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41. 发明授权

US06876931B2 Automatic process for sample selection during multivariate calibration 失效
标题翻译：多变量校准中样品选择的自动过程
公开(公告)号：US06876931B2
公开(公告)日：2005-04-05
申请号：US10211142
申请日：2002-08-02
申请人： Alexander D. Lorenz , Timothy L. Ruchti , Thomas B. Blank
发明人： Alexander D. Lorenz , Timothy L. Ruchti , Thomas B. Blank
IPC分类号： A61B5/00 , G01N21/27 , G01N21/35 , G01N31/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/1495 , G01N21/274 , G01N21/359
摘要： A process for enhancing a multivariate calibration through optimization of a calibration data set operates on a large calibration set of samples that includes measurements and associated reference values to automatically select an optimal sub-set of samples that enables calculation of an optimized calibration model. The process is automatic and bases sample selection on two basic criteria: enhancement of correlation between a partner variable extracted from the independent variable and the dependent variable and reduction of correlation between the dependent variable and interference. The method includes two fundamental steps: evaluation, assigning a measurement of calibration suitability to a subset of data; and optimization, selecting an optimal subset of data as directed by the measurement of suitability. The process is particularly applied in enhancing and automating the calibration process for non-invasive measurement glucose measurement but can be applied in any system involving the calculation of multivariate models from empirical data sets.
摘要翻译：通过优化校准数据集来增强多变量校准的过程在包括测量和相关参考值的大型校准样本集上进行操作，以自动选择能够计算优化校准模型的最佳样本子集。该过程是自动的，并且基于两个基本标准的基础样本选择：增强从独立变量提取的伴随变量与因变量之间的相关性，并降低因变量与干扰之间的相关性。该方法包括两个基本步骤：评估，将校准适用性的度量分配给数据子集; 和优化，根据适合性的测量指导选择最佳的数据子集。该过程特别应用于增强和自动化非侵入性测量葡萄糖测量的校准过程，但可以应用于涉及从经验数据集计算多变量模型的任何系统中。

42. 发明授权

US06697654B2 Targeted interference subtraction applied to near-infrared measurement of analytes 失效
标题翻译：目标干扰减去应用于分析物的近红外测量
公开(公告)号：US06697654B2
公开(公告)日：2004-02-24
申请号：US10183906
申请日：2002-06-25
申请人： Alexander D. Lorenz , Thomas B. Blank , Timothy L. Ruchti
发明人： Alexander D. Lorenz , Thomas B. Blank , Timothy L. Ruchti
IPC分类号： A61B500
CPC分类号： G01N21/4785 , A61B5/1075 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/1495 , A61B5/7264
摘要： Methods and apparatus for estimating and removing spectral interference improve precision and robustness of non-invasive analyte measurement using Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The estimation of spectral interference is accomplished, either through multivariate modeling or discrete factor analysis, using a calibration set of samples in which the interference is orthogonal to the analyte signal of interest, or where the shape of the interference is known. Each of the methods results in a multivariate model in which the spectral interference is estimated for a new sample and removed by vector subtraction. Independent models based on classes of sample variability are used to collapse spectral interference and determine more accurately which model is best equipped to estimate the signal of interference in the new sample. Principal components analysis and other commonly known analytical techniques can be used to determine class membership.
摘要翻译：用于估计和去除光谱干扰的方法和装置使用近红外（NIR）光谱提高非侵入性分析物测量的精度和鲁棒性。通过多变量建模或离散因子分析，使用其中干涉与感兴趣的分析物信号正交的样本的校准集合或已知干扰的形状来完成频谱干扰的估计。每种方法都产生一个多变量模型，其中对新样本估计出光谱干扰，并通过向量减去去除。使用基于样本变异性类别的独立模型来折叠光谱干扰，并更准确地确定哪种模型最适合估计新样本中的干扰信号。主成分分析和其他常用分析技术可用于确定类成员资格。

43. 发明授权

US06587702B1 Classification and characterization of tissue through features related to adipose tissue 有权
标题翻译：通过与脂肪组织相关的特征对组织进行分类和表征
公开(公告)号：US06587702B1
公开(公告)日：2003-07-01
申请号：US09489617
申请日：2000-01-21
申请人： Timothy L. Ruchti , Kevin H. Hazen , Marcy R. Makarewicz , George M. Acosta
发明人： Timothy L. Ruchti , Kevin H. Hazen , Marcy R. Makarewicz , George M. Acosta
IPC分类号： A61B500
CPC分类号： A61B5/4872 , A61B5/0059 , A61B5/1075 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/7264 , G01N21/359 , G01N2201/1293
摘要： A non-invasive system for characterizing and classifying the state and structure of a tissue sample operates on a near infrared absorbance spectrum of in vivo tissue. A method that uses near-infrared spectral measurements to characterize and classify the state and structure of tissue sampled based on absorbance features related to fat in adipose tissue is provided. Also provided is a method of estimating skin fold thickness. The approach provides information about sources of tissue variability and is therefore useful for establishing the general category of the tissue structure. Categorization of subjects on the basis of the determination is suitable for further spectral analysis and the measurement of biological and chemical compounds, such as blood analytes. The invention further provides a method of estimating percent body fat based on a skin fold thickness estimate. The invention also provides an apparatus for measuring the absorbance spectra coupled with a digital processor for performing the required analyses.
摘要翻译：用于表征和分类组织样品的状态和结构的非侵入性系统在体内组织的近红外吸收光谱上操作。提供了一种使用近红外光谱测量来表征和分类基于与脂肪组织中的脂肪相关的吸光度特征所采集的组织的状态和结构的方法。还提供了估计皮肤褶皱厚度的方法。该方法提供了关于组织变异性来源的信息，因此可用于建立组织结构的一般类别。在确定的基础上对受试者进行分类适用于进一步的光谱分析和生物化学化合物如血液分析物的测量。本发明还提供了一种基于皮肤折叠厚度估计估计身体脂肪百分比的方法。本发明还提供了一种用于测量与数字处理器耦合的吸光度谱进行所需分析的装置。

44. 发明授权

US06475800B1 Intra-serum and intra-gel for modeling human skin tissue 失效
标题翻译：血清内和凝胶内用于建模人体皮肤组织
公开(公告)号：US06475800B1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-05
申请号：US09502877
申请日：2000-02-10
申请人： Kevin H. Hazen , James Matthew Welch , Stephen F. Malin , Timothy L. Ruchti , Alexander D. Lorenz , Tamara L. Troy , Suresh Thennadil , Thomas B. Blank
发明人： Kevin H. Hazen , James Matthew Welch , Stephen F. Malin , Timothy L. Ruchti , Alexander D. Lorenz , Tamara L. Troy , Suresh Thennadil , Thomas B. Blank
IPC分类号： G01N3100
CPC分类号： G01N21/274 , A61B5/0075 , A61B5/1075 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/1495 , A61B5/7264 , A61B2560/0223 , A61B2560/0233 , G01N21/359 , G01N21/4785 , G01N21/49 , Y10T436/10
摘要： The invention provides a class of samples that model the human body. This family of samples is based upon emulsions of oil in water with lecithin acting as the emulsifier. These solutions that have varying particle sizes may be spiked with basis set components (albumin, urea and glucose) to simulate skin tissues further. The family of samples is such that other organic compounds such as collagen, elastin, globulin and bilirubin may be added, as can salts such as Na+, K+ and Cl−. Layers of varying thickness with known index of refraction and particle size distributions may be generated using simple crosslinking reagents, such as collagen (gelatin). The resulting samples are flexible in each analyte's concentration and match the skin layers of the body in terms of the samples reduced scattering and absorption coefficients, &mgr;ms and &mgr;ma. This family of samples is provided for use in the medical field where lasers and spectroscopy based analyzers are used in treatment of the body. In particular, knowledge may be gained on net analyte signal, photon depth of penetration, photon radial diffusion, photon interaction between tissue layers, photon density (all as a function of frequency) and on instrument parameter specifications such as resolution and required dynamic range (A/D bits required). In particular, applications to delineate such parameters have been developed for the application of noninvasive glucose determination in the near-IR region from 700 to 2500 nm with an emphasis on the region 1000 to 2500 nm (10,000 to 4,000 cm−1).
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一类对人体进行建模的样品。该样品系基于水中的油与卵磷脂作为乳化剂的乳液。具有不同粒径的这些溶液可以加入基础组分（白蛋白，尿素和葡萄糖）以进一步模拟皮肤组织。样品家族可以加入诸如胶原，弹性蛋白，球蛋白和胆红素的其它有机化合物，也可以加入诸如Na +，K +和Cl-的盐。可以使用简单的交联试剂如胶原（明胶）产生具有已知折射率和粒度分布的不同厚度的层。所得样品在每种分析物的浓度上是灵活的，并且根据样品减少的散射和吸收系数，妈妈和玛玛来匹配身体的皮肤层。该样品系列用于医疗领域，其中使用激光和基于光谱的分析仪来治疗身体。特别地，可以获得关于净分析物信号，光子穿透深度，光子径向扩散，组织层之间的光子相互作用，光子密度（全部作为频率的函数）以及仪器参数规格（例如分辨率和所需动态范围）需要A / D位）。特别地，已经开发了描绘这些参数的应用，用于在700至2500nm的近红外区域中应用非侵入性葡萄糖测定，重点在1000至2500nm（10,000至4000cm -1）的区域。

45. 发明授权

US06411373B1 Fiber optic illumination and detection patterns, shapes, and locations for use in spectroscopic analysis 失效
标题翻译：用于光谱分析的光纤照明和检测图案，形状和位置
公开(公告)号：US06411373B1
公开(公告)日：2002-06-25
申请号：US09415389
申请日：1999-10-08
申请人： Jeffrey J. Garside , Stephen Monfre , Barry C. Elliott , Timothy L. Ruchti , Glenn Aaron Kees , Frank S. Grochocki
发明人： Jeffrey J. Garside , Stephen Monfre , Barry C. Elliott , Timothy L. Ruchti , Glenn Aaron Kees , Frank S. Grochocki
IPC分类号： G01N3348
CPC分类号： G01N21/474
摘要： The invention provides a design process that is used in the determination of the pattern of detector and illumination optical fibers at the sampling area of a subject. Information about the system, specifically a monochromator (e.g. to determine the optimal number of fibers at an output slit) and the bundle termination at a detector optics stack (e.g. to determine the optimal number of fibers at the bundle termination), is of critical importance to this design. It is those numbers that determine the ratio and number of illumination to detection fibers, significantly limiting and constraining the solution space. Additional information about the estimated signal and noise in the skin is necessary to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio in the wavelength range of interest. Constraining the fibers to a hexagonal perimeter and prescribing a hex-packed pattern, such that alternating columns contain illumination and detection fibers, yields optimal results. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, two detectors share the totality of the detection fibers at the sampling interface. A third group of detection fibers is used for classification purposes.
摘要翻译：本发明提供了一种设计过程，其用于确定被检体的取样区域处的检测器和照明光纤的图案。关于系统的信息，特别是单色仪（例如，确定输出狭缝处的光纤的最佳数量）和检测器光学堆叠处的束终止（例如，以确定束终止时的最佳光纤数量）是至关重要的到这个设计。这些数字决定了对检测光纤的照射比例和数量，显着限制和限制了解决方案的空间。关于皮肤估计的信号和噪声的附加信息对于使感兴趣的波长范围内的信噪比最大化是必要的。将纤维限制在六边形周边，并规定六方填充图案，使得交替的列包含照明和检测纤维，产生最佳结果。在本发明的优选实施例中，两个检测器在采样接口处共享检测光纤的总体。第三组检测纤维用于分类目的。

46. 发明申请

US20100268157A1 SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR CONFIGURING A RULE SET FOR MEDICAL EVENT MANAGMENT AND RESPONSES 有权
标题翻译：用于配置医疗事件管理和响应的规则的系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US20100268157A1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-21
申请号：US12761107
申请日：2010-04-15
申请人： Steven R. Wehba , Timothy L. Ruchti
发明人： Steven R. Wehba , Timothy L. Ruchti
IPC分类号： A61M5/142
CPC分类号： A61M5/1723 , A61M2005/1405 , A61M2005/14208 , A61M2005/14296 , A61M2205/18 , A61M2205/3553 , A61M2205/3561 , A61M2205/50 , A61M2205/52 , A61M2230/04 , A61M2230/06 , A61M2230/201 , A61M2230/202 , A61M2230/205 , A61M2230/30 , A61M2230/42 , A61M2230/50 , G06F19/00 , G06F19/3468 , G16H40/20 , G16H50/20
摘要： A system and method to configure a rule set used in connection with a medical monitoring system for monitoring patients and patient care equipment, especially medication delivery pumps, based on a variety of conditions and parameters associated with monitored biometric information and equipment information and for providing user-defined responses to those conditions and parameters.
摘要翻译：一种用于配置与用于监视患者和患者护理设备，特别是药物输送泵的医疗监控系统相关联的规则集的系统和方法，其基于与被监测的生物特征信息和设备信息相关联的各种条件和参数以及用于提供用户对这些条件和参数的定义反应。

47. 发明授权

US07640140B2 Method of processing noninvasive spectra 有权
标题翻译：无创光谱处理方法
公开(公告)号：US07640140B2
公开(公告)日：2009-12-29
申请号：US11095331
申请日：2005-03-30
申请人： Timothy L. Ruchti , Thomas B. Blank , Alexander D. Lorenz
发明人： Timothy L. Ruchti , Thomas B. Blank , Alexander D. Lorenz
IPC分类号： G06F19/00 , A61B5/00
CPC分类号： A61B5/14532
摘要： This invention provides a method and apparatus that corrects for tissue related interference calibration and/or measurement of biological parameters noninvasively. The invention concerns such terms as outlier identification, filtering, spectral correction, and baseline subtraction steps that, when used together, provides for noninvasive measurement of biological parameters, such as glucose concentration.
摘要翻译：本发明提供一种非侵入性校正组织相关干扰校准和/或生物参数测量的方法和装置。本发明涉及诸如异常值识别，过滤，光谱校正和基线减法步骤之类的术语，当它们一起使用时，提供诸如葡萄糖浓度的生物学参数的非侵入性测量。

48. 发明授权

US07440786B2 Method and apparatus for presentation of noninvasive glucose concentration information 失效
标题翻译：用于呈现无创葡萄糖浓度信息的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US07440786B2
公开(公告)日：2008-10-21
申请号：US11012428
申请日：2004-12-14
申请人： Linda J. Hockersmith , Kevin H. Hazen , Timothy L. Ruchti
发明人： Linda J. Hockersmith , Kevin H. Hazen , Timothy L. Ruchti
IPC分类号： A61B5/1455
CPC分类号： A61B5/1455 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/7415 , A61B5/743 , A61B5/7475 , A61B5/749 , A61B2560/0456 , G06F19/00 , G16H15/00
摘要： The invention relates generally to the extraction and/or presentation of glucose concentrations estimated as a function of time into a format that facilitates conveyance of the underlying information. More particularly, glucose concentration histories are presented in terms of risk of behavior, in a video format, and/or in an audio format. The reduction of data into video format, selected by time period, cluster, or glucose concentration response, into an animated or video presentation allows diagnosis and treatment information to be more readily determined and used. Alternatively, glucose concentrations are output through a voice synthesizer or an earcon. These information presentations are useful for both the medical professional and the end user. The information presentation is preferably used with a noninvasive, implantable, semi-continuous, and/or continuous analyte analyzer, such as a glucose concentration analyzer.
摘要翻译：本发明一般涉及将作为时间的函数估计的葡萄糖浓度的提取和/或表现提升为促进底层信息传递的格式。更具体地，葡萄糖浓度历史以行为风险，视频格式和/或音频格式呈现。将通过时间段，群集或葡萄糖浓度响应选择的视频格式的数据减少为动画或视频呈现允许更容易地确定和使用诊断和治疗信息。或者，葡萄糖浓度通过语音合成器或耳塞输出。这些信息介绍对于医疗专业人员和最终用户都是有用的。信息呈现优选与非侵入性，可植入，半连续和/或连续的分析物分析仪一起使用，例如葡萄糖浓度分析仪。

49. 发明授权

US06788965B2 Intelligent system for detecting errors and determining failure modes in noninvasive measurement of blood and tissue analytes 有权
标题翻译：用于检测血液和组织分析物的非侵入性测量中的错误和确定失败模式的智能系统
公开(公告)号：US06788965B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-07
申请号：US10211478
申请日：2002-08-01
申请人： Timothy L. Ruchti , Christopher C. Briggs , Thomas B. Blank , Alexander D. Lorenz , Mutua Mattu , Marcy Makarewicz
发明人： Timothy L. Ruchti , Christopher C. Briggs , Thomas B. Blank , Alexander D. Lorenz , Mutua Mattu , Marcy Makarewicz
IPC分类号： A61B500
CPC分类号： A61B5/1459 , A61B5/0064 , A61B5/0075 , A61B5/01 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/14546 , A61B5/1495 , A61B5/441 , A61B5/7264 , G01N21/274 , G01N21/359 , G06N3/004
摘要： An intelligent system for detecting errors and determining failure modes operates on an absorbance spectrum of in vivo skin tissue. Application of the system results in improved prediction accuracy through rejection of invalid and poor samples. System components include a noninvasive blood glucose meter, such as a near IR spectrometer, an error detection system (EDS); a system for diagnosing and mitigating errors; and a reporting method. In the EDS, a pattern classification engine and hierarchy of levels analyzes, detects and diagnoses instrument, interface and sample errors manifested in the spectrum to determine suitability of an absorbance spectrum for blood glucose measurement. The final component of the system evaluates the error condition, diagnoses the specific mode of failure (if necessary) and reports actions to be taken. Sub-components and levels of the EDS can operate independently of the other system elements to the benefit of a noninvasive glucose measurement system.
摘要翻译：用于检测错误并确定故障模式的智能系统对体内皮肤组织的吸收光谱进行操作。该系统的应用通过排除无效和差的样本提高了预测精度。系统组件包括无创血糖仪，例如近红外光谱仪，误差检测系统（EDS）; 用于诊断和减轻错误的系统; 和报告方法。在EDS中，模式分类引擎和级别层次分析，检测和诊断谱图中出现的仪器，界面和样本误差，以确定血糖测量的吸收光谱的适用性。系统的最终组件评估错误状况，诊断具体的失败模式（如有必要）并报告要采取的操作。 EDS的子组件和级别可以独立于其他系统元件运行，以有益于非侵入性葡萄糖测量系统。

50. 发明授权

US06280381B1 Intelligent system for noninvasive blood analyte prediction 有权
标题翻译：用于非侵入性血液分析物预测的智能系统
公开(公告)号：US06280381B1
公开(公告)日：2001-08-28
申请号：US09359191
申请日：1999-07-22
申请人： Stephen F. Malin , Timothy L. Ruchti
发明人： Stephen F. Malin , Timothy L. Ruchti
IPC分类号： A61B500
CPC分类号： G01N21/49 , A61B5/1075 , A61B5/14532 , A61B5/1455 , A61B5/1495 , A61B5/7264 , A61B2560/0223 , A61B2560/0233 , G01N21/274 , G01N21/359 , G01N21/4785 , Y10S128/92
摘要： An intelligent system for measuring blood analytes noninvasively operates on a near infrared absorbance spectrum of in vivo skin tissue. An hierarchical architecture employs a pattern classification engine to adapt the calibration to the structural properties and physiological state of the subject as manifested in the absorbance spectrum. A priori information about the primary sources of sample variability are used to establish general categories of subjects. By applying calibration schemes specific to the various categories, the spectral interference is reduced resulting in improved prediction accuracy and parsimonious calibrations. Two classification rules are disclosed. The first rule assumes the classes are mutually exclusive and applies specific calibration models to the various subject categories. The second rule uses fuzzy set theory to develop calibration models and blood analyte predictions. Therefore, each calibration sample has the opportunity to influence more than one calibration model according to its class membership. Similarly, the predictions from more than one calibration are combined through defuzzification to produce the final blood analyte prediction.
摘要翻译：用于测量血液分析物的智能系统非侵入性地在体内皮肤组织的近红外吸收光谱上操作。层次结构采用模式分类引擎来使校准适应于吸收光谱中显示的受试者的结构性质和生理状态。关于样本变异性的主要来源的先验信息用于建立主体的一般类别。通过应用专门针对各种类别的校准方案，减小了光谱干扰，从而提高了预测精度和简便的校准。公开了两个分类规则。第一条规则假设这些类是相互排斥的，并将特定的校准模型应用于各种主题类别。第二条规则使用模糊集理论来开发校准模型和血液分析物预测。因此，每个校准样本都有机会根据其类别成员影响多个校准模型。类似地，来自多于一个校准的预测通过去模糊化来组合以产生最终的血液分析物预测。

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