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    • 41. 发明申请
    • Method for fullerene derivative and the fullerene derivative proton conductor and electrochemical device
    • 富勒烯衍生物和富勒烯衍生物质子导体和电化学装置的方法
    • US20040062971A1
    • 2004-04-01
    • US10451320
    • 2003-11-07
    • Berthold Nuber
    • H01M008/10
    • C07C305/20C07C35/44C07C309/25C07C2604/00H01M8/1016H01M8/1023Y02E60/324Y02P70/56Y10S977/734Y10S977/735Y10S977/74
    • Provided are a method of efficiently procuding fullerene into which a OH group or a SO3H group is introduced, such as fullerenol, or a derivative thereof, the fullerene and its derivative being preferable as a proton conductor, and a novel and usable proton conductor obtained by the method. Further, provided is an electrochemical device using the proton conductor such as a fuel cell or the like. In the producing method of the fullerene derivative, halogated fullerene, which is obtained through halogating a fullerene molecule is used as a precursor, the fullerene derivative is produced through introducing one or more proton dissociative group into at least one carbon atom of a fullerene molecule. Moreover, in a producing method of a polymerized fullerene derivative, a plurality of fullerene derivatives are bonded to one another by an aromatic group of an aromatic compound through reacting the plurality of fullerene derivatives with the aromatic compound. The fullerene derivative obtained by any of these method functions as a proton conductor, and an electrochemical device using the proton conductor such as a fuel cell can be downsized and simplified without atmosphere constraints.
    • 本发明提供一种有效地制备引入了OH基团或SO 3 H基团的富勒烯如富勒烯醇或其衍生物,富勒烯及其衍生物优选作为质子导体的方法,以及由式 方法。 此外,提供了使用诸如燃料电池等的质子导体的电化学装置。 在富勒烯衍生物的制造方法中,通过使富勒烯分子卤化获得的卤代富勒烯用作前体,富勒烯衍生物是通过将一个或多个质子离解基团引入富勒烯分子的至少一个碳原子而制备的。 此外,在聚合的富勒烯衍生物的制造方法中,通过使多种富勒烯衍生物与芳香族化合物反应,多个富勒烯衍生物通过芳香族化合物的芳香族基团彼此键合。 通过这些方法中的任何一种获得的富勒烯衍生物用作质子导体,并且使用诸如燃料电池的质子导体的电化学装置可以在没有气氛限制的情况下被小型化和简化。
    • 47. 发明授权
    • Method and system for providing a nonvolatile logic array
    • 用于提供非易失性逻辑阵列的方法和系统
    • US08890569B2
    • 2014-11-18
    • US13557376
    • 2012-07-25
    • Dmytro ApalkovEugene ChenKaveh Milaninia
    • Dmytro ApalkovEugene ChenKaveh Milaninia
    • B82Y25/00H01L43/02H01L27/22H03K19/08H01L43/12
    • H01L27/224H01L43/08H01L43/12Y10S977/74
    • A method and system provide and program a nonvolatile logic device. The nonvolatile logic device includes input and output magnetic junctions and at least one magnetic junction between the input and output magnetic junctions. The input magnetic junction includes an input junction free layer having an input junction easy axis. The input magnetic junction may be switchable using a current driven through the magnetic junction. The output magnetic junction includes an output junction free layer having an output junction easy axis. Each of the magnetic junction(s) includes a free layer having an easy axis. The input magnetic junction is magnetically coupled to the output magnetic junction through the magnetic junction(s). In some aspects, the method includes switching the magnetic moment(s) of the input magnetic junction from a first state to a second state, applying and then removing magnetic field(s) along the hard axis of the at least one magnetic junction.
    • 方法和系统提供和编程非易失性逻辑器件。 非易失性逻辑器件包括输入和输出磁结以及输入和输出磁性结之间的至少一个磁结。 输入磁结包括具有输入结易轴的输入结自由层。 可以使用通过磁结驱动的电流来切换输入磁结。 输出磁结包括具有输出结容易轴的输出结自由层。 每个磁结包括具有容易轴的自由层。 输入磁结通过磁结磁耦合到输出磁结。 在一些方面,该方法包括将输入磁结的磁矩从第一状态切换到第二状态,施加沿着至少一个磁结的硬轴去除磁场。