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    • 45. 发明授权
    • Method for treating superalloy castings
    • 超合金铸件的处理方法
    • US4021910A
    • 1977-05-10
    • US676857
    • 1976-04-14
    • William R. Freeman, Jr.Louis E. Dardi
    • William R. Freeman, Jr.Louis E. Dardi
    • B22D31/00C22F1/10B22D11/126
    • C22F1/10B22D31/005Y10S29/036Y10T29/49805Y10T29/49972Y10T29/49973Y10T29/49989Y10T29/49993
    • A method for treating investment cast superalloy castings wherein the portions of the castings which solidify directly against the mold walls comprise a substantially continuous or encapsulating skin of a metallic and/or nonmetallic composition. In such castings, defects in the form of material voids, including defects present immediately beneath the skin, are eliminated by the application of heat and pressure. The castings are heated to temperatures sufficient to achieve metal movement in the form of yield or creep, and a pressure of at least about 10,000 psi is applied by means of a surrounding gaseous atmosphere. The heat and pressure application deforms the material in the area of the voids and consolidates this material to substantially remove the voids and to thereby improve the performance characteristics of the castings. The encapsulating skin also serves as a protective coating during the hot isostatic pressing whereby contamination of the casting by elements such as oxygen or nitrogen in the furnace atmosphere is avoided, or drastically reduced. By eliminating surface defects and avoiding surface contamination, the investment castings are cast to substantially exact final dimensions since finishing operations are minimized.
    • 一种用于处理熔模铸造超合金铸件的方法,其中直接固定在模具壁上的铸件的部分包括金属和/或非金属组合物的基本上连续的或封装的皮肤。 在这种铸件中,通过施加热和压力来消除材料空隙形式的缺陷,包括皮肤下面存在的缺陷。 将铸件加热到足以以屈服或蠕变的形式实现金属运动的温度,并且通过周围的气体气氛施加至少约10,000psi的压力。 热和压力施加使材料在空隙区域变形,并且固化该材料以基本上除去空隙,从而改善铸件的性能特征。 封装的皮肤还在热等静压期间用作保护涂层,从而避免了炉内气氛中的诸如氧气或氮气等元素的铸件污染,或大大减少。 通过消除表面缺陷并避免表面污染,由于精加工操作最小化,投资铸件被铸造成基本精确的最终尺寸。
    • 50. 发明授权
    • Hybrid techniques for memory virtualization in a computer system
    • 计算机系统中内存虚拟化的混合技术
    • US07827381B2
    • 2010-11-02
    • US11446644
    • 2006-06-05
    • Olaf ManczakChristopher A. VickMichael H. PalecznyJay R. FreemanPhyllis E. Gustafson
    • Olaf ManczakChristopher A. VickMichael H. PalecznyJay R. FreemanPhyllis E. Gustafson
    • G06F12/00G06F9/26G06F9/34
    • G06F12/1045G06F12/109G06F2212/652
    • A computer system may employ a first memory virtualization and corresponding virtual-to-physical address translation technique for a first application executing on a processor and a second memory virtualization and corresponding virtual-to-physical address translation technique for a second application executing on the same processor transparent to the first application. Different virtualization and corresponding translation techniques may be employed on a per-thread basis, rather than a per-application basis. Different virtualization and corresponding translation techniques may be employed for accesses to different ranges of virtual or corresponding physical addresses. Different virtualization and corresponding translation techniques may employ different page sizes. A first or second virtualization and corresponding translation technique may include page-based, segment-based, or function-based virtual-to-physical address translation. The selection of a first or second memory virtualization and corresponding address translation technique may be dependent on a predicted workload and/or on a user policy.
    • 计算机系统可以采用在处理器上执行的第一应用的第一存储器虚拟化和对应的虚拟到物理地址转换技术,以及用于在同一个处理器上执行的第二应用的第二存储器虚拟化和对应的虚拟到物理地址转换技术 处理器对第一个应用程序是透明的。 可以在每个线程的基础上采用不同的虚拟化和相应的翻译技术,而不是基于每个应用程序。 可以采用不同的虚拟化和相应的翻译技术来访问不同范围的虚拟或对应的物理地址。 不同的虚拟化和相应的翻译技术可以采用不同的页面大小。 第一或第二虚拟化和相应的翻译技术可以包括基于页面的,基于片段的或基于功能的虚拟到物理地址转换。 第一或第二存储器虚拟化和对应的地址转换技术的选择可以取决于预测的工作负载和/或用户策略。