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31. 发明授权

US08637585B2 Silsesquioxane photoinitiators 有权
标题翻译：倍半硅氧烷光引发剂
公开(公告)号：US08637585B2
公开(公告)日：2014-01-28
申请号：US13130796
申请日：2009-11-24
申请人： Markus Frey , Christophe Frossard , Katia Studer , Karin Powell , Jean-Luc Birbaum , Martin Müller
发明人： Markus Frey , Christophe Frossard , Katia Studer , Karin Powell , Jean-Luc Birbaum , Martin Müller
IPC分类号： C08F2/50 , C08J3/28 , C08F283/12 , C08F283/00
CPC分类号： C07F7/21 , B33Y70/00
摘要： Photoinitiator compounds comprising both a photoactive moiety and an amine functionality, bonded to a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane, which photoinitiator is represented by formula (1) or (1′) wherein n is 2m; m is an integer of 2 to 30; the sum of n′+a is an integer 4-60; n′ is an even-numbered integer; a is an even- or uneven-numbered integer; and for example different A C1-C12alkyl, or a photoactive moiety Q1, or a group of formula (2); E for example is a direct bond, L is linear or branched C1-C3alkylene, preferably propylene; R1 and R2 for example are a photoactive moiety Q, or C2-20alkyl; Q is for example a group of formula (4); Z2 is for example C1-C6alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more OR6; and R6, R12, R13 and R14 for example are hydrogen; are especially suitable as low-migrating photoinitiators.
摘要翻译：光引发剂化合物，其包含与多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷结合的光活性部分和胺官能团，该光引发剂由式（1）或（1'）表示，其中n为2m; m为2〜30的整数， n'+ a的和为4-60的整数; n'是偶数整数; a是偶数或不均匀的整数; 例如不同的A C1-C12烷基或光活性部分Q1或式（2）的基团; E例如是直接键合，L是直链或支链C1-C3亚烷基，优选丙烯; R1和R2例如是光活性部分Q或C2-20烷基; Q例如是式（4）的一组; Z2为例如未被取代或被一个或多个OR 6取代的C 1 -C 6亚烷基; R 6，R 12，R 13和R 14例如为氢; 特别适用于低迁移性光引发剂。

32. 发明授权

US08254426B2 Surface emitting semiconductor component, and laser device including such component 失效
标题翻译：表面发射半导体部件和包括这种部件的激光装置
公开(公告)号：US08254426B2
公开(公告)日：2012-08-28
申请号：US11634461
申请日：2006-12-05
申请人： Martin Müller
发明人： Martin Müller
IPC分类号： H01S5/183 , H01S5/14
CPC分类号： H01S5/18355 , B82Y20/00 , H01S3/109 , H01S5/14 , H01S5/142 , H01S5/18311 , H01S5/18383 , H01S5/18391 , H01S5/3095 , H01S5/34
摘要： A surface emitting semiconductor component with an emission direction that has a semiconductor body. The semiconductor body has a plurality of active regions for the generation of radiation and are spaced apart from one another, wherein between two active regions a tunnel junction is monolithically integrated in the semiconductor body. The two active regions are electrically conductively connected by means of the tunnel junction, and the semiconductor component is provided for operation with an external resonator. A laser device comprising a semiconductor component of this type and an external resonator is also disclosed.
摘要翻译：具有半导体本体的具有发射方向的表面发射半导体部件。半导体本体具有用于产生辐射并且彼此间隔开的多个有源区域，其中在两个有源区域之间，隧道结单片地集成在半导体本体中。两个有源区域通过隧道结导电连接，并且提供半导体元件用于与外部谐振器一起操作。还公开了一种包括这种类型的半导体部件和外部谐振器的激光器件。

33. 发明授权

US08099998B2 Apparatus and method for estimating stopped engine crank angle 有权
标题翻译：用于估计停止的发动机曲柄角的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US08099998B2
公开(公告)日：2012-01-24
申请号：US12783075
申请日：2010-05-19
申请人： Martin Müller
发明人： Martin Müller
IPC分类号： G01M15/06
CPC分类号： F02D41/042 , F02D2041/0092 , F02D2041/0095
摘要： An engine control system, controller, and method for estimating a stopped engine crank angle of an internal combustion engine. Typical crank sensors do not output a reliable crank signal when the engine is about to stop, and do not indicate crank direction which is necessary to determine if engine bounce-back occurs. A crank sensor signal is analyzed as the engine coasts to a stop so that a coast-down model can be adjusted to accurately estimate the stopped engine crank angle. A bounce-back model is also used to estimate an engine bounce-back angle and to make further corrections to the estimated stopped engine crank angle.
摘要翻译：一种用于估计内燃机停止的发动机曲柄角的发动机控制系统，控制器和方法。当发动机即将停止时，典型的曲柄传感器不会输出可靠的曲柄信号，并且不指示确定发动机反弹是否发生所必需的曲柄方向。当发动机滑行停止时，分析曲柄传感器信号，以便可以调整滑行模型以精确地估计停止的发动机曲柄角。反弹模型也用于估计发动机反弹角度，并进一步校正估计的停止的发动机曲轴角度。

34. 发明申请

US20110182317A1 SURFACE EMITTING SEMICONDUCTOR LASER HAVING A PLURALITY OF ACTIVE ZONES 审中-公开
标题翻译：表面发射半导体激光具有多个活跃区域
公开(公告)号：US20110182317A1
公开(公告)日：2011-07-28
申请号：US12989094
申请日：2009-06-25
申请人： Peter Brick , Martin Müller
发明人： Peter Brick , Martin Müller
IPC分类号： H01S5/18
CPC分类号： H01S5/18355 , H01S3/109 , H01S5/14 , H01S5/18383 , H01S5/18388 , H01S5/3095
摘要： A surface emitting semiconductor laser includes a semiconductor body having at least two active zones that emit laser radiation and are connected to one another by a tunnel junction; an external resonator mirror arranged outside the semiconductor body and forming a laser resonator; and at least one polarization-selective element arranged in the laser resonator.
摘要翻译：表面发射半导体激光器包括具有发射激光辐射并且通过隧道结彼此连接的至少两个有源区的半导体本体; 布置在半导体主体外部并形成激光谐振器的外部谐振器反射镜; 以及布置在激光谐振器中的至少一个偏振选择元件。

35. 发明授权

US07788922B2 System and method for model based boost control of turbo-charged engines 有权
标题翻译：涡轮增压发动机的基于模型的增压控制系统和方法
公开(公告)号：US07788922B2
公开(公告)日：2010-09-07
申请号：US11867376
申请日：2007-10-04
申请人： Martin Müller
发明人： Martin Müller
IPC分类号： F02D23/00
CPC分类号： F02B37/18 , F02B37/12 , F02B37/24 , F02M26/05 , Y02T10/144
摘要： A system and method for controlling boost pressure in various turbo-charged engine configurations as well as variable geometry turbine (VGT) arrangements includes an electronic controller programmed to receive a predetermined desired boost pressure PBoostdes. A desired pressure delta ΔPWGdes across a waste-gate valve is determined using the desired boost pressure PBoostdes. A control signal is generated for controlling the waste-gate valve so as to achieve the desired pressure delta ΔPWGdes. In boost pressure and vacuum pneumatically-actuated waste-gate valve arrangements, the respective solenoid duty cycles are obtained through use of various data structures. Where a waste-gate valve position is controlled by an electrical motor, the valve position is determined using a data structure as a function of desired waste-gate valve flow at sonic standard conditions.
摘要翻译：用于控制各种涡轮增压发动机配置以及可变几何涡轮机（VGT）装置中的增压压力的系统和方法包括被编程为接收预定的所需增压压力PBoostdes的电子控制器。使用期望的增压压力PBoostdes确定跨废气阀门的期望压力δ＆Dgr; PWGdes。产生控制信号以控制废门阀，以达到所需的压力差ΔDgr; PWGdes。在增压压力和真空气动致动的废闸阀装置中，通过使用各种数据结构获得各自的螺线管占空比。在废电闸阀位置由电动机控制的情况下，阀位置是使用在声波标准条件下作为所需废门阀流量的函数的数据结构确定的。

36. 发明申请

US20100162494A1 FUNCTIONALIZED NANOPARTICLES 审中-公开
标题翻译：功能性纳米粒子
公开(公告)号：US20100162494A1
公开(公告)日：2010-07-01
申请号：US12598767
申请日：2008-04-25
申请人： Martin Müller , Didier Bauer , Thomas Ruch , Leonhard Feiler , Wolfgang Schlenker , Christian Cremer
发明人： Martin Müller , Didier Bauer , Thomas Ruch , Leonhard Feiler , Wolfgang Schlenker , Christian Cremer
IPC分类号： C09B69/00 , C07F7/18
CPC分类号： C08K5/5455 , B82Y30/00 , C07B2200/11 , C07F7/1804 , C09B69/008 , Y10S977/773 , Y10T428/2991 , Y10T428/2998 , Y10T428/31663
摘要： Functionalized nanoparticles, which are obtainable by combining in a first step a functionalized dyestuff, a silicon-based spacer and a catalyst, and in a second step reacting the product obtained in the first step with a co-reactive organic silicon, aluminum, zirconium or titanium compound. Optionally, the thus obtained functionalized nanoparticles can be combined or encapsulated with a polymer. The functionalized nanoparticles are useful as colorants and fluorescents in plastics, paints, inks, electronic materials, cosmetic articles, and the like.
摘要翻译：官能化纳米颗粒，其可通过在第一步骤中结合官能化染料，硅基间隔物和催化剂获得，并且在第二步骤中使得第一步骤中获得的产物与共反应性有机硅，铝，锆或钛化合物。任选地，如此获得的官能化纳米颗粒可以与聚合物组合或包封。官能化纳米粒子可用作塑料，油漆，油墨，电子材料，化妆品等中的着色剂和荧光剂。

37. 发明申请

US20100151339A1 FUEL CELL SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR REGULATING A FUEL CELL SYSTEM 审中-公开
标题翻译：燃料电池系统和调节燃料电池系统的方法
公开(公告)号：US20100151339A1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-17
申请号：US12532441
申请日：2008-03-19
申请人： Martin Müller , Andreas Maintz , Jörg Wilhelm , Holger Janssen , Detlef Stolten
发明人： Martin Müller , Andreas Maintz , Jörg Wilhelm , Holger Janssen , Detlef Stolten
IPC分类号： H01M8/04
CPC分类号： H01M8/04007 , H01M8/04089 , H01M8/04365 , H01M8/04559 , H01M8/04589 , H01M8/04597 , H01M8/0488 , H01M8/0491 , H01M8/04917 , H01M8/1011 , H01M16/006 , H01M2008/1095 , H01M2250/20 , Y02E60/523 , Y02T90/32
摘要： There is provided a fuel cell system for mobile applications. An exemplary fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell and a DC/DC transformer that is coupled to the fuel cell and that can be coupled to an energy storage unit. The exemplary fuel cell system also comprises a control and regulation unit connected to the fuel cell and to the DC/DC transformer, the control and regulation unit being adapted to store performance characteristics of a fuel cell that has not aged. The exemplary fuel cell system additionally comprises a performance characteristic regulator associated with the control and regulation unit, the performance characteristic regulator being adapted to receive a value IFC,actual of a current and to receive from the fuel cell a voltage value UFC,actual as well as a value for at least one additional operating variable of the fuel cell system, the performance characteristic regulator being adapted to process the received values IFC,actual, UFC,actual and the value for the operating variable so as to create a control signal, and to relay the control signal to a device for controlling the operating variable.
摘要翻译：提供了一种用于移动应用的燃料电池系统。示例性的燃料电池系统包括燃料电池和耦合到燃料电池并且可耦合到能量存储单元的DC / DC变压器。示例性燃料电池系统还包括连接到燃料电池和DC / DC变压器的控制和调节单元，控制和调节单元适于存储未老化的燃料电池的性能特征。示例性燃料电池系统还包括与控制和调节单元相关联的性能特性调节器，性能特性调节器适于接收值IFC，电流的实际值，并且从燃料电池接收电压值UFC，实际上作为燃料电池系统的至少一个附加操作变量的值，性能特征调节器适于处理接收值IFC，实际，UFC，实际和操作变量的值，以便产生控制信号，以及将控制信号中继到用于控制操作变量的设备。

38. 发明授权

US07638225B2 Cathode for a direct methanol fuel cell and method for operating the same 失效
标题翻译：直接甲醇燃料电池的阴极及其操作方法
公开(公告)号：US07638225B2
公开(公告)日：2009-12-29
申请号：US10553574
申请日：2004-04-08
申请人： Hendrik Dohle , Martin Müller , Jan Bringmann , Jürgen Mergel , Detlef Stolten
发明人： Hendrik Dohle , Martin Müller , Jan Bringmann , Jürgen Mergel , Detlef Stolten
IPC分类号： H01M4/00 , H01M8/00
CPC分类号： H01M4/8605 , H01M8/04156 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1009 , H01M2004/8689 , Y02E60/523
摘要： In low-temperature fuel cells according to prior art, the problem often arises that the diffusion layer of the cathode is filled by water which is permeated or produced on the cathode, such that oxygen can no longer be transported to the catalyst layer of the cathode in a frictionless manner. As a result, said fuel cells are regularly used with a high excess of oxygen in order to reduce the cited transport problems for the oxygen. The inventive fuel cell enables said problem to be solved in that the arrangement of the diffusion layer and the catalyst layer of the cathode is inverted. The diffusion layer, which is embodied in such a way as to also conduct ions, is directly adjacent to the electrolyte membrane. The catalyst layer oriented towards the free cathode space can advantageously directly react with the supplied oxygen without further transport problems. A further advantage lies in the fact that the water produced on the catalyst layer of the cathode and/or permeated by the electrolyte membrane and the diffusion layer can be easily withdrawn via the free cathode space.
摘要翻译：在根据现有技术的低温燃料电池中，经常出现的问题是阴极的扩散层被在阴极上渗透或产生的水填充，使得氧不再能够传输到阴极的催化剂层以无摩擦的方式。结果，所述燃料电池常规地使用大量的氧气，以便减少所引用的氧气运输问题。本发明的燃料电池能够解决这个问题，即扩散层和阴极的催化剂层的布置被反转。以能够进行离子的方式实施的扩散层与电解质膜直接相邻。朝向自由阴极空间取向的催化剂层可以有利地直接与供应的氧气反应，而不会有进一步的运输问题。另一个优点在于，可以通过自由阴极空间容易地排出在阴极的催化剂层上产生的和/或被电解质膜和扩散层渗透的水。

39. 发明申请

US20090304038A1 Semiconductor Laser Device 失效
标题翻译：半导体激光器件
公开(公告)号：US20090304038A1
公开(公告)日：2009-12-10
申请号：US12224572
申请日：2007-02-08
申请人： Wolfgang Schmid , Martin Müller
发明人： Wolfgang Schmid , Martin Müller
IPC分类号： H01S5/183
CPC分类号： H01S5/183 , H01S5/026 , H01S5/041 , H01S5/22 , H01S5/4031
摘要： A semiconductor laser device comprising an optically pumped surface emitting vertical emitter (1), which emits in a vertical main radiation direction, and at least one monolithically integrated pump radiation source (2) for optically pumping the vertical emitter (1), wherein the pump radiation source (2) emits pump radiation in a pump main radiation direction running transversely with respect to the vertical main radiation direction. In a first embodiment, the semiconductor laser device includes at least one vertical section of the pump radiation source (2) that is embodied in index-guiding fashion for the pump radiation in a lateral direction transversely with respect to the pump main radiation direction and transversely with respect to the vertical main radiation direction. In a second embodiment, the semiconductor laser device includes a pump radiation source (2) that has a smaller width in a lateral direction transversely with respect to the pump main radiation direction in at least one vertical section than in a further vertical section. What is achieved in this way given suitable dimensioning is that modes of the pump radiation are forced completely or at least partly in a vertical direction from this section, whereby it is possible to reduce absorption losses of the pump radiation at conductive layers.
摘要翻译：一种半导体激光器件，包括发射在垂直主辐射方向上的垂直发射器（1）的光学泵浦表面和至少一个用于光学泵浦垂直发射器（1）的整体式泵浦辐射源（2），其中泵辐射源（2）沿相对于垂直主辐射方向横向运行的泵主辐射方向发射泵浦辐射。在第一实施例中，半导体激光装置包括泵浦辐射源（2）的至少一个垂直部分，其以相对于泵主辐射方向横向的横向方向上的泵辐射的折射率引导方式体现，并且横向地相对于垂直主辐射方向。在第二实施例中，半导体激光装置包括在至少一个垂直部分中相对于泵主辐射方向横向相比在另一垂直部分中具有较小宽度的泵浦辐射源（2）。以这种方式实现的给定适当的尺寸是，泵浦辐射的模式被完全地或者至少部分地沿着该部分的垂直方向强制，由此可以减少导电层处的泵浦辐射的吸收损失。

40. 发明授权

US07426205B2 No-addressing modular-assembly Ethernet switch with a G.Link 失效
标题翻译：带G.Link的无寻址模块化组件以太网交换机
公开(公告)号：US07426205B2
公开(公告)日：2008-09-16
申请号：US10688025
申请日：2003-10-16
申请人： Kai Fechner , Jürgen Jasperneite , Martin Müller
发明人： Kai Fechner , Jürgen Jasperneite , Martin Müller
IPC分类号： H04L12/66 , H04L12/50 , H04L12/28 , H04L12/56 , H04Q11/00
CPC分类号： H04L49/351 , H04L49/101 , H04Q2213/04
摘要： An Ethernet switch has a header device with a crossbar device and a number of downstream interface modules with a first number of a series of ports and a second number of a series of ports, respectively, such that in each case the same one in the series of the first number of ports is connected to a switching control unit coupled to an interface device, and the further ports in the series of the first number of ports are connected to a port in the second number of the series of ports via respective data lines routed in cascade form.
摘要翻译：以太网交换机具有标题设备，其具有交叉设备和多个下游接口模块，其分别具有第一数量的一系列端口和第二数量的一系列端口，使得在每种情况下，该系列中的相同的一个端口所述第一数量的端口连接到耦合到接口设备的交换控制单元，并且所述一系列端口中的另一端口经由相应的数据线连接到所述第二数量的端口中的端口以级联形式布线。

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