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21. 发明授权

US5008414A Process for the production of oxides 失效
标题翻译：氧化物生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US5008414A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-16
申请号：US410435
申请日：1989-09-21
申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr. , Virginia A. Malik
发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr. , Virginia A. Malik
IPC分类号： C07C253/26 , C07C253/34 , C07D301/08
CPC分类号： C07C253/26 , C07C253/34 , C07D301/08 , Y02P20/582
摘要： An improved process is provided for the production of oxides from hydrocarbons by reaction with oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to air, preferably the latter in the presence of an oxidation catalyst. An alkane, e.g. propane, is converted to an alkene in a catalytic dehydrogenator. The product stream is introduced into an oxidation reactor. The product formed therein is recovered in a conventional quench tower. The gaseous effluent from the quench tower is treated in a separator to produce an adsorbed stream, an oxygen-enriched stream, a waste stream and, if desired, a hydrogen-enriched stream. The oxygen-enriched stream may be recycled to the oxidation reactor depending on the nitrogen content thereof. The adsorbed stream plus at least a portion of the hydrogen-enriched stream is introduced into a selective oxidation unit to remove the remaining oxygen and then recycled to the dehydrogenator. The remainder of the hydrogen-enriched stream, if any, may be taken as product or vented. The dehydrogenator may be a multistage dehydrogenator wherein the product stream is withdrawn from a reactor other than the first and last reactors, the recycle streams are introduced into the next sequential reactor and the effluent from the last reactor is introduced into the first reactor, a reactor having a similar alkane composition or directly into the oxidation reactor.

22. 发明授权

US5008412A Process for the production of oxides 失效
标题翻译：氧化物生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US5008412A
公开(公告)日：1991-04-16
申请号：US376331
申请日：1989-07-06
申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
IPC分类号： C07C253/26 , C07C253/34 , C07D301/08
CPC分类号： C07D301/08 , Y02P20/582
摘要： An improved process is provided for the production of oxides from alkanes by reaction with oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to an air in the presence of an oxidation catalyst. An alkane, e.g. propane, is converted to an alkene in a multistage dehydrogenator. The product stream is withdrawn from an intermediate reactor in the dehydrogenator, other than the first and the last reactor, and introduced into an oxidation reactor. The product formed in the oxidation reactor is recovered in a conventional quench tower. The gaseous effluent from the quench tower is treated in a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit to form a gaseous stream containing the unreacted alkane and alkene as well as a minor amount, i.e. less than about 2 percent by volume, of oxygen and nitrogen, if present in the feed to the oxidation reactor. The gaseous stream, which may or may not contain hydrogen depending on the adsorbent in the PSA unit, is introduced into the reactor in the dehydrogenator following the intermediate reactor. The effluent from the last reactor in the dehydrogenator is introduced into either: (i) the first reactor; (ii) a reactor other than said first reactor wherein the alkene concentration closely approximates the effluent of the oxidation reactor. The subject process is particularly efficient utilizing oxygen-enriched air in the reactor feed. A preferred PSA system for use in the subject process comprises two parallel PSA units containing different adsorbents such that the gaseous phase formed in one contains all of the hydrogen in the gas phase from the quench tower. The feed to the PSA units is divided disproportionately so that the combined PSA effluent recycle streams contain the optimum concentration of hydrogen for the dehydrogenator.
摘要翻译：提供了一种改进的方法，用于在氧化催化剂存在下，通过与氧气，空气或相对于空气富含氧的气体反应从烷烃生成氧化物。烷烃，例如丙烷转化为多级脱氢剂中的烯烃。将产物流从除了第一和最后一个反应器之外的脱氢器中的中间反应器中取出，并引入氧化反应器中。在常规的淬火塔中回收在氧化反应器中形成的产物。来自淬火塔的气态流出物在变压吸附（PSA）单元中进行处理以形成含有未反应的烷烃和烯烃以及少量（即小于约2体积％）氧和氮的气流，如果存在于氧化反应器的进料中。根据PSA单元中的吸附剂，可能含有或不含氢的气流在中间反应器之后的脱氢器中被引入反应器中。将脱氢器中最后一个反应器的流出物引入：（i）第一反应器; （ii）除所述第一反应器之外的反应器，其中烯烃浓度与氧化反应器的流出物密切相近。本方法在反应器进料中利用富氧空气特别有效。用于本发明方法的优选PSA系统包括两个平行的PSA单元，其含有不同的吸附剂，使得形成在其中的气相含有来自骤冷塔的气相中的全部氢气。 PSA单元的进料不成比例地分配，使得组合的PSA流出物循环流含有用于脱氢剂的最佳氢浓度。

23. 发明授权

US4870201A Process for the production of nitriles 失效
标题翻译：腈类生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US4870201A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-26
申请号：US281581
申请日：1988-12-08
申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Virginia A. Malik , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Virginia A. Malik , Donald L. MacLean , Donald P. Satchell, Jr.
IPC分类号： C07D301/08 , C07B61/00 , C07C253/26 , C07C255/08 , C07D303/04
CPC分类号： C07C253/26 , C07C253/24 , Y02P20/582
摘要： An improved process is provided for the production of nitriles from hydrocarbons by reaction with oxygen, air or a gas enriched in oxygen relative to air, preferably the latter, and ammonia in the presence of an ammoxidation catalyst. An alkane, e.g., propane, is converted to an alkene in a catalytic dehydrogenator. The product stream is introduced into an ammoxidation reactor. The product formed therein is recovered in a conventional quench tower. The gaseous effluent from the quench tower is treated in a PSA unit comprising at least two pairs of adsorptive beds. The first bed forms a gas stream containing the unreacted alkane and alkene as well as a minor amount, typically 1-2 percent by volume, of oxygen and a vent stream containing oxygen, nitrogen if present, and hydrogen. The vent stream is introduced into the second adsorptive bed to thereby form an oxygen-containing stream which also contains, nitrogen, if present, and a hydrogen-enriched stream. The oxygen-containing stream may be recycled to the ammoxidation reactor depending on the nitrogen content thereof. The alkene/alkane stream plus at least a portion of the hydrogen stream is introduced into a selective oxidation unit to remove the remaining oxygen and then recycled to the dehydrogenator. The remainer of the hydrogen-enriched stream, if any, may be taken as product or vented. The dehydrogenator may be a multistage dehydrogenator wherein the product stream is withdrawn from a reactor other than the first and last reactors, the recycle streams are introduced into the next sequential reactor and the effluent from the last reactor is introduced into the first reactor, a reactor having a similar alkane composition or directly into the admmoxidation/oxidation reactor.
摘要翻译：提供了一种改进的方法，用于通过与氧气，空气或相对于空气富含氧的气体（优选后者）和氨在氨氧化催化剂存在下反应从烃生产腈。烷烃例如丙烷在催化脱氢剂中转化为烯烃。将产物流引入氨氧化反应器中。其中形成的产品在常规的骤冷塔中回收。来自骤冷塔的气态流出物在包含至少两对吸附床的PSA单元中进行处理。第一床形成含有未反应的烷烃和烯烃的气流以及通常为1-2体积％的少量氧气和含有氧气，氮气（如果存在的话）和氢气的排放流。将排出物流引入第二吸附床中，从而形成含有氮气（如果存在）和富氢物流的含氧物流。含氧气流可以根据其含氮量再循环到氨氧化反应器中。加入至少一部分氢气流的烯烃/烷烃流被引入选择性氧化装置以除去剩余的氧气，然后再循环到脱氢器中。富含氢的物流的剩余物（如果有的话）可以作为产物或通风。脱氢剂可以是多级脱氢器，其中产物流从除第一和最后反应器之外的反应器中排出，将再循环流引入下一个顺序反应器中，将来自最后一个反应器的流出物引入第一反应器，反应器具有类似的烷烃组成或直接进入氧化/氧化反应器。

24. 发明授权

US07090826B2 Monolith based catalytic partial oxidation process for syngas production 失效
标题翻译：用于合成气生产的基于Monolith的催化部分氧化方法
公开(公告)号：US07090826B2
公开(公告)日：2006-08-15
申请号：US10657610
申请日：2003-09-08
申请人： Weibin Jiang , Seungdoo Park , Mark S. Tomczak , Divyanshu R. Acharya , Satish S. Tamhankar , Ramakrishnan Ramachandran
发明人： Weibin Jiang , Seungdoo Park , Mark S. Tomczak , Divyanshu R. Acharya , Satish S. Tamhankar , Ramakrishnan Ramachandran
IPC分类号： C01B3/02 , C01B3/32 , C01B31/18
CPC分类号： C01B3/386 , C01B2203/0261 , C01B2203/043 , C01B2203/046 , C01B2203/047 , C01B2203/0877 , C01B2203/1023 , C01B2203/1041 , C01B2203/1047 , C01B2203/1052 , C01B2203/1064 , C01B2203/1082 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/1276 , C01B2203/146 , C01B2203/148 , C01B2203/1604 , C01B2203/1609 , Y02P20/52
摘要： An improved process for the catalytic partial oxidation of hydrocarbons to produce hydrogen and carbon monoxide and less than ˜2% carbon dioxide is disclosed. The process further permits the reaction to be initiated at room temperature, and utilizes a metal catalyst deposited on a ceria-coated zirconia monolith support, which exhibits high conversions of hydrocarbons to synthesis gas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide).
摘要翻译：公开了一种用于烃的催化部分氧化以产生氢气和一氧化碳和小于2％二氧化碳的改进方法。该方法进一步允许反应在室温下开始，并且利用沉积在二氧化铈涂覆的氧化锆整料载体上的金属催化剂，其表现出高的烃转化为合成气（氢气和一氧化碳）。

25. 发明申请

US20050223891A1 Oxy-fuel combustion process 失效
标题翻译：氧燃料燃烧过程
公开(公告)号：US20050223891A1
公开(公告)日：2005-10-13
申请号：US11092345
申请日：2005-03-29
申请人： Yongxian Zeng , Divyanshu Acharya , Satish Tamhankar , Narayanan Ramprasad , Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Frank Fitch , Donald MacLean , Jerry Lin , Richard Clarke
发明人： Yongxian Zeng , Divyanshu Acharya , Satish Tamhankar , Narayanan Ramprasad , Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Frank Fitch , Donald MacLean , Jerry Lin , Richard Clarke
IPC分类号： B01D53/04 , C01B13/02 , F23C9/00 , F23L7/00 , B01D53/22 , B01D59/12
CPC分类号： B01D53/04 , B01D53/047 , B01D2253/10 , B01D2256/12 , B01D2257/102 , B01D2259/40001 , C01B13/0259 , C01B2210/0046 , F23C9/00 , F23C2202/30 , F23L7/007 , F23L2900/07001 , Y02E20/322 , Y02E20/344 , Y02P20/124 , Y10S502/525
摘要： Production of oxygen-enriched gas streams is disclosed herein. Air streams contact an oxygen-selective mixed conductor particularly a perovskite material whereby oxygen is retained or adsorbed on the perovskite and can be employed in a variety of processes such as in combusting a fuel gas, heat recovery and boiler related operations.
摘要翻译：本文公开了富氧气流的生产。空气流接触氧选择性混合导体，特别是钙钛矿材料，由此氧气保留或吸附在钙钛矿上，可用于燃烧燃气，热回收和锅炉相关操作等各种工艺。

26. 发明授权

US5670125A Process for the purification of nitric oxide 失效
标题翻译：一氧化氮纯化方法
公开(公告)号：US5670125A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-23
申请号：US533121
申请日：1995-09-25
申请人： Lien-Lung Sheu , Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Theodore R. Galica
发明人： Lien-Lung Sheu , Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Theodore R. Galica
IPC分类号： B01D53/04 , C01B21/24 , B01J8/00
CPC分类号： C01B21/24 , B01D53/04 , B01D2253/104 , B01D2253/106 , B01D2253/108 , B01D2253/1085 , B01D2253/30 , B01D2257/302 , B01D2257/404 , B01D2257/80 , B01D2259/40084 , B01D2259/416 , B01D2259/4533 , Y10S95/902
摘要： A gas mixture comprised of nitric oxide and, optionally an inert gas, and containing small amounts of nitrogen dioxide, and perhaps moisture and sulfur dioxide, is purified by passing the gas stream through a bed of zeolite having a silica to alumina ratio not greater than about 200. The concentration of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and moisture in the gas stream are reduced to about 1 ppm or less as the gas mixture passes through the bed of zeolite.
摘要翻译：由一氧化氮和任选的惰性气体组成的含有少量二氧化氮和可能的水分和二氧化硫的气体混合物通过使气流通过二氧化硅与氧化铝比不大于气体混合物通过沸石床时，气流中的二氧化氮，二氧化硫和水分的浓度降低至约1ppm或更低。

27. 发明授权

US5565089A Process for decoking catalysts 失效
标题翻译：脱色催化剂的方法
公开(公告)号：US5565089A
公开(公告)日：1996-10-15
申请号：US315631
申请日：1994-09-30
申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Raghu K. Menon
发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Raghu K. Menon
IPC分类号： B01J38/12 , C10G11/18 , C10G35/14
CPC分类号： C10G11/182 , Y02P30/446
摘要： Coke deposits are removed from particulates by combustion in a regenerator by a process in which air is initially used as the oxidant. The combustion gas is subjected to a separation process to remove nitrogen therefrom, and the remaining carbon dioxide-enriched gas stream is recycled to the regenerator together while substantially pure oxygen is introduced into the regenerator. As the level of carbon dioxide in the system increases, the amount of air being introduced into the regenerator is gradually reduced and, in compensation, the amount of oxygen flowing to the regenerator is gradually increased. Eventually, part or all of the air is replaced by oxygen and carbon dioxide recycle gas, and the level of oxygen and carbon dioxide are regulated to maintain the desired temperature in the regenerator.
摘要翻译：焦炭沉积物通过在空气最初被用作氧化剂的方法在再生器中燃烧而从颗粒中除去。对燃烧气体进行分离处理以从其中除去氮气，并且将剩余的富含二氧化碳的气流一起再循环到再生器中，同时将基本上纯的氧气引入再生器中。随着系统中二氧化碳水平的增加，引入再生器的空气量逐渐减少，并且在补偿中，流向再生器的氧气量逐渐增加。最终，部分或全部空气由氧气和二氧化碳循环气体代替，并调节氧气和二氧化碳的含量以保持再生器中所需的温度。

28. 发明授权

US5532384A Process for producing hydrocarbon partial oxidation products 失效
标题翻译：生产烃部分氧化产物的方法
公开(公告)号：US5532384A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-02
申请号：US239636
申请日：1994-05-09
申请人： Arthur Shirley , Ramakrishnan Ramachandran
发明人： Arthur Shirley , Ramakrishnan Ramachandran
IPC分类号： C07B33/00 , C07C51/215 , C07C51/25 , C07C51/31 , F25J3/04 , C07D307/30
CPC分类号： C07B33/00 , C07C51/215 , C07C51/25 , C07C51/252 , C07C51/313 , F25J3/04539 , F25J3/04563 , F25J2205/60
摘要： Hydrocarbon derivatives are produced by contacting a hydrocarbon with oxygen obtained from an air separation unit in the presence of a partial oxidation reaction catalyst. After separation of the hydrocarbon derivative from the reactor effluent, unreacted hydrocarbon is recovered from the effluent by adsorbing the unreacted hydrocarbon onto an adsorbent at superatmospheric pressure and removing the adsorbed hydrocarbon from the adsorbent by depressurizing said adsorbent and purging the adsorbent with nitrogen obtained from the air separation unit. The recovered unreacted hydrocarbon is recycled to the partial oxidation reactor.
摘要翻译：通过在部分氧化反应催化剂的存在下使烃与得自空气分离单元的氧接触来制备烃衍生物。在将烃衍生物从反应器流出物中分离出来之后，通过将未反应的烃吸附在超大气压下的吸附剂上，从流出物中回收未反应的烃，并通过减压所述吸附剂并从氮气中清除吸附剂，从吸附剂中除去吸附的烃空气分离单元。将回收的未反应的烃再循环到部分氧化反应器中。

29. 发明授权

US5470925A Process for the production of alkene polymers 失效
标题翻译：生产烯烃聚合物的方法
公开(公告)号：US5470925A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-28
申请号：US232543
申请日：1994-04-22
申请人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Loc H. Dao
发明人： Ramakrishnan Ramachandran , Loc H. Dao
IPC分类号： B01D53/04 , C08F2/34 , C08F6/00 , C08F10/00
CPC分类号： B01D53/0462 , B01D53/047 , C08F10/00 , C08F6/003 , B01D2253/104 , B01D2253/106 , B01D2253/108 , B01D2253/308 , B01D2257/7022 , B01D2259/40083
摘要： An ethylene stream which contains ethane as an impurity or a propylene stream which contains propane as an impurity is contacted with a polymerization catalyst thereby producing a polymer product containing unreacted ethylene or propylene and the corresponding alkane. A gas mixture containing ethylene or propylene and the corresponding alkane is separated from the polymer product and subjected to adsorption at a temperature of 50.degree. to 200.degree. C. in a bed of adsorbent which selectively adsorbs alkenes, thereby adsorbing substantially all of the propylene or ethylene from the gas mixture. The ethylene or propylene is desorbed from the adsorbent and recycled to the polymerization zone. The process is operated on a low per pass conversion with recycle of unreacted monomer. In the system of the invention the adsorption unit may be upstream or downstream of the polymerization reactor.
摘要翻译：将含有杂质的乙烷或含有丙烷作为杂质的丙烯料流与聚合催化剂接触，由此生成含有未反应的乙烯或丙烯的聚合物产物和相应的烷烃。将含有乙烯或丙烯的气体混合物和相应的烷烃从聚合物产物中分离，并在50至200℃的温度下在选择性吸附烯烃的吸附剂床中进行吸附，从而基本上吸附丙烯或来自气体混合物的乙烯。乙烯或丙烯从吸附剂中解吸并循环到聚合区。该方法在低反应转化率下进行操作，并循环使用未反应的单体。在本发明的系统中，吸附单元可以在聚合反应器的上游或下游。

30. 发明授权

US5468459A Gas stream treatment method for removing per-fluorocarbons 失效
标题翻译：用于除去全氟碳化物的气流处理方法
公开(公告)号：US5468459A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-21
申请号：US395344
申请日：1995-02-28
申请人： Satish S. Tamhankar , Ramakrishnan Ramachandran
发明人： Satish S. Tamhankar , Ramakrishnan Ramachandran
IPC分类号： B01D53/34 , B01D53/68 , B01D53/70 , C01B6/04 , C01B6/24 , C01F11/22 , B01J31/02
CPC分类号： B01D53/70 , B01D53/68 , Y02C20/30
摘要： A per-fluorocarbon containing gas is treated by contacting per-fluorocarbon contained within the gas with calcium hydride at a temperature in a range of between about 450 and 900.degree. C. The calcium hydride can be contained in a bed mixed with silicon or calcium oxide and such bed can be used in conjunction with a downstream bed of calcium oxide to remove any hydrogen fluoride produced. Also, an upstream bed of calcium fluoride can be used to treat acid gases in case of semiconductor processing applications of the present invention.
摘要翻译：通过使气体中所含的碳氟化合物与氢化钙在约450-900℃之间的温度下接触来处理含碳氟化合物的气体。氢化钙可以包含在与硅或氧化钙混合的床中并且这种床可以与氧化钙的下游床结合使用以除去所产生的任何氟化氢。此外，在本发明的半导体加工应用的情况下，可以使用氟化钙的上游床来处理酸性气体。

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