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    • 21. 发明授权
    • Preparation of stable graphite
    • 稳定石墨的制备
    • US5575985A
    • 1996-11-19
    • US440031
    • 1995-05-12
    • Helmut KlotzHans D. Pinter
    • Helmut KlotzHans D. Pinter
    • C25B1/26C25B11/03C25B11/06C25B11/14C01B31/04C09C1/56
    • C25B11/14C25B1/26C25B11/03
    • In the preparation of a graphite body suitable for use as a cathode in an electrolytic process, comprising the steps ofa) contacting a graphite body with a solution in at least one polyhydric alcohol having 2 to 4 carbon atoms of at least one of an iridium salt and rhodium salt for a time sufficient for the solution to penetrate through the surface of the graphite body to a depth of at least about 1 mm, andb) heating and then cooling the graphite body,the improvement which comprises effecting the heating by contacting the surface of the graphite body into which the solution has penetrated with a naked gas flame positioned above such surface, the graphite body being heated to about 200.degree. to 450.degree. C. for about 2 to 10 minutes.
    • 在制备适于在电解过程中用作阴极的石墨体中,包括以下步骤:a)使石墨体与至少一种具有2至4个碳原子的至少一种铱的多元醇 盐和铑盐一段时间足以使溶液穿透石墨体的表面至少约1mm的深度,以及b)加热然后冷却石墨体,其改进包括通过接触进行加热 溶液已经用位于该表面上方的裸气焰穿透的石墨体的表面,将石墨体加热至约200℃至450℃约2至10分钟。
    • 29. 发明申请
    • CONTINUOUS CO-CURRENT ELECTROCHEMICAL REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
    • 二氧化碳的连续电流电化学还原
    • US20140299482A1
    • 2014-10-09
    • US14244869
    • 2014-04-03
    • Mantra Energy Alternatives Ltd.
    • Colin OlomanHui Li
    • C25B3/04
    • C25B3/04B01D53/326B01D2257/504C25B9/08C25B9/162C25B11/035C25B11/04C25B11/0405C25B11/0447C25B11/0478C25B11/14C25B13/08C25B15/02C25B15/08Y02P20/152
    • In various embodiments, the invention provides electro-chemical processes for reduction of carbon dioxide, for example converting carbon dioxide to format salts or formic acid. In selected embodiments, operation of a continuous reactor with a three dimensional cathode and a two-phase (gas/liquid) catholyte flow provides advantages conditions for electro-reduction of carbon dioxide. In these embodiments, the continuous two-phase flow of catholyte solvent and carbon dioxide containing gas, in selected gas/liquid phase volume flow ratios, provides dynamic conditions that favour the electro-reduction of COs at relatively high effective superficial current densities and gas space velocities, with relatively low reactor (cell) voltages ( 0.1) may provide greater than equilibrium CO2 concentrations in the liquid phase, also facilitating relatively high effective superficial current densities. In some embodiments, these characteristics may for example be achieved at catholyte pH >7 and relatively low CO2 partial pressures (
    • 在各种实施方案中,本发明提供用于还原二氧化碳的电化学方法,例如将二氧化碳转化为形式的盐或甲酸。 在所选择的实施方案中,具有三维阴极和两相(气/液)阴极电解液流的连续反应器的操作为二氧化碳的电还原提供了优点条件。 在这些实施方案中,在选择的气/液相体积流量比中,阴极电解质溶剂和含二氧化碳气体的连续两相流提供了有利于在相对高的有效表面电流密度和气体空间下电还原CO的动态条件 速度,反应器(电池)电压相对较低(<10伏特)。 在一些实施例中,阴极室(内部气体与液相体积比> 0.1)相当高的内部气体滞留可提供大于液相中的平衡CO 2浓度,并且还有助于相对高的有效表面电流密度。 在一些实施方案中,这些特征可以例如在阴极电解液pH> 7和相对低的CO 2分压(<10巴)下实现。 在一些实施方案中,这些特征可以例如在近绝热条件下实现,阴极电解液出口温度高达约80℃。