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1. 发明授权

US06413664B1 Fuel cell separator plate with discrete fluid distribution features 失效
标题翻译：具有离散流体分布特征的燃料电池隔板
公开(公告)号：US06413664B1
公开(公告)日：2002-07-02
申请号：US09471704
申请日：1999-12-23
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Olen Vanderleeden , James T. Dudley
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Olen Vanderleeden , James T. Dudley
IPC分类号： H01M802
CPC分类号： H01M8/0263 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/0226 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/241
摘要： An electrically conductive, substantially fluid impermeable fuel cell separator plate comprises a substantially planar major surface for facing a fluid permeable fuel cell electrode, a fluid inlet through which a fluid may be directed to the planar major surface, a fluid outlet through which fluid may be removed from the planar major surface, and at least one discrete fluid distribution feature, such as a channel, formed in the planar major surface. Within the thickness of the plate, the fluid distribution feature is fluidly isolated from the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet, such that in a fuel cell assembly the reactant fluid must pass through the adjacent fluid permeable electrode to travel between the discrete fluid distribution feature and each of the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet.
摘要翻译：导电的，基本上流体的不可渗透的燃料电池分离器板包括用于面对流体可渗透的燃料电池电极的基本平坦的主表面，流体可以通过该流体入口到平面主表面的流体入口，流体可以通过该流体出口流动从平面主表面移除，以及形成在平面主表面中的至少一个离散流体分布特征，例如通道。在板的厚度内，流体分布特征与流体入口和流体出口流体隔离，使得在燃料电池组件中，反应物流体必须通过相邻的流体可渗透电极，以在离散流体分配特征和每个流体入口和流体出口。

2. 发明授权

US08632927B2 Membraneless fuel cell and method of operating same 有权
标题翻译：无膜燃料电池及其运行方法
公开(公告)号：US08632927B2
公开(公告)日：2014-01-21
申请号：US12598371
申请日：2008-04-30
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Alfred Lam
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Alfred Lam
IPC分类号： H01M8/04 , H01M8/16 , H01M8/06 , H01M8/22 , H01M4/02 , H01M4/36
CPC分类号： H01M4/92 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0234 , H01M8/04197 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1009
摘要： A direct fuel cell comprises a cathode comprising electroactive catalyst material; and an anode assembly comprising an anode having a porous layer and electroactive catalyst material in the porous layer. The electrode characteristics of the anode assembly are selected so that fuel supplied to the anode is reacted within the anode so that cross-over from the anode to the cathode does not have more than a 10% negative effect on voltage or a 25 mV voltage loss when at peak power and steady state conditions. The anode and cathode each have a first major surface facing each other in non-electrical contact and without a microporous separator or ion exchange membrane therebetween.
摘要翻译：直接燃料电池包括包含电活性催化剂材料的阴极; 以及阳极组件，其包括在所述多孔层中具有多孔层的阳极和电活性催化剂材料。选择阳极组件的电极特性使得供给阳极的燃料在阳极内反应，使得从阳极到阴极的交叉不会对电压或25mV的电压损失产生10％以上的负面影响在峰值功率和稳态条件下。阳极和阴极各自具有非电接触的彼此面对的第一主表面，并且在它们之间没有微孔分离器或离子交换膜。

3. 发明授权

US06764780B2 Method and apparatus for increasing the temperature of a fuel cell 有权
标题翻译：提高燃料电池温度的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06764780B2
公开(公告)日：2004-07-20
申请号：US09822693
申请日：2001-03-30
申请人： Joy Roberts , Marian van der Geest , Jean St-Pierre , David P. Wilkinson , Alvin Lee , Stephanie Moroz
发明人： Joy Roberts , Marian van der Geest , Jean St-Pierre , David P. Wilkinson , Alvin Lee , Stephanie Moroz
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04302 , H01M8/0258 , H01M8/0267 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04223 , H01M8/04253 , H01M8/04268 , H01M8/04298 , H01M8/04365 , H01M8/04552 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04589 , H01M8/04701 , H01M8/04753 , H01M8/0488 , H01M8/0491 , H01M8/04925 , H01M8/0494 , H01M8/0662 , H01M8/1007 , H01M8/241 , H01M8/2457 , H01M8/2483 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A method and apparatus increase the temperature of a fuel cell via reactant starvation at one or both electrodes. Reactant starvation at an electrode results in increased internal heat generation under load. Starvation conditions can be prolonged or intermittent and can be obtained, for example, by suitably reducing the supply rate of a reactant or by operating the fuel cell at sufficiently high current density so as to consume reactant faster than it is supplied. The method can allow for some generation of useful power by the fuel cell during start-up. The method is particularly suitable for starting up a solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell from temperatures below 0° C.
摘要翻译：一种方法和装置通过一个或两个电极处的反应物饥饿来增加燃料电池的温度。电极上的反应物饥饿导致负载下内部发热增加。饥饿条件可以延长或间歇，并且可以通过例如通过适当地降低反应物的供应速率或通过以足够高的电流密度操作燃料电池来获得，以便比所提供的反应物更快地消耗反应物。该方法可以允许燃料电池在启动期间产生有用的功率。该方法特别适用于从低于0℃的温度启动固体聚合物电解质燃料电池。

4. 发明授权

US06610432B1 Impregnation of microporous electrocatalyst particles for improving performance in an electrochemical fuel cell 失效
标题翻译：用于改善电化学燃料电池性能的微孔电催化剂颗粒的浸渍
公开(公告)号：US06610432B1
公开(公告)日：2003-08-26
申请号：US09623254
申请日：2000-11-21
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell , Joy A. Roberts
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell , Joy A. Roberts
IPC分类号： H01M810
CPC分类号： H01M8/1004 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8892 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/926 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A method is provided for treating electrocatalyst particles and using the treated electrocatalyst for improving performance in an electrochemical fuel cell. The treatment method comprises impregnating pores of the electrocatalyst particles with an impregnant wherein the pores comprise micropores which have an aperture size less than 0.1 micron. The impregnant is preferably ion-conducting and may comprise an organic acid, an inorganic acid, or a polymer. Alternatively, or in addition, the impregnant has an oxygen permeability greater than that of water. The method of impregnating the electrocatalyst particles preferably comprises the steps of contacting the electrocatalyst particles with an impregnant and subjecting the electrocatalyst particles to a vacuum and/or an elevated pressure above atmospheric pressure. The treated electrocatalyst particles are incorporated into an electrochemical fuel cell. The impregnant improves the mass transport properties for the movement of reactants and reaction products within the micropores of the electrocatalyst particles, thereby improving electrocatalyst utilization and electrochemical fuel cell performance for a fixed amount of electrocatalyst.
摘要翻译：提供了一种处理电催化剂颗粒并使用经处理的电催化剂改善电化学燃料电池性能的方法。处理方法包括用浸渍剂浸渍电催化剂颗粒的孔，其中孔包括孔径小于0.1微米的微孔。浸渍剂优选是离子导电的，并且可以包含有机酸，无机酸或聚合物。或者，或者另外，浸渍剂的氧气渗透性大于水。浸渍电催化剂颗粒的方法优选包括使电催化剂颗粒与浸渍剂接触并使电催化剂颗粒经受高于大气压的真空和/或高压的步骤。将经处理的电催化剂颗粒结合到电化学燃料电池中。浸渍剂改善了电催化剂颗粒微孔内反应物和反应产物运动的质量传递性能，从而提高了固定量的电催化剂的电催化剂利用率和电化学燃料电池性能。

5. 发明授权

US06492043B1 Method and apparatus for detecting a leak within a fuel cell 失效
标题翻译：用于检测燃料电池内的泄漏的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06492043B1
公开(公告)日：2002-12-10
申请号：US09220163
申请日：1998-12-23
申请人： Shanna D. Knights , David P. Wilkinson , Ruediger Nebelsiek , Jürgen Stumper
发明人： Shanna D. Knights , David P. Wilkinson , Ruediger Nebelsiek , Jürgen Stumper
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04029 , H01M8/04089 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A method detects fluid leaks within a fuel cell assembly. The method comprises (a) introducing a first supply fluid to a first fluid passage within the fuel cell assembly, wherein the first supply fluid comprises a tracer; (b) introducing a second supply fluid to a second fluid passage within the fuel cell assembly, wherein in the absence of a leak in the first fluid passage, the second fluid passage is fluidly isolated from the first fluid passage; and (c) monitoring a second fluid exhaust stream exiting from the second fluid passage and detecting when a concentration of the tracer is present within the second fluid exhaust stream.
摘要翻译：一种方法检测燃料电池组件内的流体泄漏。该方法包括（a）将第一供应流体引入燃料电池组件内的第一流体通道，其中第一供给流体包括示踪剂; （b）将第二供应流体引入燃料电池组件内的第二流体通道，其中在第一流体通道中没有泄漏的情况下，第二流体通道与第一流体通道流体隔离; 和（c）监测从第二流体通道出来的第二流体排出流，并且检测何时在第二流体排出流内存在示踪剂的浓度。

6. 发明授权

US06461751B1 Method and apparatus for operating a fuel cell 失效
标题翻译：用于操作燃料电池的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06461751B1
公开(公告)日：2002-10-08
申请号：US09455033
申请日：1999-12-06
申请人： Gustav Boehm , David P. Wilkinson , Shanna Knights , Reinhold Schamm , Nicholas J. Fletcher
发明人： Gustav Boehm , David P. Wilkinson , Shanna Knights , Reinhold Schamm , Nicholas J. Fletcher
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/04089
摘要： The present invention relates to improving the overall efficiency of a fuel cell system by reducing parasitic power consumption. A controller is programmed to decrease oxidant stoichiometry until oxidant starvation is detected or until oxidant stoichiometry is about one. When oxidant starvation is detected, the oxidant stoichiometry is increased until oxidant starvation is no longer detected. The fuel cell system employs a sensor for detecting an operational characteristic such as voltage output, or oxygen or hydrogen concentration in the cathode exhaust stream. The controller uses the operational characteristic to calculate oxidant stoichiometry or to determine when there is oxidant starvation at the cathode.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及通过降低寄生电力消耗来提高燃料电池系统的整体效率。控制器被编程为减少氧化剂化学计量，直到氧化剂缺乏被检测到或直到氧化剂化学计量约为1。当检测到氧化剂饥饿时，氧化剂化学计量增加，直到不再检测到氧化剂饥饿。燃料电池系统使用用于检测阴极排气流中的电压输出或氧气或氢气浓度的操作特性的传感器。控制器使用操作特性来计算氧化剂化学计量或确定何时在阴极处存在氧化剂缺乏。

7. 发明授权

US06350538B1 Fuel cell with fluid distribution layer having intergral sealing capability 有权
标题翻译：具有流体分布层的燃料电池具有整体密封能力
公开(公告)号：US06350538B1
公开(公告)日：2002-02-26
申请号：US09384531
申请日：1999-08-27
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell , Juergen Stumper
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell , Juergen Stumper
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/241 , H01M8/0206 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/0221 , H01M8/0226 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0236 , H01M8/0239 , H01M8/0243 , H01M8/0245 , H01M8/0256 , H01M8/0263 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/2483 , H01M2300/0082 , Y10T29/4911 , Y10T428/30
摘要： A fuel cell comprises a pair of separator plates and a pair of fluid distribution layers interposed between the separator plates. At least one of the fluid distribution layers comprises a sealing region and an electrically conductive, fluid permeable active region, and a thermoplastic polymeric material extending into each of the sealing region and the active region. An ion exchange membrane is interposed between at least a portion of the fluid distribution layers, and a quantity of electrocatalyst is interposed between at least a portion of each of the fluid distribution layers and at least a portion of the membrane, thereby defining the active region. Melt-bonding the thermoplastic material in the sealing region renders the at least one fluid distribution layer substantially fluid impermeable in a direction parallel to the major planar surfaces. This approach reduces or eliminates the need for separate gaskets or sealing components and integrates several functions, such as sealing, fluid distribution, and current collection in a single layer.
摘要翻译：燃料电池包括一对分隔板和插在隔板之间的一对流体分布层。流体分配层中的至少一个包括密封区域和导电的，可流体渗透的活性区域，以及延伸到每个密封区域和活性区域中的热塑性聚合物材料。在至少一部分流体分配层之间插入离子交换膜，并且在每个流体分配层的至少一部分和至少一部分膜之间插入一定量的电催化剂，从而限定活性区。将热塑性材料熔合在密封区域中使得至少一个流体分布层在平行于主平面的方向上基本上不渗透。这种方法减少或消除了对单独的垫圈或密封部件的需要，并且在单层中集成了诸如密封，流体分配和电流收集的几个功能。

8. 发明授权

US06306536B1 Method of reducing fuel cell performance degradation of an electrode comprising porous components 失效
标题翻译：降低包含多孔组分的电极的燃料电池性能降低的方法
公开(公告)号：US06306536B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-23
申请号：US09280147
申请日：1999-03-26
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Jean St.-Pierre , Joy A. Roberts , Stephen A. Campbell
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Jean St.-Pierre , Joy A. Roberts , Stephen A. Campbell
IPC分类号： H01M810
CPC分类号： H01M4/8892 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8807 , H01M4/9083 , H01M8/04253
摘要： An improved method reduces fuel cell performance degradation of an electrode comprising porous components. Electrochemical solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells typically have present therein a liquid which expands upon freezing, such as, for example water. The presence of such a liquid within the pores of the electrode components may cause performance degradation of the liquid freezes. The present method comprises employing an impregnant within at least some of the pores of the electrode components. The impregnant inhibits the deterioration of porous fuel cell components caused by expansion of the liquid within the pores when the fuel cell components are subjected to a temperature below the freezing temperature of the liquid. Preferably the impregnant does not expand when changing phases from a liquid to a solid. The impregnant may comprise an organic fluid, an organic acid, an inorganic acid, a polymer or dispersion.
摘要翻译：改进的方法降低了包含多孔组分的电极的燃料电池性能降低。电化学固体聚合物电解质燃料电池通常在其中存在冷冻时膨胀的液体，例如水。这种液体在电极组件的孔内的存在可能导致液体的性能降低。本方法包括在电极组分的至少一些孔内使用浸渍剂。当燃料电池组件经受低于液体冷冻温度的温度时，浸渍剂抑制由孔内的液体膨胀引起的多孔燃料电池组分的劣化。优选地，当将液相变成固体时，浸渍剂不膨胀。浸渍剂可以包含有机流体，有机酸，无机酸，聚合物或分散体。

9. 发明授权

US6153323A Electrode treatment method for improving performance in liquid feed fuel cells 失效
标题翻译：用于提高液体进料燃料电池性能的电极处理方法
公开(公告)号：US6153323A
公开(公告)日：2000-11-28
申请号：US173845
申请日：1998-10-16
申请人： Kevin M. Colbow , Jiujun Zhang , David P. Wilkinson
发明人： Kevin M. Colbow , Jiujun Zhang , David P. Wilkinson
IPC分类号： H01M4/88 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/00
CPC分类号： H01M4/8817 , H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8828 , H01M8/1009 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/1004 , Y02E60/523
摘要： Fuel cell performance in liquid feed fuel cells with an electrode comprising a carbonaceous substrate and an electrocatalyst can be increased by oxidizing the carbon substrate, particularly by electrochemical methods in acidic aqueous solution, prior to incorporation of the electrocatalyst. The treated substrate may thereafter be advantageously impregnated with a proton conducting ionomer to prevent excessive penetration of the applied catalyst into the substrate. The treatment method is particularly effective for direct methanol fuel cell anodes.
摘要翻译：在含有碳质基质和电催化剂的电极的液体进料燃料电池中的燃料电池性能可以通过在引入电催化剂之前，特别是通过电化学方法在酸性水溶液中氧化碳底物来提高。此后处理的基材可有利地用质子导电离聚物浸渍，以防止所施加的催化剂过度渗透到基材中。该处理方法对直接甲醇燃料电池阳极特别有效。

10. 发明授权

US6060190A Electrochemical fuel cell membrane electrode assembly with porous electrode substrate 失效
标题翻译：电化学燃料电池膜电极组件与多孔电极基板
公开(公告)号：US6060190A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-09
申请号：US217177
申请日：1998-12-21
申请人： Stephen A. Campbell , Juergen Stumper , David P. Wilkinson , Michael T. Davis
发明人： Stephen A. Campbell , Juergen Stumper , David P. Wilkinson , Michael T. Davis
IPC分类号： H01M4/86 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/10 , H01M4/88
CPC分类号： H01M4/8626 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/926 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M8/1009 , H01M2300/0082 , Y10T29/49108
摘要： A membrane electrode assembly for an electrochemical fuel cell includes a pair of electrodes and an ion exchange membrane interposed therebetween. At least one of the electrodes comprises a porous electrode substrate. The substrate comprises a preformed macroporous web having a through-plane resistivity of greater than 1 .OMEGA.*cm. The web contains an electrically conductive filler. A method for preparing the membrane electrode assembly includes the steps of (a) forming a porous electrode substrate for an electrochemical fuel cell by filling a preformed macroporous web, the web having a through-plane resistivity of greater than 1 .OMEGA.*cm, with an electrically conductive filler and (b) consolidating the electrode pair and ion exchange membrane to form a unitary assembly.
摘要翻译：用于电化学燃料电池的膜电极组件包括一对电极和置于其间的离子交换膜。至少一个电极包括多孔电极基底。该基材包括具有大于1欧米伽*厘米的直面电阻率的预成型大孔网。网包含导电填料。制备膜电极组件的方法包括以下步骤：（a）通过填充预成型的大孔网形成用于电化学燃料电池的多孔电极基底，所述网的直面电阻率大于1欧米加*厘米，导电填料和（b）固结电极对和离子交换膜以形成整体组件。

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