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41. 发明授权

US06548202B2 Carbon-supported catalysts for fuel cells 失效
标题翻译：用于燃料电池的碳载催化剂
公开(公告)号：US06548202B2
公开(公告)日：2003-04-15
申请号：US09799183
申请日：2001-03-05
申请人： Stephen A. Campbell , Jason Edward Chisham , David P. Wilkinson
发明人： Stephen A. Campbell , Jason Edward Chisham , David P. Wilkinson
IPC分类号： H01M496
CPC分类号： H01M4/9083 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8846 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/1004 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： Carbon-supported catalysts are frequently employed in the electrodes of solid polymer fuel cells in order to make efficient use of the catalyst therein. The catalyst utilization in the electrode and the fuel cell performance can be further improved by introducing acidic surface oxide groups on the carbon-supported catalyst. The introduction of acidic surface oxide groups on the carbon-supported catalyst can be accomplished by treating the carbon-supported catalyst with a suitable acid, such as nitric acid, before incorporating the carbon-supported catalyst in a fuel cell electrode. The present technique is particularly suitable for use in solid polymer fuel cell cathodes.
摘要翻译：为了有效利用其中的催化剂，常常在固体聚合物燃料电池的电极中使用碳载体催化剂。通过在碳载体催化剂上引入酸性表面氧化物基，能够进一步提高电极中的催化剂利用率和燃料电池性能。在碳载体催化剂上引入酸性表面氧化物基团可以通过在将碳载体催化剂加入到燃料电池电极中之前，用合适的酸如硝酸处理碳负载的催化剂来实现。本技术特别适用于固体聚合物燃料电池阴极。

42. 发明授权

US5976726A Electrochemical cell with fluid distribution layer having integral sealing capability 失效
标题翻译：具有集成密封能力的流体分布层的电化学电池
公开(公告)号：US5976726A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-02
申请号：US846653
申请日：1997-05-01
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Juergen Stumper , Stephen A. Campbell , Michael T. Davis , Gordon J. Lamont
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Juergen Stumper , Stephen A. Campbell , Michael T. Davis , Gordon J. Lamont
IPC分类号： H01M8/02 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/24
CPC分类号： H01M8/241 , H01M8/0206 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/0226 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0236 , H01M8/0239 , H01M8/0243 , H01M8/0245 , H01M8/0256 , H01M8/0263 , H01M8/0271 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/0221 , Y10T29/4911 , Y10T428/30
摘要： An electrochemical fuel cell comprises a pair of separator plates and a pair of fluid distribution layers interposed between the separator plates. At least one of the fluid distribution layers comprises a sealing region and an electrically conductive, fluid permeable active region, and a preformed sheet material extending into each of the sealing region and the active region. An ion exchange membrane is interposed between at least a portion of the fluid distribution layers, and a quantity of electrocatalyst is interposed between at least a portion of each of the fluid distribution layers and at least a portion of the membrane, thereby defining the active region. Compression of the preformed sheet material by urging of the pair of plates towards each other renders the at least one fluid distribution layer substantially fluid impermeable in a direction parallel to the major planar surfaces, in the sealing region. The performed sheet material included in the at least one fluid distribution layer thus has intrinsic sealing capability. This approach reduces or eliminates the need for separate gaskets or sealing components and integrates several functions, such as sealing, fluid distribution, and current collection, in a single layer.
摘要翻译：一种电化学燃料电池包括一对分隔板和一对介于隔板之间的流体分布层。流体分配层中的至少一个包括密封区域和导电的，可流体渗透的有源区域，以及延伸到每个密封区域和活性区域中的预成型片材。在至少一部分流体分配层之间插入离子交换膜，并且在每个流体分配层的至少一部分和至少一部分膜之间插入一定量的电催化剂，由此限定有源区。通过使一对板彼此推动来压缩预成型片材使得至少一个流体分配层在密封区域中在平行于主平面的方向上基本上不可渗透。因此，包含在至少一个流体分配层中的所执行的片材具有固有的密封能力。这种方法减少或消除了对单独的垫片或密封部件的需求，并且在单层中集成了诸如密封，流体分配和电流收集的几个功能。

43. 发明授权

US5763765A Method and apparatus for detecting and locating perforations in membranes employed in electrochemical cells 失效
标题翻译：用于检测和定位在电化学电池中使用的膜中穿孔的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5763765A
公开(公告)日：1998-06-09
申请号：US719342
申请日：1996-09-25
申请人： Gordon J. Lamont , David P. Wilkinson
发明人： Gordon J. Lamont , David P. Wilkinson
IPC分类号： B01D65/10 , H01M2/14 , H01M8/02 , G01M3/04
CPC分类号： B01D65/102 , H01M2/14 , H01M8/0289
摘要： A method and apparatus detects and locates perforations in membranes used in electrochemical cells. The membrane has first and second oppositely facing major planar surfaces. The first surface is exposed to a first reactant fluid, preferably a gaseous mixture comprising hydrogen, while the second surface is exposed to a second reactant fluid, preferably ambient air comprising oxygen. The first and second reactant fluids are substantially fluidly isolated from each other by the membrane when no perforations are present in the membrane. The first reactant fluid contacts the second reactant fluid when at least one perforation is present in the membrane. The first and second reactant fluids exothermically react upon contact, preferably in the presence of a catalyst, to generate heat, which is then detected using an infrared thermal detector or thermal imaging device or a layer of thermally sensitive film positioned in proximity with the membrane.
摘要翻译：一种方法和装置检测并定位在电化学电池中使用的膜中的穿孔。膜具有第一和第二相对面的主平面。第一表面暴露于第一反应物流体，优选包含氢气的气体混合物，而第二表面暴露于第二反应物流体，优选包含氧的环境空气。当膜中没有穿孔时，第一和第二反应物流体通过膜基本上流体地隔离。当膜中存在至少一个穿孔时，第一反应物流体接触第二反应物流体。第一和第二反应物流体在接触时放热反应，优选在催化剂存在下放热反应产生热量，然后使用红外热检测器或热成像装置或位于膜附近的热敏膜层进行检测。

44. 发明授权

US08988085B2 Sensor for measuring the concentration of a solvent or solute in a mixed solution system 有权
标题翻译：用于测量混合溶液系统中溶剂或溶质浓度的传感器
公开(公告)号：US08988085B2
公开(公告)日：2015-03-24
申请号：US13147025
申请日：2010-02-05
申请人： Jun Shen , Caikang (Elton) Gu , Jiujun Zhang , David P. Wilkinson , Haijiang Wang
发明人： Jun Shen , Caikang (Elton) Gu , Jiujun Zhang , David P. Wilkinson , Haijiang Wang
IPC分类号： G01N27/22
CPC分类号： G01N27/22
摘要： The invention described relates to an apparatus and method for measuring the concentration of a low molecular weight alcohol, in an aqueous liquid feed solution, comprising a first sensor including a hydrophilic capillary tube having an inner diameter, being disposed between two electrodes to form a first capacitor, a second sensor including a hydrophobic capillary tube having the same inner diameter as a capillary tube of the first sensor; said hydrophobic capillary tube having a hydrophobic coating on the inner diameter, being disposed between two electrodes to form a second capacitor, wherein the first hydrophilic and second hydrophobic sensors are dipped to the same depth in the aqueous solution to measure the solution concentration, means for measuring the capacitance of the two capacitors, and control means including a control circuit driven by a computer, wherein the difference in capacitance between the two capacitors is a measure of the concentration of the solution, independent of the depth of dipping of the two capacitors in the aqueous solution. In another embodiment, a single hydrophilic sensor is employed.
摘要翻译：所描述的本发明涉及一种在水性液体进料溶液中测量低分子量醇的浓度的装置和方法，该装置和方法包括：第一传感器，包括具有内径的亲水性毛细管，设置在两个电极之间以形成第一电容器，第二传感器，包括具有与第一传感器的毛细管相同的内径的疏水性毛细管; 所述疏水性毛细管在内径上具有疏水性涂层，设置在两个电极之间以形成第二电容器，其中第一亲水和第二疏水传感器浸入水溶液中相同的深度以测量溶液浓度，测量两个电容器的电容，以及包括由计算机驱动的控制电路的控制装置，其中两个电容器之间的电容差是测量溶液的浓度，而与两个电容器的浸入深度无关水溶液。在另一个实施方案中，使用单个亲水性传感器。

45. 发明授权

US07014935B2 Solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack having specific corrosion resistant cells 失效
标题翻译：固体聚合物电解质燃料电池堆具有特定的耐腐蚀电池
公开(公告)号：US07014935B2
公开(公告)日：2006-03-21
申请号：US10411895
申请日：2003-04-11
申请人： Shanna D. Knights , David P. Wilkinson
发明人： Shanna D. Knights , David P. Wilkinson
IPC分类号： H01M8/10 , H01M4/86
CPC分类号： H01M4/926 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/1007
摘要： A solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack having a plurality of fuel cells, wherein at least one cell of the fuel cell stack has a resistance to corrosion that is greater than a significant portion of the other fuel cells of the stack. In one embodiment, the at least one fuel cell of the fuel cell stack that is more resistant to corrosion is one or both end cells of the stack. Also disclosed is a fuel cell system containing such a stack, as well as methods for reducing degradation of the same during operation.
摘要翻译：一种具有多个燃料电池的固体聚合物电解质燃料电池堆，其中所述燃料电池堆的至少一个电池具有大于所述电池堆的其它燃料电池的相当大部分的腐蚀性。在一个实施例中，燃料电池堆的至少一个更耐腐蚀的燃料电池是电池堆的一个或两个端电池。还公开了包含这种堆的燃料电池系统，以及用于在运行期间降低其劣化的方法。

46. 发明授权

US06896792B2 Method and device for improved catalytic activity in the purification of fluids 失效
标题翻译：用于改善流体净化中催化活性的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06896792B2
公开(公告)日：2005-05-24
申请号：US10167063
申请日：2002-06-11
申请人： Jean St-Pierre , David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell
发明人： Jean St-Pierre , David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell
IPC分类号： B01J23/42 , B01J38/00 , C25B3/02 , H01M8/06 , C25D17/00
CPC分类号： H01M8/0662
摘要： The activity of catalysts used in promoting the oxidation of certain oxidizable species in fluids can be enhanced via electrochemical methods, e.g., NEMCA. In particular, the activity of catalysts used in the selective oxidation of carbon monoxide can be enhanced. A purification system that exploits this effect is useful in purifying reformate supplied as fuel to a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack. The purification system comprises an electrolytic cell with fluid diffusion electrodes. The activity of catalyst incorporated in the cell anode is enhanced.
摘要翻译：用于促进流体中某些可氧化物质氧化的催化剂的活性可以通过电化学方法例如NEMCA来增强。特别地，可以提高用于选择性氧化一氧化碳的催化剂的活性。利用这种效果的净化系统可用于将作为燃料提供的重整产物纯化成固体聚合物电解质燃料电池堆。净化系统包括具有流体扩散电极的电解池。加入到电池阳极中的催化剂的活性得到增强。

47. 发明授权

US06475651B1 Method and apparatus for detecting transfer leaks in fuel cells 失效
标题翻译：用于检测燃料电池中的转移泄漏的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06475651B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-05
申请号：US09628626
申请日：2000-07-31
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H01M8/04089
摘要： A method of detecting transfer leaks within a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell stack comprises: supplying fuel or inert gas to the oxidant manifold(s) of the stack at a first pressure; supplying the other of fuel or inert gas to the fuel manifold(s) at a second pressure greater than or equal to the first pressure; optionally supplying fuel to the coolant manifold(s) at a third pressure; applying a potential difference across at least one of the fuel cell assemblies; and measuring the transfer current across the fuel cell assembly or assemblies. A corresponding apparatus detects transfer leaks within solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells stacks.
摘要翻译：检测固体聚合物电解质燃料电池堆内的转移泄漏的方法包括：在第一压力下将燃料或惰性气体供应到堆叠的氧化剂歧管; 以大于或等于第一压力的第二压力将燃料或惰性气体中的另一种供应到燃料歧管; 可选地在第三压力下向所述冷却剂歧管供应燃料; 在所述燃料电池组件中的至少一个上施加电势差; 并测量燃料电池组件或组件上的传输电流。相应的装置检测固体聚合物电解质燃料电池堆内的转移泄漏。

48. 发明授权

US06472090B1 Method and apparatus for operating an electrochemical fuel cell with periodic reactant starvation 有权
标题翻译：用于操作具有周期性反应物饥饿的电化学燃料电池的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06472090B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-29
申请号：US09344763
申请日：1999-06-25
申请人： Kevin Michael Colbow , Marian van der Geest , Cindy J. Longley , Jens Müller , Joy Roberts , Jean St-Pierre , Peter Urban , Regina Wezel , David P. Wilkinson , Jiujun Zhang
发明人： Kevin Michael Colbow , Marian van der Geest , Cindy J. Longley , Jens Müller , Joy Roberts , Jean St-Pierre , Peter Urban , Regina Wezel , David P. Wilkinson , Jiujun Zhang
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04753 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04679 , H01M8/04925 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457 , H01M8/2483 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： An electrochemical fuel cell is operated with periodic reactant starvation at either or both electrodes. Periodic reactant starvation conditions cause a change in the potential of the starved electrode and may result in the removal of electrocatalyst poisons and in improved fuel cell performance. This technique may have other beneficial effects at the electrodes, including performance improvements due to water management effects or localized heating effects at the starved electrode. In a preferred method, while successive localized portions of a fuel cell electrode are periodically reactant starved, the remainder of the fuel cell electrode remains electrochemically active and saturated with reactant such that the fuel cell is able to continue to generate power.
摘要翻译：电化学燃料电池在电极中的任一个或两个电极处周期性的反应物饥饿运行。周期性反应物饥饿条件导致饥饿电极的电位发生变化，并可能导致电催化剂毒物的消除和改进的燃料电池性能。该技术可能在电极处具有其他有益效果，包括由于在饥饿电极处的水管理效应或局部加热效应引起的性能改善。在优选的方法中，虽然燃料电池电极的连续局部部分周期性地反应性不足，但燃料电池电极的其余部分保持电化学活性并用反应物饱和，使得燃料电池能够继续发电。

49. 发明授权

US06413664B1 Fuel cell separator plate with discrete fluid distribution features 失效
标题翻译：具有离散流体分布特征的燃料电池隔板
公开(公告)号：US06413664B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-02
申请号：US09471704
申请日：1999-12-23
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Olen Vanderleeden , James T. Dudley
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Olen Vanderleeden , James T. Dudley
IPC分类号： H01M802
CPC分类号： H01M8/0263 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/0226 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/241
摘要： An electrically conductive, substantially fluid impermeable fuel cell separator plate comprises a substantially planar major surface for facing a fluid permeable fuel cell electrode, a fluid inlet through which a fluid may be directed to the planar major surface, a fluid outlet through which fluid may be removed from the planar major surface, and at least one discrete fluid distribution feature, such as a channel, formed in the planar major surface. Within the thickness of the plate, the fluid distribution feature is fluidly isolated from the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, such that in a fuel cell assembly the reactant fluid must pass through the adjacent fluid permeable electrode to travel between the discrete fluid distribution feature and each of the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet.
摘要翻译：导电的，基本上流体的不可渗透的燃料电池分离器板包括用于面对流体可渗透的燃料电池电极的基本平坦的主表面，流体可以通过该流体入口到平面主表面的流体入口，流体可以通过该流体出口流动从平面主表面移除，以及形成在平面主表面中的至少一个离散流体分布特征，例如通道。在板的厚度内，流体分布特征与流体入口和流体出口流体隔离，使得在燃料电池组件中，反应物流体必须通过相邻的流体可渗透电极，以在离散流体分配特征和每个流体入口和流体出口。

50. 发明授权

US06329089B1 Method and apparatus for increasing the temperature of a fuel cell 有权
标题翻译：提高燃料电池温度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06329089B1
公开(公告)日：2001-12-11
申请号：US09345667
申请日：1999-06-30
申请人： Joy Roberts , Marian van der Geest , Jean St-Pierre , David P. Wilkinson , Alvin Lee , Stephanie Moroz
发明人： Joy Roberts , Marian van der Geest , Jean St-Pierre , David P. Wilkinson , Alvin Lee , Stephanie Moroz
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04302 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04268 , H01M8/04298 , H01M8/04365 , H01M8/04552 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04589 , H01M8/04701 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/0488 , H01M8/0491 , H01M8/04925 , H01M8/0494 , H01M8/0662 , H01M8/1007 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457 , H01M8/2483 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A method and apparatus increase the temperature of a fuel cell via reactant starvation at one or both electrodes. Reactant starvation at an electrode results in an increased overvoltage at the electrode and hence increased internal heat generation under load. Starvation conditions can be prolonged or intermittent and can be obtained, for example, by suitably reducing the supply rate of a reactant or by operating the fuel cell at sufficiently high current density so as to consume reactant faster than it is supplied. The method can allow for some generation of useful power by the fuel cell during start-up. The method is particularly suitable for starting up a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell from temperatures below 0° C.
摘要翻译：一种方法和装置通过一个或两个电极处的反应物饥饿来增加燃料电池的温度。电极上的反应物饥饿导致电极上的过电压增加，从而增加负载下的内部发热。饥饿条件可以延长或间歇，并且可以通过例如通过适当地降低反应物的供应速率或通过以足够高的电流密度操作燃料电池来获得，以便比所提供的反应物更快地消耗反应物。该方法可以允许燃料电池在启动期间产生有用的功率。该方法特别适用于从低于0℃的温度启动固体聚合物电解质燃料电池。

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