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1. 发明授权

US06548202B2 Carbon-supported catalysts for fuel cells 失效
标题翻译：用于燃料电池的碳载催化剂
公开(公告)号：US06548202B2
公开(公告)日：2003-04-15
申请号：US09799183
申请日：2001-03-05
申请人： Stephen A. Campbell , Jason Edward Chisham , David P. Wilkinson
发明人： Stephen A. Campbell , Jason Edward Chisham , David P. Wilkinson
IPC分类号： H01M496
CPC分类号： H01M4/9083 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8846 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/1004 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： Carbon-supported catalysts are frequently employed in the electrodes of solid polymer fuel cells in order to make efficient use of the catalyst therein. The catalyst utilization in the electrode and the fuel cell performance can be further improved by introducing acidic surface oxide groups on the carbon-supported catalyst. The introduction of acidic surface oxide groups on the carbon-supported catalyst can be accomplished by treating the carbon-supported catalyst with a suitable acid, such as nitric acid, before incorporating the carbon-supported catalyst in a fuel cell electrode. The present technique is particularly suitable for use in solid polymer fuel cell cathodes.
摘要翻译：为了有效利用其中的催化剂，常常在固体聚合物燃料电池的电极中使用碳载体催化剂。通过在碳载体催化剂上引入酸性表面氧化物基，能够进一步提高电极中的催化剂利用率和燃料电池性能。在碳载体催化剂上引入酸性表面氧化物基团可以通过在将碳载体催化剂加入到燃料电池电极中之前，用合适的酸如硝酸处理碳负载的催化剂来实现。本技术特别适用于固体聚合物燃料电池阴极。

2. 发明授权

US06610432B1 Impregnation of microporous electrocatalyst particles for improving performance in an electrochemical fuel cell 失效
标题翻译：用于改善电化学燃料电池性能的微孔电催化剂颗粒的浸渍
公开(公告)号：US06610432B1
公开(公告)日：2003-08-26
申请号：US09623254
申请日：2000-11-21
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell , Joy A. Roberts
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell , Joy A. Roberts
IPC分类号： H01M810
CPC分类号： H01M8/1004 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8892 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/926 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： A method is provided for treating electrocatalyst particles and using the treated electrocatalyst for improving performance in an electrochemical fuel cell. The treatment method comprises impregnating pores of the electrocatalyst particles with an impregnant wherein the pores comprise micropores which have an aperture size less than 0.1 micron. The impregnant is preferably ion-conducting and may comprise an organic acid, an inorganic acid, or a polymer. Alternatively, or in addition, the impregnant has an oxygen permeability greater than that of water. The method of impregnating the electrocatalyst particles preferably comprises the steps of contacting the electrocatalyst particles with an impregnant and subjecting the electrocatalyst particles to a vacuum and/or an elevated pressure above atmospheric pressure. The treated electrocatalyst particles are incorporated into an electrochemical fuel cell. The impregnant improves the mass transport properties for the movement of reactants and reaction products within the micropores of the electrocatalyst particles, thereby improving electrocatalyst utilization and electrochemical fuel cell performance for a fixed amount of electrocatalyst.
摘要翻译：提供了一种处理电催化剂颗粒并使用经处理的电催化剂改善电化学燃料电池性能的方法。处理方法包括用浸渍剂浸渍电催化剂颗粒的孔，其中孔包括孔径小于0.1微米的微孔。浸渍剂优选是离子导电的，并且可以包含有机酸，无机酸或聚合物。或者，或者另外，浸渍剂的氧气渗透性大于水。浸渍电催化剂颗粒的方法优选包括使电催化剂颗粒与浸渍剂接触并使电催化剂颗粒经受高于大气压的真空和/或高压的步骤。将经处理的电催化剂颗粒结合到电化学燃料电池中。浸渍剂改善了电催化剂颗粒微孔内反应物和反应产物运动的质量传递性能，从而提高了固定量的电催化剂的电催化剂利用率和电化学燃料电池性能。

3. 发明授权

US06350538B1 Fuel cell with fluid distribution layer having intergral sealing capability 有权
标题翻译：具有流体分布层的燃料电池具有整体密封能力
公开(公告)号：US06350538B1
公开(公告)日：2002-02-26
申请号：US09384531
申请日：1999-08-27
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell , Juergen Stumper
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell , Juergen Stumper
IPC分类号： H01M804
CPC分类号： H01M8/241 , H01M8/0206 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/0221 , H01M8/0226 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0236 , H01M8/0239 , H01M8/0243 , H01M8/0245 , H01M8/0256 , H01M8/0263 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/2483 , H01M2300/0082 , Y10T29/4911 , Y10T428/30
摘要： A fuel cell comprises a pair of separator plates and a pair of fluid distribution layers interposed between the separator plates. At least one of the fluid distribution layers comprises a sealing region and an electrically conductive, fluid permeable active region, and a thermoplastic polymeric material extending into each of the sealing region and the active region. An ion exchange membrane is interposed between at least a portion of the fluid distribution layers, and a quantity of electrocatalyst is interposed between at least a portion of each of the fluid distribution layers and at least a portion of the membrane, thereby defining the active region. Melt-bonding the thermoplastic material in the sealing region renders the at least one fluid distribution layer substantially fluid impermeable in a direction parallel to the major planar surfaces. This approach reduces or eliminates the need for separate gaskets or sealing components and integrates several functions, such as sealing, fluid distribution, and current collection in a single layer.
摘要翻译：燃料电池包括一对分隔板和插在隔板之间的一对流体分布层。流体分配层中的至少一个包括密封区域和导电的，可流体渗透的活性区域，以及延伸到每个密封区域和活性区域中的热塑性聚合物材料。在至少一部分流体分配层之间插入离子交换膜，并且在每个流体分配层的至少一部分和至少一部分膜之间插入一定量的电催化剂，从而限定活性区。将热塑性材料熔合在密封区域中使得至少一个流体分布层在平行于主平面的方向上基本上不渗透。这种方法减少或消除了对单独的垫圈或密封部件的需要，并且在单层中集成了诸如密封，流体分配和电流收集的几个功能。

4. 发明授权

US06306536B1 Method of reducing fuel cell performance degradation of an electrode comprising porous components 失效
标题翻译：降低包含多孔组分的电极的燃料电池性能降低的方法
公开(公告)号：US06306536B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-23
申请号：US09280147
申请日：1999-03-26
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Jean St.-Pierre , Joy A. Roberts , Stephen A. Campbell
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Jean St.-Pierre , Joy A. Roberts , Stephen A. Campbell
IPC分类号： H01M810
CPC分类号： H01M4/8892 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8807 , H01M4/9083 , H01M8/04253
摘要： An improved method reduces fuel cell performance degradation of an electrode comprising porous components. Electrochemical solid polymer electrolyte fuel cells typically have present therein a liquid which expands upon freezing, such as, for example water. The presence of such a liquid within the pores of the electrode components may cause performance degradation of the liquid freezes. The present method comprises employing an impregnant within at least some of the pores of the electrode components. The impregnant inhibits the deterioration of porous fuel cell components caused by expansion of the liquid within the pores when the fuel cell components are subjected to a temperature below the freezing temperature of the liquid. Preferably the impregnant does not expand when changing phases from a liquid to a solid. The impregnant may comprise an organic fluid, an organic acid, an inorganic acid, a polymer or dispersion.
摘要翻译：改进的方法降低了包含多孔组分的电极的燃料电池性能降低。电化学固体聚合物电解质燃料电池通常在其中存在冷冻时膨胀的液体，例如水。这种液体在电极组件的孔内的存在可能导致液体的性能降低。本方法包括在电极组分的至少一些孔内使用浸渍剂。当燃料电池组件经受低于液体冷冻温度的温度时，浸渍剂抑制由孔内的液体膨胀引起的多孔燃料电池组分的劣化。优选地，当将液相变成固体时，浸渍剂不膨胀。浸渍剂可以包含有机流体，有机酸，无机酸，聚合物或分散体。

5. 发明授权

US6060190A Electrochemical fuel cell membrane electrode assembly with porous electrode substrate 失效
标题翻译：电化学燃料电池膜电极组件与多孔电极基板
公开(公告)号：US6060190A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-09
申请号：US217177
申请日：1998-12-21
申请人： Stephen A. Campbell , Juergen Stumper , David P. Wilkinson , Michael T. Davis
发明人： Stephen A. Campbell , Juergen Stumper , David P. Wilkinson , Michael T. Davis
IPC分类号： H01M4/86 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/10 , H01M4/88
CPC分类号： H01M4/8626 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/926 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M8/1009 , H01M2300/0082 , Y10T29/49108
摘要： A membrane electrode assembly for an electrochemical fuel cell includes a pair of electrodes and an ion exchange membrane interposed therebetween. At least one of the electrodes comprises a porous electrode substrate. The substrate comprises a preformed macroporous web having a through-plane resistivity of greater than 1 .OMEGA.*cm. The web contains an electrically conductive filler. A method for preparing the membrane electrode assembly includes the steps of (a) forming a porous electrode substrate for an electrochemical fuel cell by filling a preformed macroporous web, the web having a through-plane resistivity of greater than 1 .OMEGA.*cm, with an electrically conductive filler and (b) consolidating the electrode pair and ion exchange membrane to form a unitary assembly.
摘要翻译：用于电化学燃料电池的膜电极组件包括一对电极和置于其间的离子交换膜。至少一个电极包括多孔电极基底。该基材包括具有大于1欧米伽*厘米的直面电阻率的预成型大孔网。网包含导电填料。制备膜电极组件的方法包括以下步骤：（a）通过填充预成型的大孔网形成用于电化学燃料电池的多孔电极基底，所述网的直面电阻率大于1欧米加*厘米，导电填料和（b）固结电极对和离子交换膜以形成整体组件。

6. 发明授权

US5672439A Method and apparatus for reducing reactant crossover in an electrochemical fuel cell 失效
标题翻译：减少电化学燃料电池中反应物交叉的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US5672439A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-30
申请号：US574262
申请日：1995-12-18
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Mark C. Johnson , Kevin M. Colbow , Stephen A. Campbell
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Mark C. Johnson , Kevin M. Colbow , Stephen A. Campbell
IPC分类号： H01M4/86 , H01M4/92 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/10 , H01M4/90
CPC分类号： H01M4/926 , H01M4/86 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8626 , H01M4/96 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/1007 , H01M8/1009 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/1004
摘要： In an electrochemical fuel cell, a sufficient quantity of catalyst, effective for promoting the reaction of reactant supplied to an electrode, is disposed within the volume of the electrode so that a reactant introduced at a first major surface of the electrode is substantially completely reacted upon contacting the second major surface. Crossover of reactant from one electrode to the other electrode through the electrolyte in an electrochemical fuel cell is thereby reduced.
摘要翻译：在电化学燃料电池中，在电极的体积内设置足够量的促进反应物供应到电极的催化剂，使得在电极的第一主表面上引入的反应基本上完全反应在接触第二主表面。因此，电化学燃料电池中通过电解质从一个电极到另一个电极的反应物交叉交叉。

7. 发明申请

US20090053575A1 SUPPORTED CATALYSTS FOR THE ANODE OF A VOLTAGE REVERSAL TOLERANT FUEL CELL 审中-公开
标题翻译：用于电压反向耐受燃料电池阳极的支持催化剂
公开(公告)号：US20090053575A1
公开(公告)日：2009-02-26
申请号：US12200483
申请日：2008-08-28
申请人： Shanna D. Knights , Jared L. Taylor , David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell
发明人： Shanna D. Knights , Jared L. Taylor , David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell
IPC分类号： H01M4/92 , H01M8/10 , H01M4/96 , B05D5/12 , H01M4/90
CPC分类号： H01M4/9075 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/925 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M10/4235 , H01M2004/8684 , H01M2300/0005 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： In a solid polymer fuel cell series, various circumstances can result in a fuel cell being driven into voltage reversal. For instance, cell voltage reversal can occur if that cell receives an inadequate supply of fuel. In order to pass current, reactions other than fuel oxidation may take place at the fuel cell anode, including water electrolysis and oxidation of anode components. The latter may result in significant degradation of the anode, particularly if the anode employs a carbon black supported catalyst. Such fuel cells can be made more tolerant to cell reversal by using higher catalyst loading or coverage on the anode catalyst support or a more oxidation resistant anode catalyst support, such as a more graphitic carbon or Ti4O7.
摘要翻译：在固体聚合物燃料电池系列中，各种情况可导致燃料电池被驱动进入电压反转。例如，如果该电池接收到不足的燃料供应，则可能发生电池电压反转。为了通过电流，燃料氧化以外的反应可能发生在燃料电池阳极，包括水电解和阳极组分的氧化。后者可能导致阳极的显着降解，特别是如果阳极采用负载炭黑的催化剂。通过使用更高的催化剂负载量或覆盖在阳极催化剂载体上或更耐氧化的阳极催化剂载体，例如更多的石墨碳或Ti 4 O 7，可以使这种燃料电池对电池反转更具有耐受性。

8. 发明授权

US06974647B2 Fuel cell fluid distribution layer having integral sealing capability 失效
标题翻译：具有整体密封能力的燃料电池流体分配层
公开(公告)号：US06974647B2
公开(公告)日：2005-12-13
申请号：US10180197
申请日：2002-06-26
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Juergen Stumper , Stephen A. Campbell , Michael T. Davis , Gordon Lamont
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Juergen Stumper , Stephen A. Campbell , Michael T. Davis , Gordon Lamont
IPC分类号： H01M8/02 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/24 , H01M4/96
CPC分类号： H01M8/241 , H01M8/0206 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/0221 , H01M8/0226 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0236 , H01M8/0239 , H01M8/0243 , H01M8/0245 , H01M8/0256 , H01M8/0263 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/2483 , H01M2300/0082 , Y10T29/4911 , Y10T428/30
摘要： A fuel cell fluid distribution layer, in one embodiment, comprises perforated graphite foil. The fluid distribution layer can have one or more reactant flow field channels formed in one or both major surfaces, one or more manifold openings, conductive filler on one or both major surfaces, conductive filler at least partially filling some or all perforations and/or an electrocatalyst one or both major surfaces.
摘要翻译：在一个实施例中，燃料电池流体分布层包括穿孔石墨箔。流体分配层可以具有形成在一个或两个主表面中的一个或多个反应物流场通道，一个或多个歧管开口，一个或两个主表面上的导电填料，至少部分填充一些或所有穿孔的导电填料和/或电催化剂一个或两个主要表面。

9. 发明授权

US5976726A Electrochemical cell with fluid distribution layer having integral sealing capability 失效
标题翻译：具有集成密封能力的流体分布层的电化学电池
公开(公告)号：US5976726A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-02
申请号：US846653
申请日：1997-05-01
申请人： David P. Wilkinson , Juergen Stumper , Stephen A. Campbell , Michael T. Davis , Gordon J. Lamont
发明人： David P. Wilkinson , Juergen Stumper , Stephen A. Campbell , Michael T. Davis , Gordon J. Lamont
IPC分类号： H01M8/02 , H01M8/10 , H01M8/24
CPC分类号： H01M8/241 , H01M8/0206 , H01M8/0213 , H01M8/0226 , H01M8/0228 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0236 , H01M8/0239 , H01M8/0243 , H01M8/0245 , H01M8/0256 , H01M8/0263 , H01M8/0271 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M8/0221 , Y10T29/4911 , Y10T428/30
摘要： An electrochemical fuel cell comprises a pair of separator plates and a pair of fluid distribution layers interposed between the separator plates. At least one of the fluid distribution layers comprises a sealing region and an electrically conductive, fluid permeable active region, and a preformed sheet material extending into each of the sealing region and the active region. An ion exchange membrane is interposed between at least a portion of the fluid distribution layers, and a quantity of electrocatalyst is interposed between at least a portion of each of the fluid distribution layers and at least a portion of the membrane, thereby defining the active region. Compression of the preformed sheet material by urging of the pair of plates towards each other renders the at least one fluid distribution layer substantially fluid impermeable in a direction parallel to the major planar surfaces, in the sealing region. The performed sheet material included in the at least one fluid distribution layer thus has intrinsic sealing capability. This approach reduces or eliminates the need for separate gaskets or sealing components and integrates several functions, such as sealing, fluid distribution, and current collection, in a single layer.
摘要翻译：一种电化学燃料电池包括一对分隔板和一对介于隔板之间的流体分布层。流体分配层中的至少一个包括密封区域和导电的，可流体渗透的有源区域，以及延伸到每个密封区域和活性区域中的预成型片材。在至少一部分流体分配层之间插入离子交换膜，并且在每个流体分配层的至少一部分和至少一部分膜之间插入一定量的电催化剂，由此限定有源区。通过使一对板彼此推动来压缩预成型片材使得至少一个流体分配层在密封区域中在平行于主平面的方向上基本上不可渗透。因此，包含在至少一个流体分配层中的所执行的片材具有固有的密封能力。这种方法减少或消除了对单独的垫片或密封部件的需求，并且在单层中集成了诸如密封，流体分配和电流收集的几个功能。

10. 发明授权

US06936370B1 Solid polymer fuel cell with improved voltage reversal tolerance 有权
标题翻译：固体聚合物燃料电池具有改善的电压反转公差
公开(公告)号：US06936370B1
公开(公告)日：2005-08-30
申请号：US09643550
申请日：2000-08-22
申请人： Shanna D. Knights , David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell , Jared L. Taylor , John M. Gascoyne , Thomas R. Ralph
发明人： Shanna D. Knights , David P. Wilkinson , Stephen A. Campbell , Jared L. Taylor , John M. Gascoyne , Thomas R. Ralph
IPC分类号： H01M4/86 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/92 , H01M8/02 , H01M8/04 , H01M8/10 , H01M10/42 , H01M4/96
CPC分类号： H01M4/9075 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/90 , H01M4/9083 , H01M4/925 , H01M4/926 , H01M8/04119 , H01M8/04291 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1007 , H01M10/4235 , H01M2004/8684 , H01M2300/0005 , H01M2300/0082
摘要： In a solid polymer fuel cell series, various circumstances can result in the fuel cell being driven into voltage reversal. For instance, cell voltage reversal can occur if that cell receives an inadequate supply of fuel (for example, fuel starvation). In order to pass current during fuel starvation, reactions other than fuel oxidation may take place at the fuel cell anode, including water electrolysis and oxidation of anode components. The latter may result in significant degradation of the anode. Such fuel cells can be made more tolerant to cell reversal by promoting water electrolysis over anode component oxidation at the anode. This can be accomplished by incorporating a catalyst composition at the anode to promote the water electrolysis reaction, in addition to the typical anode electrocatalyst for promoting fuel oxidation.
摘要翻译：在固体聚合物燃料电池系列中，各种情况可导致燃料电池被驱动进入电压反转。例如，如果该电池接收到不足的燃料供应（例如，燃料不足），则可能发生电池电压反转。为了在燃料不足期间通过电流，燃料氧化以外的反应可能发生在燃料电池阳极，包括水电解和阳极组件的氧化。后者可能导致阳极的显着降解。通过在阳极上的阳极组分氧化促进水电解，可以使这种燃料电池更容忍电池逆转。这可以通过在阳极处引入催化剂组合物以促进水电解反应来实现，除了用于促进燃料氧化的典型的阳极电催化剂之外。

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