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    • 27. 发明授权
    • 2-Aryloxytetrafluoropropionic esters, process for their preparation, and
their use in liquid-crystalline mixtures
    • 2-芳氧基四氟丙酸酯,其制备方法及其在液晶混合物中的应用
    • US5547605A
    • 1996-08-20
    • US354666
    • 1994-12-13
    • Robert FussJavier ManeroDietmar Jungbauer
    • Robert FussJavier ManeroDietmar Jungbauer
    • C07D239/36C07C67/31C07C67/46C07C69/712C07C321/02C07C325/00C07D239/34C07F7/12C09K19/04C09K19/20C09K19/34C09K19/06C09K19/30G02F1/13
    • C09K19/3466C07C69/712C07D239/34C09K19/04C09K19/2028C09K19/3463
    • The use of a compound of the formula I, in liquid crystal mixtures,R.sup.1 (--A.sup.1).sub.a (--M.sup.1).sub.b (--A.sup.2)--O--CF(CF.sub.3)--COO--(--A.sup.3)(--M.sup.2).sub.c (--A.sup.4).sub.d --R.sup.2 Iin which the symbols and indices have the following meanings:R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different and are hydrogen, a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (with or without asymmetrical carbon atoms), where one or more --CH.sub.2 -- groups may also be replaced by --O--, --CO--, cyclopropane-1,2-diyl, --Si(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --, with the proviso that oxygen atoms must not be bonded directly to one another, and/or one or more H atoms of the alkyl radical may be substituted by --F; M.sup.1 and M.sup.2 are identical or different and are --CO--O--, --O--CO--, or a single bond;A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3 and A.sup.4 are identical or different and are 1,4-phenylene, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, pyrazine-2,5-diyl, in which one or two H atoms may be replaced by F, pyridazine-3,6-diyl, in which one or two H atoms may be replaced by F, pyridine-2,5-diyl, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by F, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, in which one or two H atoms may be replaced by F, trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl, 1,3-thiazole-2,4-diyl, in which one H atom may be replaced by F, 1,3-thiazole-2,5-diyl, in which one H atom may be replaced by F, thiophene-2,4-diyl, in which one H atom may be replaced by F, thiophene-2,5-diyl, in which one or two H atoms may be replaced by F, naphthalene-2,6-diyl, in which one or more H atoms may be replaced by F;a, b, c and d are zero or one.
    • 在液晶混合物中,R1(-A1)a(-M1)b(-A2)-O-CF(CF3)-COO - ( - A3)( - M2)c( -A4)d-R2,其中符号和指数具有以下含义:R 1和R 2相同或不同,为氢,具有1至20个碳原子的直链或支链烷基(具有或不具有不对称碳原子) 其中一个或多个-CH 2 - 基团也可以被-O - , - CO-,环丙烷-1,2-二基,-Si(CH 3)2 - 取代,条件是氧原子不能直接键合到 和/或烷基的一个或多个H原子可以被-F取代; M1和M2相同或不同,为-CO-O-,-O-CO-或单键; A1,A2,A3和A4是相同或不同的,是1,4-亚苯基,其中一个或多个H原子可以被F,吡嗪-2,5-二基代替,其中一个或两个H原子可以被替换 由F,哒嗪-3,6-二基,其中一个或两个H原子可以被F取代,吡啶-2,5-二基,其中一个或多个H原子可被F取代,嘧啶-2,5 - 二基,其中一个或两个H原子可以被F,反式-1,4-亚环己基,1,3,4-噻二唑-2,5-二基,1,3-二恶烷-2,5-二基, 1,3-二噻烷-2,5-二基,1,3-噻唑-2,4-二基,其中一个H原子可被F取代,1,3-噻唑-2,5-二基,其中一个 H原子可以被F,噻吩-2,4-二基代替,其中一个H原子可以被F,噻吩-2,5-二基代替,其中一个或两个H原子可以被F,萘 - 2,6-二基,其中一个或多个H原子可以被F取代; a,b,c和d为零或一。
    • 28. 发明授权
    • Immunoassay for polychlorinated biphenyls
    • 多氯联苯免疫测定
    • US5538852A
    • 1996-07-23
    • US259046
    • 1994-06-13
    • Robert E. CarlsonTodd A. Swanson
    • Robert E. CarlsonTodd A. Swanson
    • C07C57/58C07C57/60C07C59/68C07C59/88C07C69/712C07K16/44G01N33/53G01N33/535G01N33/543
    • C07C69/712C07C57/58C07C57/60C07C59/68C07C59/88C07K16/44G01N33/5308G01N2430/30Y10S436/815Y10S436/822
    • A method for determining qualitatively or quantitatively the presence of polychlorinated biphenyl in a test sample. The method includes the steps of: providing a known quantity of antibodies to polychlorinated biphenyl; providing a competitor that will bind to said antibodies in competition with polychlorinated biphenyl and having a lower affinity to said antibodies than said antibodies have to polychlorinated biphenyl; incubating said antibodies and said competitor in the presence of a test sample; and detecting the presence of polychlorinated biphenyl in the test sample. The competitor used in this method has one of the following structures: ##STR1## wherein A is selected from the group consisting of --NH--, --S--, --O--, --CH.sub.2 --, --NH--C(O)--, --C(O)--NH--, --NH--C(O)--NH--, --NH--C(S)--NH--, --N(CH.sub.3)--, --N(CH.sub.3).sub.2 --, and --O--C(S)--NH--; B is preferably a single bond or an organic or inorganic group; C is selected from the group consisting of --CO.sub.2 H, --NH.sub.2, --CHO, and --OH; Y and Y' are selected from the group consisting of --H and --C1; n=0-5; p=0-3; and q=0-4.
    • 定性或定量测定测试样品中多氯联苯的存在的方法。 该方法包括以下步骤:向多氯联苯提供已知量的抗体; 提供将与多氯联苯竞争结合所述抗体并且对所述抗体的亲和力低于所述抗体对多氯联苯的竞争者; 在测试样品存在下孵育所述抗体和所述竞争物; 并检测测试样品中多氯联苯的存在。 在该方法中使用的竞争剂具有以下结构之一:其中A选自-NH-,-S-,-O-,-CH 2 - , - NH -C(O) - , - C(O)-NH-,-NH-C(O)-NH-,-NH-C(S)-NH-,-N(CH 3) 2-和-OC(S)-NH-; B优选为单键或有机或无机基团; C选自-CO 2 H,-NH 2,-CHO和-OH; Y和Y'选自-H和-C 1; n = 0-5; p = 0-3; q = 0-4。