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81. 发明授权

US06432297B1 Method to produce lube basestock 失效
标题翻译：生产润滑油基础油的方法
公开(公告)号：US06432297B1
公开(公告)日：2002-08-13
申请号：US09692970
申请日：2000-10-23
申请人： Tom N. Kalnes , Vasant P. Thakkar
发明人： Tom N. Kalnes , Vasant P. Thakkar
IPC分类号： C10G4700
CPC分类号： C10G65/00 , C10G2400/10
摘要： A process for the production of lube oil basestock wherein a high boiling hydrocarbonaceous feedstock is hydrocracked to produce hydrocarbons boiling in the range of lube oil basestock and the resulting hydrocracker effluent is hot, hydrogen stripped to remove lower boiling hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide before being introduced into a hydrodewaxing zone. In a preferred embodiment the hot hydrogen stripper contains a hydrogenation zone conducted at “sweet” hydrogenating conditions which permits the subsequent use of sulfur sensitive catalysts in downstream reaction zones including hydrodewaxing and hydrofinishing reaction zones. Preferably, the effluent from the hydrodewaxing reaction zone is immediately further processed in a hydrofinishing reaction zone.
摘要翻译：用于生产润滑油基础油的方法，其中高沸点含烃原料被加氢裂化以产生在润滑油基础油料范围内沸腾的烃，并且所得加氢裂化器流出物是热的，氢气被汽提以除去低沸点烃和硫化氢，然后引入加氢脱蜡区。在优选的实施方案中，热氢汽提器包含在“甜”氢化条件下进行的氢化区，其允许在下游反应区域中随后使用硫敏感催化剂，包括加氢脱蜡和加氢精制反应区。优选地，来自加氢脱蜡反应区的流出物在加氢精制反应区中立即进一步加工。

82. 发明授权

US06387245B1 Hydrocracking process 有权
标题翻译：加氢裂化过程
公开(公告)号：US06387245B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-14
申请号：US09669791
申请日：2000-09-26
申请人： Tom N. Kalnes , David B. Gates
发明人： Tom N. Kalnes , David B. Gates
IPC分类号： C10G6902
CPC分类号： C10G65/12
摘要： A hydrocracking process wherein a hydrocarbonaceous feedstock and a hot hydrocracking zone effluent containing hydrogen is passed to a hydrocracking reaction zone to produce lower boiling hydrocarbon compounds. The resulting hot, uncooled effluent from the hydrocracking zone is hydrogen stripped in a stripping zone maintained at essentially the same pressure as the preceding hydrocracking reaction zone with a hydrogen-rich gaseous stream to produce a vapor stream comprising hydrogen, hydrocarbonaceous compounds boiling at a temperature below the boiling range of the fresh feedstock, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia, and a liquid hydrocarbonaceous stream which is countercurrently contacted with hydrogen in a hydrogenation zone located in the bottom end of the stripping zone.
摘要翻译：加氢裂化方法，其中将含烃原料和含氢气的热加氢裂化区流出物通入加氢裂化反应区产生低沸点烃化合物。所得到的来自加氢裂化区的热未冷却流出物在汽提区中被汽提，在汽提区中保持与前述加氢裂化反应区基本相同的压力，用富氢气流产生包含氢气的蒸气流，温度为沸点的烃类化合物低于新鲜原料的沸程，硫化氢和氨，以及在位于汽提区底端的氢化区中与氢气逆流接触的液态烃流。

83. 发明授权

US5705078A Oxidative removal of aqueous cyanide by manganese(IV)-containing oxides 失效
标题翻译：通过含锰（IV）的氧化物氧化除去氰化水溶液
公开(公告)号：US5705078A
公开(公告)日：1998-01-06
申请号：US707985
申请日：1996-08-23
申请人： Paul R. Kurek , Tom N. Kalnes , Gregory John Lewis
发明人： Paul R. Kurek , Tom N. Kalnes , Gregory John Lewis
IPC分类号： C02F1/72 , C02F1/74 , C02F1/78
CPC分类号： C02F1/74 , C02F1/725 , C02F1/722 , C02F1/78 , C02F2101/18 , Y10S210/904
摘要： Manganese(IV)-containing oxides are effective catalysts for oxidation of water-soluble cyanide over a wide pH range (0.5-12) and temperature (15.degree.-250.degree. C.). Oxygen is the preferred oxidizing agent at partial pressures between about 0.2 and 5 atmospheres (2.9-75 psi, 20-517 kPa). Electrolytically deposited MnO.sub.2 is one preferred form of the catalyst. Another preferred manganese(IV)-containing oxide is the group of cation-stabilized manganese(IV)-containing oxides illustrated by cryptomelane. Yet another preferred form of manganese(IV)-containing oxide is a group of crystalline manganese phosphate compositions having an extended network and an empirical composition on an anhydrous basis expressed by an empirical formula of: (A.sup.a+).sub.v (Mn.sup.b+)(M.sup.c+).sub.x P.sub.y O.sub.z where A is a templating agent selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, hydronium ion, ammonium ion, organoammonium ions, and mixtures thereof, "a" represents a weighted average valence of A and varies from 1.0 to 2.0, "v" is the mole ratio of A to Mn and varies from about 0.1 to about 5, "b" is the average valence of Mn and has a value of greater than 3 to about 4, M is a metal selected from the group consisting of Al, Fe.sup.3+, Ca, Sn.sup.4+, Ti, Sb.sup.5+, and mixtures thereof, "x" is the mole ratio of M to Mn and varies from 0 to about 3.0, "c" is the weighted average valence of M and varies from about 1.0 to about 5.0, "y" is the mole ratio of P to Mn and varies from about 0.10 to about 5.0 and "z" is the mole ratio of O to Mn and has a value determined by the equation z=1/2(a.times.v+b+x.times.c+5.times.y).
摘要翻译：含有锰（IV）的氧化物是在宽pH范围（0.5-12）和温度（15-250℃）下氧化水溶性氰化物的有效催化剂。在约0.2和5个大气压（2.9-75psi，20-517kPa）之间的分压下，氧气是优选的氧化剂。电解沉积的MnO 2是催化剂的一种优选形式。另一种优选的含有锰（Ⅳ）的氧化物是由赤藓烷所示的阳离子稳定化的含锰（Ⅳ）的氧化物。另一种优选形式的含锰（IV）的氧化物是一组结晶磷酸锰组合物，其具有延伸的网络和无水基础上的经验组成，其经验式为：（Aa +）v（Mnb +）（Mc +）xPyOz A是选自碱金属，碱土金属，水合氢离子，铵离子，有机铵离子及其混合物的模板剂，“a”表示A的加权平均化合价，为1.0至2.0，“v “是A与Mn的摩尔比，在约0.1至约5之间变化，”b“是Mn的平均化合价并且具有大于3至约4的值，M是选自Al ，Fe 3+，Ca，Sn 4+，Ti，Sb 5+及其混合物，“x”是M与Mn的摩尔比，从0变化到约3.0，“c”是M的加权平均价，约5.0，“y”是P与Mn的摩尔比，约0.10至约5.0，“z”是mo O与Mn的比值，并且具有由方程z = + E，fra 1/2 + EE（axv + b + xxc + 5xy）确定的值。

84. 发明授权

US5376285A Oxidative removal of aqueous metal-complexed cyanide under acidic conditions 失效
标题翻译：在酸性条件下氧化除去金属络合的氰化物水溶液
公开(公告)号：US5376285A
公开(公告)日：1994-12-27
申请号：US150294
申请日：1993-11-12
申请人： Paul R. Kurek , Robert R. Frame , Tom N. Kalnes , Mark D. Moser
发明人： Paul R. Kurek , Robert R. Frame , Tom N. Kalnes , Mark D. Moser
IPC分类号： C02F1/72 , C02F1/78 , C02F9/00 , C02F11/08
CPC分类号： C02F9/00 , C02F11/08 , C02F1/72 , C02F1/722 , C02F1/725 , C02F1/78 , C02F2101/18 , Y10S210/904
摘要： The oxidation of metal-complexed cyanide under acid conditions using oxygen as the oxidizing agent can be performed effectively with certain metal chelates as catalysts. Especially effective chelates are metal phthalocyanines, particularly where the metal is vanadium or a member of the iron group metals. The oxidation can be effected homogeneously using water soluble metal chelates, or can be performed heterogeneously, especially in a continuous fashion using a packed bed reactor, by using suitable water-insoluble metal chelates, especially when supported on appropriate carriers.
摘要翻译：使用氧作为氧化剂的酸性条件下金属络合的氰化物的氧化可以用某些金属螯合物作为催化剂有效地进行。特别有效的螯合物是金属酞菁，特别是金属是钒或铁族金属成分时。可以使用水溶性金属螯合物均匀地进行氧化，或者通过使用合适的水不溶性金属螯合物，特别是当在适当的载体上负载时，可以使用填充床反应器，特别是以连续的方式进行非均匀地进行氧化。

85. 发明授权

US5207927A Treatment of an aqueous stream containing water-soluble inorganic sulfide compounds 失效
标题翻译：含水溶性无机硫化物的含水流的处理
公开(公告)号：US5207927A
公开(公告)日：1993-05-04
申请号：US853555
申请日：1992-03-18
申请人： Richard E. Marinangeli , Tom N. Kalnes
发明人： Richard E. Marinangeli , Tom N. Kalnes
IPC分类号： B01J31/22 , C01B17/96 , C01C1/247 , C01D5/00 , C02F1/72
CPC分类号： C02F1/725 , C01B17/96 , C01C1/247 , C01D5/00 , C02F1/72 , Y10S210/916
摘要： A method for treating an aqueous stream containing a water-soluble, inorganic sulfide compound wherein the stream is contacted with oxygen at a pH in the range of less than about 12 and an oxygen to sulfur molar ratio greater than about 5 with an oxidizing catalyst at oxidation conditions selected to provide a high conversion of the inorganic sulfide compound to sulfate to thereby produce a substantially sulfide-free treated aqueous product stream.
摘要翻译：一种用于处理含有水溶性无机硫化物化合物的水流的方法，其中所述物流与氧气在小于约12的范围内接触，氧与硫摩尔比大于约5，氧化催化剂在选择氧化条件以提供无机硫化物化合物对硫酸盐的高转化率，从而产生基本上无硫化物的处理过的含水产物流。

86. 发明授权

US5013424A Process for the simultaneous hydrogenation of a first feedstock comprising hydrocarbonaceous compounds and having a non-distillable component and a second feedstock comprising halogenated organic compounds 失效
标题翻译：用于同时氢化包含烃类化合物并具有不可蒸馏组分的第一原料和包含卤化有机化合物的第二原料的方法
公开(公告)号：US5013424A
公开(公告)日：1991-05-07
申请号：US559820
申请日：1990-07-30
申请人： Robert B. James, Jr. , Tom N. Kalnes , Steven P. Lankton
发明人： Robert B. James, Jr. , Tom N. Kalnes , Steven P. Lankton
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/37 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , B01J23/44 , B01J23/88 , C10G1/00 , C10G45/02 , C10G65/04 , C10G65/12 , C10M175/00 , C10N40/08 , C10N40/22
CPC分类号： A62D3/37 , C10G45/02 , A62D2101/22 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2203/02
摘要： A process for the production of hydrogenated, distillable hydrocarbonaceous product from a feed comprising hydrocarbonaceous compounds and having a non-distillable component, and a feed comprising halogenated organic compounds by means of contacting the feed comprising hydrocarbonaceous compounds and having a non-distillable component with a hot hydrogen-rich gaseous stream to increase the temperature of this feed stream to vaporize at least a portion of the distillable hydrocarbonaceous compounds thereby producing a distillable hydrocarbonaceous product which is immediately hydrogenated in an integrated hydrogenation zone. The feed comprising halogenated organic compounds is contacted in a second hydrogenated hydrocarbonaceous product and at least one water-soluble inorganic halide compound.
摘要翻译：一种从包含烃类化合物并具有不可蒸馏组分的原料生产氢化，可蒸馏的含烃产物的方法，以及包含卤化有机化合物的进料，其通过使包含烃类化合物的进料与含有不可蒸馏组分的物质接触，热的富氢气流以增加该进料流的温度以蒸发至少一部分可蒸馏烃类化合物，从而产生可在一体化氢化区中立即氢化的可蒸馏烃类产物。包含卤代有机化合物的进料在第二氢化烃产物和至少一种水溶性无机卤化物化合物中接触。

87. 发明授权

US4818368A Process for treating a temperature-sensitive hydrocarbanaceous stream containing a non-distillable component to produce a hydrogenated distillable hydrocarbonaceous product 失效
标题翻译：用于处理含有不可蒸馏组分的温度敏感烃类物流以生产氢化的可蒸馏烃类产物的方法
公开(公告)号：US4818368A
公开(公告)日：1989-04-04
申请号：US113587
申请日：1987-10-28
申请人： Tom N. Kalnes , Robert B. James, Jr. , Darrell W. Staggs
发明人： Tom N. Kalnes , Robert B. James, Jr. , Darrell W. Staggs
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/40 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/43 , C10G69/00 , C10G69/06 , C10G69/14
CPC分类号： A62D3/40 , C10G69/00 , C10G69/06 , C10G69/14 , A62D2101/22 , A62D2101/24 , A62D2101/43 , A62D2203/10
摘要： A process for treating a temperature-sensitive hydrocarbonaceous stream containing a non-distillable component to produce a hydrogenated distillable hydrocarbonaceous product while minimizing thermal degradation of the hydrocarbonaceous stream which process comprises the steps of: (a) contacting the hydrocarbonaceous stream with a first hydrogen-rich gaseous stream having a temperature greater than the hydrocarbonaceous stream in a flash zone at flash conditions thereby increasing the temperature of the hydrocarbonaceous stream and vaporizing at least a portion thereof to provide a hydrocarbonaceous vapor stream comprising hydrogen and a heavy stream comprising the non-distillable component; (b) contacting the hydrocarbonaceous vapor stream comprising hydrogen with a hydrogenation catalyst in a hydrogenation reaction zone at hydrogenation conditions to increase the hydrogen content of the hydrocarbonaceous compounds contained in the hydrocarbonaceous vapor stream; (c) condensing at least a portion of the resulting effluent from the hydrogenation reaction zone to provide a second hydrogen-rich gaseous stream and a liquid stream comprising hydrogenated distillable hydrocarbonaceous compounds; (d) recovering a hydrogenated distillable hydrocarbonaceous product from the liquid stream comprising hydrogenated distillable hydrocarbonaceous compounds; and (e) reacting at least a portion of the heavy stream comprising the non-distillable component recovered from step (a) in a thermal coking zone at thermal coking conditions to provide a thermal coking zone effluent.
摘要翻译：一种用于处理含有不可蒸馏组分的温度敏感烃物流以产生氢化的可蒸馏烃类产物同时最小化烃流的热降解的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：（a）使烃流与第一氢 - 富氧气流在闪蒸条件下在闪蒸区中具有大于烃流的温度，从而提高烃流的温度并蒸发其至少一部分，以提供包含氢的烃蒸气流和包含不可蒸馏的重质流零件; （b）在加氢条件下，在加氢反应区中使包含氢气的烃类蒸气物流与氢化催化剂接触，以增加烃类蒸气流中所含烃类化合物的氢含量; （c）将来自氢化反应区的所得流出物的至少一部分冷凝以提供第二富氢气流和包含氢化的可蒸馏烃类化合物的液体流; （d）从包含氢化的可馏分烃类化合物的液体物流中回收氢化的可蒸馏烃类产物; 和（e）使包含从步骤（a）回收的不可蒸馏组分的至少一部分重质流在热焦化条件下在热焦化区中反应，以提供热焦化区流出物。

88. 发明授权

US4806233A Method of separating a hot hydrocarbonaceous stream 失效
标题翻译：分离热含烃物流的方法
公开(公告)号：US4806233A
公开(公告)日：1989-02-21
申请号：US90276
申请日：1987-08-28
申请人： Robert B. James, Jr. , Tom N. Kalnes
发明人： Robert B. James, Jr. , Tom N. Kalnes
IPC分类号： C07C7/00 , C10G49/22 , C10G9/16 , C07C5/28
CPC分类号： C07C7/005 , C10G49/22 , Y10S505/854
摘要： A method of separating a hot hydrocarbonaceous stream having a temperature above the dew point of water and comprising hydrogen, vaporous hydrocarbonaceous compounds and an acidic inorganic compound which method comprises: (a) contacting the hot hydrocarbonaceous stream at a temperature above the dew point of water in a contacting zone with an aqueous alkaline solution in an amount sufficient to simultaneously neutralize the acidic inorganic compound and to cool the hot hydrocarbonaceous stream to a temperature below the dew point of water to produce a flowing stream comprising a hydrogen-rich gas, a liquid hydrocarbonaceous phase and an aqueous solution containing inorganic neutralization products; and (b) introducing the flowing stream produced in step (a) into a separation zone to gravitationally produce an aqueous phase containing inorganic neutralization products, a hydrogen-rich gaseous phase and a hydrocarbonaceous liquid phase.
摘要翻译：一种分离温度高于水露点并包含氢，气态烃化合物和酸性无机化合物的热含烃物流的方法，该方法包括：（a）在高于露点露点的温度下使热含烃物流接触在与碱性水溶液的接触区中，其含量足以同时中和酸性无机化合物，并将热的含烃物流冷却至低于露点的温度，以产生包含富氢气体，液体含烃相和含有无机中和产物的水溶液; 和（b）将步骤（a）中产生的流动流引入分离区以重力产生含有无机中和产物，富氢气相和含烃液相的水相。

89. 发明授权

US09193926B2 Fuel compositions and methods based on biomass pyrolysis 有权
标题翻译：基于生物质热解的燃料组成和方法
公开(公告)号：US09193926B2
公开(公告)日：2015-11-24
申请号：US12969263
申请日：2010-12-15
申请人： Tom N. Kalnes
发明人： Tom N. Kalnes
IPC分类号： C10L1/00 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/02 , C10B53/02 , C10C5/00 , C10G1/02 , C10G1/06 , C10G1/08 , C10L1/182 , C10G3/00 , C10L1/16
CPC分类号： C10L1/023 , C10B53/02 , C10C5/00 , C10G1/02 , C10G1/06 , C10G1/08 , C10G3/42 , C10G3/50 , C10G2300/1014 , C10G2300/104 , C10G2300/202 , C10G2300/301 , C10G2300/305 , C10G2300/4043 , C10G2400/02 , C10G2400/04 , C10G2400/08 , C10L1/1616 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/1824 , C10L2200/0423 , C10L2200/0469 , C10L2290/02 , Y02E50/14 , Y02E50/32 , Y02P20/145 , Y02P30/10 , Y02P30/20
摘要： Fuel compositions exhibiting reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, based on a lifecycle assessment from the time of cultivation of feedstocks (in the case of plant materials) or extraction of feedstocks (in the case of fossil fuels) required for the compositions (up to and including the ultimate combustion of the fuel composition by the end user) are disclosed. The reduced level of emissions (“carbon footprint”) is achieved by incorporating a pyrolysis derived component having a higher heating value than ethanol and meeting other applicable standards for fossil fuel (e.g., petroleum) derived components conventionally used for the same purpose, such as transportation fuels. Advantageously, fuel compositions comprising pyrolysis derived gasoline can exhibit lower GHG emissions than gasoline derived solely from petroleum, or even conventional blends of petroleum derived gasoline and ethanol.
摘要翻译：基于从原料（在植物材料的情况下）培养或提取组合物所需的原料（在化石燃料的情况下）的生命周期评估，燃料组合物显示减少的温室气体（GHG）排放量（直到并且包括最终用户对燃料组合物的最终燃烧）。降低的排放水平（“碳足迹”）通过引入具有比乙醇更高的热值的热解衍生组分并满足通常用于相同目的的化石燃料（例如，石油）衍生组分的其它适用标准来实现，例如运输燃料。有利地，包含热解衍生的汽油的燃料组合物可以比仅由石油衍生的汽油或甚至石油衍生的汽油和乙醇的常规共混物表现出较低的温室气体排放。

90. 发明授权

US09039790B2 Hydroprocessing of fats, oils, and waxes to produce low carbon footprint distillate fuels 有权
标题翻译：脂肪，油和蜡的加工，以生产低碳足迹馏出燃料
公开(公告)号：US09039790B2
公开(公告)日：2015-05-26
申请号：US12969404
申请日：2010-12-15
申请人： Tom N. Kalnes
发明人： Tom N. Kalnes
IPC分类号： C10L1/18 , C10L1/00 , C10G47/00 , C10G3/00
CPC分类号： C10L1/00 , C10G3/42 , C10G3/50 , C10G47/00 , C10G2300/1014 , C10G2300/1022 , C10G2300/4081 , C10L2200/0476 , Y02E50/13 , Y02P30/10 , Y02P30/20 , Y02T50/678
摘要： Methods for making a fuel composition comprising contacting one or more components of a hydroprocessing feedstock, for example both a fatty acid- or triglyceride-containing component and a paraffin-rich component, with hydrogen under catalytic hydroprocessing conditions are disclosed. The methods are effective to upgrade the component(s) and provide a hydroprocessed biofuel. A representative method utilizes a single-stage process in which hydrogen-containing recycle gas is circulated through both a hydrodeoxygenation zone and a hydrocracking zone in series.
摘要翻译：公开了制备燃料组合物的方法，其包括在催化加氢处理条件下将加氢处理原料的一种或多种组分，例如含有脂肪酸或甘油三酯的组分和富含石蜡的组分与氢接触。这些方法有效地升级组分并提供加氢处理的生物燃料。代表性的方法是利用其中含氢循环气体通过加氢脱氧区和加氢裂化区串联循环的单阶段方法。

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