：用于校正井眼流体效应的自然伽马射线测量的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5408097A
公开(公告)日：1995-04-18
申请号：US159412
申请日：1993-11-29
申请人： Peter D. Wraight , Donald C. McKeon
发明人： Peter D. Wraight , Donald C. McKeon
IPC分类号： G01V5/06 , G01V5/04
CPC分类号： G01V5/06
摘要： A method and apparatus for detecting natural gamma-ray signals of an earth formation and correcting these gamma-ray signals for effects from borehole gamma-rays. Gamma-ray signals are detected at two detector locations in the borehole. The borehole effects are derived from the differences between the detected signals. After the borehole effects are determined, the detected gamma-ray signal is corrected for these effects and measurements of the formation elements are derived. A differential signal between the two detectors is created by excluding a small volume of borehole fluid from one of the detectors from the borehole fluid, before detecting gamma-rays at both detectors. The excluder displaces a known volume of borehole fluid equal to the volume of the excluder. Both detectors record gamma-ray generated from the formation and borehole. The additional volume of borehole fluid at one detector causes the detected signals to be different. This difference in signals is caused by the detection of the gamma-rays from the extra volume of fluid by the exposed detector. From this differential signal, correction parameters are derived to correct the signal for borehole effects caused by potassium in the borehole fluid, and thereby leave a signal indicative of natural gamma-rays from the earth formation.
摘要翻译：一种用于检测地球构造的自然伽马射线信号并校正这些伽马射线信号以用于来自钻孔伽马射线的效果的方法和装置。在井眼中的两个检测器位置处检测伽马射线信号。井眼效应是从检测到的信号之间的差异导出的。在确定井眼效应之后，针对这些效应校正检测到的伽马射线信号，并导出形成元件的测量。在两个检测器之前检测伽马射线之前，通过从井眼流体中的一个检测器排除小体积的钻孔流体来产生两个检测器之间的差分信号。排除器将已知体积的钻孔液体置换为等于排除器的体积。两个检测器记录从地层和井眼产生的伽马射线。在一个检测器处的钻孔流体的附加体积导致检测到的信号不同。这种信号差异是由暴露的检测器检测来自额外体积的流体的伽马射线引起的。根据该差分信号，导出校正参数以校正由钻井液中的钾引起的钻孔效应的信号，从而留下表示来自地层的自然γ射线的信号。

8. 发明授权

US5219518A Nuclear oxygen activation method and apparatus for detecting and quantifying water flow 失效
标题翻译：用于检测和定量水流的核氧活化方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5219518A
公开(公告)日：1993-06-15
申请号：US758257
申请日：1991-08-26
申请人： Donald C. McKeon , Jean-Remy Olesen , Hugh D. Scott
发明人： Donald C. McKeon , Jean-Remy Olesen , Hugh D. Scott
IPC分类号： E21B47/10 , G01F1/704 , G01F1/708
CPC分类号： E21B47/1015 , G01F1/7042 , G01F1/708
摘要： A nuclear spectroscopy method and apparatus for obtaining qualitative and quantitative information related to water flow, comprising the steps of:(1) irradiating the water flow with a source of neutrons of sufficient energy to interact with oxygen atoms in the water according to the activation reaction O.sup.16 (n,p)N.sup.16 ;(2) detecting and counting, with at least at a detector, the gamma rays emitted during disintegration of N.sup.16 ;(3) making a plot of the counts versus time; and(4) deriving from said plot information related to said water flow.The irradiating is advantageously interrupted after a given period of time, and is preferably immediately followed by the detection. The water flow velocity "V" is calculated from the formula V=d/t, where "d" is the distance between the source and the detector(s), and "t" is the time period between the irradiation and the time corresponding to a characteristic on said plot, representative of the water flow and departing from the N.sup.16 exponential decay curve. The characteristic takes different forms on the plot according to the duration of the irradiation.
摘要翻译：一种用于获得与水流相关的定性和定量信息的核谱分析方法和装置，包括以下步骤：（1）用足够能量的中子源照射水流，以根据活化反应与水中的氧原子相互作用 O16（n，p）N16; （2）至少在检测器处检测和计数在N16分解期间发射的γ射线; （3）制作计数与时间的图; 和（4）从与所述水流相关的所述绘图信息得出。在给定的时间段之后，有利地中断照射，并且优选紧接着进行检测。水流速度“V”由公式V = d / t计算，其中“d”是源和检测器之间的距离，“t”是照射时间与对应的时间到所述图上的特征，代表水流并且离开N16指数衰减曲线。该特征根据照射的持续时间在图上具有不同的形式。

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