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    • 37. 发明公开
    • USE OF POLYMERS OF ACRYLIC ACID FOR SCALE INHIBITION IN DESALINATION SYSTEMS
    • US20240228348A1
    • 2024-07-11
    • US18561441
    • 2022-05-23
    • BASF SE
    • Ahmet UenerStephan NiedJuergen DeteringAchim Fessenbecker
    • C02F5/14C02F103/08
    • C02F5/14C02F2103/08C02F2209/02C02F2209/44
    • The invention relates to the use of an aqueous solution of acrylic acid polymer for inhibiting scale formation in a desalination system, wherein the polymer of acrylic acid obtained by a process of polymerising acrylic acid in feed operation with a free radical starter in the presence of hypophosphite in water as solvent, which comprises (i) initially charging water and aqueous hypophosphite solution and optionally acrylic acid in acidic, unneutralised form, optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, and optionally initiator, (ii) adding acrylic acid in acidic, unneutralised form, optionally one or more ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, aqueous free radical starter solution and aqueous hypophosphite solution, (iii) adding a base to the aqueous solution after termination of the acrylic acid feed, wherein the comonomer content does not exceed 30 wt. % based on the total monomer content, wherein the acrylic acid, the aqueous free radical starter solution and the aqueous hypophosphite solution are added such that the molar ratio x of acrylic acid to phosphorus-bound hydrogen [AA]/[P—H] over a time period in which at least 75% of the acrylic acid is converted and has a value x which is constant to within ±0.5 and is in the range from 0.8 to 2, wherein the acrylic acid polymer has a weight average molecular mass Mw of from 1000 to 3000 g/mol, wherein the desalination system comprises at least one of the group consisting of Multi Stage Flash (MSF), at least one Multi Effect Distillation (MED) and Reverse Osmosis (RO). The invention also relates to a process of desalinating saline water in a desalination system.
    • 40. 发明授权
    • Usability in information retrieval systems
    • US12032613B2
    • 2024-07-09
    • US17373294
    • 2021-07-12
    • BASF SE
    • Henning SchwabeArunav MishraJuergen MuellerMichael Schuhmacher
    • G06F16/33G06F16/31G06F40/211G06F40/30G06N5/04
    • G06F16/3344G06F16/316G06F40/211G06F40/30G06N5/04
    • In order to facilitate a search and identification of documents, an information retrieval system is provided for performing a search on a corpus of data objects. The information retrieval system comprises a device and a database. The database is configured to store at least one syntactic search index data structure and at least one semantic search index data structure. The syntactic search index data structure is configured to index and store in the database a plurality of terms from the corpus of data objects along with syntactic annotations indicating syntactic information. The at least one semantic search index data structure is configured to index and store in the database the plurality of terms from the corpus of data objects along with semantic annotations indicating semantic information. The device comprises an input unit, a processing unit, and an output unit. The input unit is configured to receive a syntactic query and a semantic query. The processing unit is configured to match the syntactic query against the syntactic search index data structure to obtain a first set of data objects, each of which has a set of terms that are syntactically related to the syntactic query. The processing is configured to match the semantic query against The at least one semantic search index data structure to obtain second set of the data objects, each of which has a set of terms that are semantically related to the semantic query, wherein the second set of data objects is a sub-set of the first set of the data objects. The output unit is configured to output information of the second set of data objects.