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51. 发明授权

US4365010A Photoelectrochromic generator and display device 失效
标题翻译：光电致发光体和显示装置
公开(公告)号：US4365010A
公开(公告)日：1982-12-21
申请号：US230850
申请日：1981-02-02
申请人： Allen J. Bard , Fu-Ren F. Fan , Benjamin Reichman
发明人： Allen J. Bard , Fu-Ren F. Fan , Benjamin Reichman
IPC分类号： G02F1/155 , H01G9/20 , H01M14/00 , H01M6/36 , G02F1/01
CPC分类号： H01M14/005 , G02F1/155 , H01G9/20
摘要： A photoelectrochromic display device having a semiconductor electrode, and a counterelectrode made of a selected metallic material is presented. The electrode and counterelectrode are immersed in an aqueous solution containing heptyl viologen. The device is usable as a display device, as a storage battery, and as an alternating current photoelectric generator. As a display device, the cell requires only two leads rather than multiple leads and complicated electrical addressing and decoding required for most multi-character displays.
摘要翻译：本发明提供一种具有半导体电极的光电显示装置和由选择的金属材料制成的反电极。将电极和反电极浸入含有庚基紫精的水溶液中。该装置可用作显示装置，作为蓄电池，并可用作交流光电发生器。作为显示设备，该单元仅需要两个引线而不是多个引线，并且大多数多字符显示器需要复杂的电寻址和解码。

52. 发明授权

US5776633A Carbon/carbon composite materials and use thereof in electrochemical cells 失效
标题翻译：碳/碳复合材料及其在电化学电池中的应用
公开(公告)号：US5776633A
公开(公告)日：1998-07-07
申请号：US727856
申请日：1996-10-07
申请人： Edward N. Mrotek , Benjamin Reichman , MengPing Yin
发明人： Edward N. Mrotek , Benjamin Reichman , MengPing Yin
IPC分类号： C25B11/12 , H01G9/00 , H01G9/155 , H01M4/00 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/96
CPC分类号： H01G9/155 , C25B11/12 , H01M4/00 , H01M4/96 , H01M2004/029 , Y02E60/13
摘要： Carbon/carbon composite materials for use in electrochemical cells are prepared by carbonizing a resin material used to bind a layer of carbon containing material to convert the resin to residual carbon. In one embodiment of the invention, the carbon containing material is a mixture of activated carbon fibers and activated carbon powder. In another embodiment, an activated carbon fabric is used instead of the discrete carbon fibers. Substantial improvements in mechanical properties, resistivity and surface area are achieved in the present invention. The composite materials may be used in the fabrication of electrodes and bipolar electrical devices such as capacitors.
摘要翻译：用于电化学电池的碳/碳复合材料通过将用于结合含碳材料层的树脂材料碳化以将树脂转化为残余碳来制备。在本发明的一个实施方案中，含碳材料是活性炭纤维和活性炭粉末的混合物。在另一个实施方案中，使用活性炭织物代替离散的碳纤维。在本发明中实现了机械性能，电阻率和表面积的显着改进。复合材料可用于制造电极和诸如电容器的双极电气装置。

53. 发明授权

US5705259A Method of using a bipolar electrochemical storage device 失效
标题翻译：使用双极电化学存储装置的方法
公开(公告)号：US5705259A
公开(公告)日：1998-01-06
申请号：US547833
申请日：1995-10-25
申请人： Edward N. Mrotek , Benjamin Reichman
发明人： Edward N. Mrotek , Benjamin Reichman
IPC分类号： H01M4/02 , H01M4/14 , H01M4/68 , H01M6/48 , B32B9/00
CPC分类号： H01M4/02 , H01M4/14 , H01M4/68 , H01M2300/0011 , H01M6/48 , Y10S428/901 , Y10T428/24917 , Y10T428/25 , Y10T428/30 , Y10T428/31678
摘要： A double layer structure for use as a capacitor or battery electrode, for use in other electrochemical systems, includes in one embodiment a first layer containing conductive transition metal oxides and a second layer which includes conductive carbon embedded in a suitable binder. For capacitor and lead-acid battery applications the transition metal containing material is used as the negative terminal substrate. Another embodiment includes a carbon layer on an electrode surface, the electrode being made from the transition metal oxide in a binder. The last mentioned carbon layer is thin, inexpensive and more conductive than a laminate layer in which the carbon is imbedded in a self-supporting binder.
摘要翻译：用作其它电化学系统的电容器或电池电极的双层结构在一个实施方案中包括含有导电过渡金属氧化物的第一层和包含嵌入合适粘合剂中的导电碳的第二层。对于电容器和铅酸电池应用，使用含过渡金属的材料作为负极端子基板。另一实施例包括电极表面上的碳层，电极由粘合剂中的过渡金属氧化物制成。最后提到的碳层比其中碳嵌入自支撑粘合剂中的层压层薄，便宜且导电性更好。

54. 发明授权

US4656103A Liquid junction photoelectrodes using amorphous silicon-based thin film semiconductor 失效
标题翻译：使用非晶硅基薄膜半导体的液相光电极
公开(公告)号：US4656103A
公开(公告)日：1987-04-07
申请号：US736433
申请日：1985-05-20
申请人： Benjamin Reichman , Gao Liang , Krishna Sapru
发明人： Benjamin Reichman , Gao Liang , Krishna Sapru
IPC分类号： C25B1/00 , H01G9/20 , H01M6/36 , C25B1/02
CPC分类号： H01G9/20 , C25B1/003 , Y02E60/368 , Y02P20/134 , Y02P20/135 , Y10S204/03
摘要： An amorphous silicon semiconductor alloy having multiple layers is used to form a photoelectrode (either a photoanode or a photocathode) for use in a photoelectrochemical cell for the photoelectrolysis of water to produce hydrogen or the conversion of solar energy into electrical energy. Each layer of the semiconductor alloy has a different dopant concentration ranging from no dopant to a heavy dopant concentration. The photoelectrochemical cell can utilize a photocathode and a conventional metal anode, a photoanode or both a photocathode and a photoanode according to the present invention. The semiconductor alloy of the photoelectrode is a-Si:F:H or a-Si:H.sub.x deposited on a reflective layer of aluminum or molybdenum which is deposited on a substrate of glass or stainless steel. A tunnelable oxide layer can be deposited or intrinsically formed to cover and protect the top surface of the semiconductor alloy body. The photoanode is of an n-type configuration while the photocathodes can be either a p-type or a P-I-N type configuration.
摘要翻译：使用具有多层的非晶硅半导体合金来形成用于光电化学电池的光电极（光电阳极或光电阴极），用于光电解水以产生氢气或将太阳能转换成电能。半导体合金的每个层具有不同掺杂剂浓度，从不掺杂剂到重掺杂剂浓度。光电化学电池可以利用根据本发明的光电阴极和常规金属阳极，光电阳极或光电阴极和光电阳极。光电极的半导体合金是沉积在铝或钼的反射层上的a-Si：F：H或a-Si：Hx，其沉积在玻璃或不锈钢的基板上。隧道状氧化物层可以沉积或固有地形成以覆盖并保护半导体合金体的顶表面。光电阳极是n型结构，而光电阴极可以是p型或P-I-N型构型。

55. 发明授权

US4511638A Photoresponsive amorphous semiconductor materials, methods of making the same, and photoanodes made therewith 失效
标题翻译：光反应性非晶半导体材料，其制造方法和由其制成的光电阳极
公开(公告)号：US4511638A
公开(公告)日：1985-04-16
申请号：US499900
申请日：1983-06-01
申请人： Krishna Sapru , Benjamin Reichman , Gao Liang
发明人： Krishna Sapru , Benjamin Reichman , Gao Liang
IPC分类号： C25B1/00 , H01G9/20 , H01L31/04 , H01L31/20 , H01M14/00 , H01M6/36 , C25B11/10
CPC分类号： C25B1/003 , H01G9/20 , H01L31/20 , H01M14/005 , Y02E10/542 , Y02P20/135 , Y10S204/03
摘要： A photoresponsive amorphous semiconductor material is modified by incorporating at least one compensating agent selected from a group consisting of hydrogen, lithium, fluorine, beryllium, aluminum, boron, magnesium, other Group I elements, and compounds of these elements. The semiconductor material is cathodically treated either simultaneously with or subsequent to this modification. The semiconductor material may be additionally modified by incorporating a second modifying agent selected from a group consisting of silicon, the transition elements, the lanthanides, and compounds of these elements. The semiconductor material also may be subjected to heat treatment in an inert atmosphere before the cathodic treatment.A photoanode utilizing the above described semiconductor material further includes a substrate to support a film of said material. The photoanode may additionally include a second semiconductor film having a small band gap inserted between said substrate and said first semiconductor film. These photoanodes may be used in an electrochemical cell for the conversion of light into electrical energy or energy stored in a fuel.
摘要翻译：通过掺入至少一种选自氢，锂，氟，铍，铝，硼，镁，其他I族元素的组分和这些元素的化合物来补偿光响应性非晶半导体材料。半导体材料在该修改或同时进行阴极处理。可以通过掺入选自硅，过渡元素，镧系元素和这些元素的化合物的第二改性剂来另外修饰半导体材料。半导体材料也可以在阴极处理之前在惰性气氛中进行热处理。利用上述半导体材料的光电阳极还包括用于支撑所述材料的膜的基板。光电二极管还可以包括在所述衬底和所述第一半导体膜之间插入小带隙的第二半导体膜。这些光电阳极可用于电化学电池中，用于将光转换成电能或存储在燃料中的能量。

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