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    • 24. 发明授权
    • Fabrication including sol-gel processing
    • 制作包括溶胶 - 凝胶加工
    • US5944866A
    • 1999-08-31
    • US89859
    • 1998-06-03
    • You-Lung ChenSanjay PatelJorge Luis Valdes
    • You-Lung ChenSanjay PatelJorge Luis Valdes
    • C03B8/02C03B20/00C03B37/012C03C1/00C03B37/016
    • C03C1/006Y10S65/901
    • The invention provides an alternative to conventional sol-gel methods that utilize undesirably high amounts of a stabilizing agent such as TMAH and a gelling agent such as methyl formate. The method involves the steps of (a) providing a colloidal silica dispersion containing a stabilizing/gelling agent, where only a portion of the molecules of the agent ionize, and (b) subsequently adding to the silica dispersion a pH-reducing additive. The stabilizing/gelling agent has a dual function. The agent, e.g., an amine, initially acts as a stabilizer in the silica dispersion in that a portion of its molecules ionize, while an appreciable amount of the agent remains non-ionized. The agent later transforms in situ to a gelling agent upon addition of a pH-reducing additive. Specifically, as the pH-reducing additive lowers the pH to values at or around the pK.sub.a of the stabilizing/gelling agent, more of the agent's molecules are ionized, these cations contributing to charge neutralization, and thus gellation, of the colloidal silica particles.
    • 本发明提供了常规溶胶 - 凝胶方法的替代方案,其使用不希望的大量稳定剂如TMAH和胶凝剂如甲酸甲酯。 该方法包括以下步骤:(a)提供含有稳定/胶凝剂的胶态二氧化硅分散体,其中只有一部分试剂的分子离子化,和(b)随后向二氧化硅分散体中加入pH降低添加剂。 稳定剂/胶凝剂具有双重功能。 该试剂,例如胺最初充当二氧化硅分散体中的稳定剂,因为其一部分分子离子化,而相当量的试剂保持非离子化。 该添加剂随后在添加pH降低添加剂时原位转化为胶凝剂。 具体地说,随着pH值降低添加剂将pH降低至稳定/胶凝剂的pKa值或周围值,离子化剂的分子越多,这些阳离子有助于胶体二氧化硅颗粒的电荷中和,从而凝胶化。
    • 25. 发明授权
    • Method and apparatus for branch target prediction
    • 分支目标预测方法和装置
    • US5938761A
    • 1999-08-17
    • US976826
    • 1997-11-24
    • Sanjay PatelAdam R. TalcottRajasekhar Cherabuddi
    • Sanjay PatelAdam R. TalcottRajasekhar Cherabuddi
    • G06F9/38G06F9/32
    • G06F9/3806
    • One embodiment of the present invention provides a method and an apparatus for predicting the target of a branch instruction. This method and apparatus operate by using a translation lookaside buffer (TLB) to store page numbers for predicted branch target addresses. In this embodiment, a branch target address table stores a small index to a location in the translation lookaside buffer, and this index is used retrieve a page number from the location in the translation lookaside buffer. This page number is used as the page number portion of a predicted branch target address. Thus, a small index into a translation lookaside buffer can be stored in a predicted branch target address table instead of a larger page number for the predicted branch target address. This technique effectively reduces the size of a predicted branch target table by eliminating much of the space that is presently wasted storing redundant page numbers. Another embodiment maintains coherence between the branch target address table and the translation lookaside buffer. This makes it possible to detect a miss in the translation lookaside buffer at least one cycle earlier by examining the branch target address table.
    • 本发明的一个实施例提供了一种用于预测分支指令的目标的方法和装置。 该方法和装置通过使用翻译后备缓冲器(TLB)来存储用于预测的分支目标地址的页码。 在本实施例中,分支目标地址表将小索引存储到翻译后备缓冲器中的位置,并且使用该索引从翻译后备缓冲器中的位置检索页码。 该页码用作预测分支目标地址的页码部分。 因此,可以在预测的分支目标地址表中存储向翻译后备缓冲器的小索引,而不是预测的分支目标地址的较大的页码。 该技术通过消除存储冗余页码的目前浪费的大部分空间来有效地减小预测分支目标表的大小。 另一个实施例维护分支目标地址表和转换后备缓冲器之间的一致性。 这使得可以通过检查分支目标地址表来更早地检测翻译后备缓冲区中的未命中至少一个周期。
    • 27. 发明公开
    • UMBRELLA CASE
    • US20240225216A9
    • 2024-07-11
    • US17768849
    • 2020-09-08
    • Sanjay PatelRachel GRIMALDI
    • Sanjay PatelRachel GRIMALDI
    • A45B25/24A45F3/02
    • A45B25/24A45F3/02A45F2003/003
    • An umbrella case configured to hold an umbrella having a rigid shaft with a handle at one end and a spike at the other end, the umbrella case comprising an umbrella holding assembly comprising a generally tubular sheath 106 having an open end and a spike-receiving portion 107 defining a spike-receiving aperture at the other end, and a fastening strap 100 having a first end coupled to an outer surface of the umbrella case, close to the open end of the sheath 106, and having a second, free end configured to be selectively moved to a fastening position in which it is connected to the umbrella case at a generally diametrically opposite location to the first end, the sheath, the spike-receiving portion and the fastening strap when in the fastening position, together, defining the effective length of the umbrella holding assembly, wherein at least one of the sheath, the spike-receiving portion and the fastening strap is selectively longitudinally extendible upon application of a force, in use, thereby to increase the effective length of the umbrella holding assembly to accommodate the length of an umbrella held therein.
    • 28. 发明公开
    • UMBRELLA CASE
    • US20240130492A1
    • 2024-04-25
    • US17768849
    • 2020-09-07
    • Sanjay PatelRachel GRIMALDI
    • Sanjay PatelRachel GRIMALDI
    • A45B25/24A45F3/02
    • A45B25/24A45F3/02A45F2003/003
    • An umbrella case configured to hold an umbrella having a rigid shaft with a handle at one end and a spike at the other end, the umbrella case comprising an umbrella holding assembly comprising a generally tubular sheath 106 having an open end and a spike-receiving portion 107 defining a spike-receiving aperture at the other end, and a fastening strap 100 having a first end coupled to an outer surface of the umbrella case, close to the open end of the sheath 106, and having a second, free end configured to be selectively moved to a fastening position in which it is connected to the umbrella case at a generally diametrically opposite location to the first end, the sheath, the spike-receiving portion and the fastening strap when in the fastening position, together, defining the effective length of the umbrella holding assembly, wherein at least one of the sheath, the spike-receiving portion and the fastening strap is selectively longitudinally extendible upon application of a force, in use, thereby to increase the effective length of the umbrella holding assembly to accommodate the length of an umbrella held therein.
    • 29. 发明授权
    • Reducing implementation costs of communicating cache invalidation information in a multicore processor
    • 降低在多核处理器中传送缓存无效信息的实施成本
    • US08639885B2
    • 2014-01-28
    • US12643238
    • 2009-12-21
    • Prashant JainSandip DasSanjay Patel
    • Prashant JainSandip DasSanjay Patel
    • G06F12/00
    • G06F12/0897Y02D10/13
    • A processor may include several processor cores, each including a respective higher-level cache, wherein each higher-level cache includes higher-level cache lines; and a lower-level cache including lower-level cache lines, where each of the lower-level cache lines may be configured to store data that corresponds to multiple higher-level cache lines. In response to invalidating a given lower-level cache line, the lower-level cache may be configured to convey a sequence including several invalidation packets to the processor cores via an interface, where each member of the sequence of invalidation packets corresponds to a respective higher-level cache line to be invalidated, and where the interface is narrower than an interface capable of concurrently conveying all invalidation information corresponding to the given lower-level cache line. Each invalidation packet may include invalidation information indicative of a location of the respective higher-level cache line within different ones of the processor cores.
    • 处理器可以包括几个处理器核心,每个处理器核心包括相应的更高级别的高速缓存,其中每个更高级别的高速缓存包括更高级别的高速缓存行; 以及包括较低级别高速缓存行的下级缓存,其中每个下级高速缓存行可以被配置为存储对应于多个更高级别的高速缓存行的数据。 响应于使给定的低级高速缓存行无效,低级缓存可以被配置为经由接口将包括若干无效分组的序列传送到处理器核,其中无效分组序列中的每个成员对应于相应较高的 高级缓存行将被无效,并且其中接口比能够同时传送对应于给定下级高速缓存行的所有无效信息的接口更窄。 每个无效分组可以包括指示相应的较高级别高速缓存行在不同处理器核心内的位置的无效信息。
    • 30. 发明申请
    • Apparatus and Method for Guest and Root Register Sharing in a Virtual Machine
    • 虚拟机中访客和根注册器共享的装置和方法
    • US20130263124A1
    • 2013-10-03
    • US13436654
    • 2012-03-30
    • Sanjay PatelRanjit Joseph Rozario
    • Sanjay PatelRanjit Joseph Rozario
    • G06F9/455
    • G06F9/4555
    • A computer readable storage medium includes executable instructions to define a processor with guest mode control registers supporting guest mode operating behavior defined by guest context specified in the guest mode control registers. The guest mode control registers include a control bit to specify a guest access blocked register state and a shared register state. Root mode control registers support root mode operating behavior defined by root context specified in the root mode control registers. The root mode control registers include control bits to enable replicated register state access and shared register state access. The guest context and the root context support virtualization of hardware resources such that multiple operating systems supporting multiple applications are executed by the hardware resources.
    • 计算机可读存储介质包括可执行指令,以定义具有访客模式控制寄存器的处理器,所述访客模式控制寄存器支持由访客模式控制寄存器中指定的访客上下文定 访客模式控制寄存器包括一个控制位,用于指定访客阻止寄存器状态和共享寄存器状态。 根模式控制寄存器支持在根模式控制寄存器中指定的根上下文定义的根模式操作行为。 根模式控制寄存器包括用于启用复制寄存器状态访问和共享寄存器状态访问的控制位。 访客环境和根本环境支持硬件资源的虚拟化,使得支持多个应用的​​多个操作系统由硬件资源执行。