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    • 21. 发明授权
    • Display with a heater
    • 显示加热器
    • US06723958B2
    • 2004-04-20
    • US09991562
    • 2001-11-20
    • Peter BrandtWolfgang Siegel
    • Peter BrandtWolfgang Siegel
    • H05B100
    • G02F1/133382G05D23/2401
    • Display with a heater, a) the display having at least one display glass, b) the heater having an electrically operated heating element connected to a voltage supply (UB, GND), c) the heating element comprising a thin layer, d) the layer being made of a material forming an electrical resistance, and e) the layer being applied over a surface area to the at least one display glass or being embedded over a surface area in the display. f) A first measuring instrument (4) is provided, which determines the resistance value of the heating element, g) a second measuring instrument (5) is provided, which determines the level of the voltage present at the heating element, h) a third measuring instrument (3) is provided, which senses the current ambient temperature at the display, i) a memory (7) is provided, which stores the determined resistance value of the heating element, j) a logic unit (6) is provided, which determines for the stored resistance value in accordance with the determined voltage and the determined ambient temperature a current-supplying period for the heating element necessary to produce that heat output which will heat up the display to a certain operating temperature within a predetermined time, and k) a switching element (8) actuated by the logic unit (6) is provided, which regulates the current flow through the heating element connected to the voltage supply (UB, GND) for the current-supplying period determined.
    • 显示器具有加热器,a)具有至少一个显示玻璃的显示器,b)加热器具有连接到电压源(UB,GND)的电动加热元件,c)加热元件包括薄层,d) 层由形成电阻的材料制成,以及e)该层被施加到至少一个显示玻璃的表面区域上,或被嵌入在显示器的表面区域上。 f)提供第一测量仪器(4),其确定加热元件的电阻值,g)设置第二测量仪器(5),其确定存在于加热元件上的电压的电平,h)a 提供第三测量仪器(3),其感测显示器上的当前环境温度,i)提供存储器(7),其存储所确定的加热元件的电阻值,j)提供逻辑单元(6) 其根据所确定的电压和所确定的环境温度来确定用于产生在预定时间内将显示器加热到某一工作温度的热输出所必需的加热元件的电流供应周期, 并且k)设置由逻辑单元(6)启动的开关元件(8),其调节通过连接到用于供电周期的电压源(UB,GND)的加热元件的电流 决心。
    • 23. 发明授权
    • Continuous preparation of dimethylvinylcarbinol by isomerizing prenol
    • 通过异构化prenol连续制备二甲基乙烯基甲醇
    • US06180839B2
    • 2001-01-30
    • US09265923
    • 1999-03-10
    • Matthias KieferWolfgang SiegelJörg TherreMelanie PahlWerner AquilaUlrich Sch{umlaut over (a)}fer-L{umlaut over (u)}derssen
    • Matthias KieferWolfgang SiegelJörg TherreMelanie PahlWerner AquilaUlrich Sch{umlaut over (a)}fer-L{umlaut over (u)}derssen
    • C07C2700
    • C07C29/56C07C33/03
    • A process is described for the continuous preparation of dimethylvinylcarbinol (DMVC) by continuously reacting prenol with the aqueous solution of a protic acid in the still or in the lower part of a rectification column while distilling off the DMVC formed in the form of an azeotropic mixture with water, which comprises a) during the reaction ensuring that as far as possible no liquid two-phase mixture forms in the reaction mixture, b) distilling off the DMVC which forms at a reflux ratio of at least 2, as a result of which there is virtually no more prenol present in the distillate from the column, and c) setting the reaction volume and/or the amount of prenol added per hour and/or the concentration of protons in the reaction mixture in such a manner that the quotient, defined as residence time concentration coefficient, of the reaction volume and the volume of prenol added per hour multiplied by the concentration of protons in the reaction mixture has a value between 0.001 h·mol/l and 1 h·mol/l. In this connection, the formation of a liquid two-phase mixture in the reaction mixture is prevented, in addition to avoiding too large a prenol excess, by continuously taking from the reaction mixture a partial stream, passing it over a phase separation vessel, completely or at least largely removing there the small quantities, formed in the course of the reaction, of organic by-products which are insoluble or only partially soluble in water, and returning the aqueous phase to the reaction volume.
    • 描述了通过在精馏塔的静止或下部连续地反应预先醇与质子酸的水溶液连续反应制备二甲基乙烯基甲醇(DMVC)的方法,同时蒸馏出以共沸混合物形式形成的DMVC 在反应过程中包含a)的水,确保尽可能在反应混合物中形成液体两相混合物,b)蒸发形成回流比至少为2的DMVC,结果是在那里 在柱的馏出物中基本上没有更多的prenol存在,并且c)使反应体积和/或每小时加入的prenol的量和/或反应混合物中的质子浓度设定为使得定义为 停留时间浓度系数,反应体积和每小时加入的prenol体积乘以反应混合物中质子浓度的值为0.001 h.mol / l和 1 h.mol / l。在这方面,防止反应混合物中的液体两相混合物的形成,除了避免过多的过量的过量以外,通过连续取出反应混合物的一部分流,将其通过 在相分离容器中,完全或至少大部分在反应过程中形成的少量去除不溶或仅部分溶于水的有机副产物,并将水相返回到反应体积中。
    • 27. 发明授权
    • Preparation of .beta.-hydroxycarboxylates
    • β-羟基羧酸盐的制备
    • US5294731A
    • 1994-03-15
    • US36023
    • 1993-03-23
    • Joachim PaustWolfgang Siegel
    • Joachim PaustWolfgang Siegel
    • C07C67/343C07C69/76C07C69/66
    • C07C67/343
    • A process for the preparation of .beta.-hydroxycarboxylates of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 individually denoteC.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl optionally substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy and/or halogen, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 alkoxycarbonylalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.30 acetalalkenyl, aryl optionally mono- to penta-substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy, and/or halogen, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 aralkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 aralkenyl, hetaryl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 cycloalkylalkyl,or together denote a C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene chainand one or other of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denotes hydrogen, andR.sup.3 denotes hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, aryl optionally mono- to penta-substituted by C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkoxy, and/or halogen, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 aralkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 cycloalkylalkyl, andR.sup.4 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 alkenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.20 aralkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.20 cycloalkyl, or C.sub.4 -C.sub.20 cycloalkylalkyl,by the reaction of carbonyl compounds of the general formula II ##STR2## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the meanings stated above, with .alpha.-bromocarboxylates of the general formula III ##STR3## in which R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 have the meanings stated above, wherein the reaction with zinc is carried out in methylene chloride at a temperature ranging from 0.degree. to 50.degree. C.
    • 制备通式I(I)的β-羟基羧酸盐的方法,其中R 1和R 2各自表示任选被C 1 -C 8烷氧基和/或卤素取代的C 1 -C 20烷基,C 3 -C 20烷氧基羰基烷基, C20烯基,C5-C30乙缩醛基,C1-C8烷基,C1-C8烷氧基和/或卤素任选被一至五取代的芳基,C 7 -C 20芳烷基,C 7 -C 20芳烯基,杂芳基,C 3 -C 20环烷基或 C 4 -C 20环烷基烷基,或一起表示C 2 -C 8亚烷基链,R 1和R 2中的一个或其中R 1表示氢,R 3表示氢,C 1 -C 20烷基,C 2 -C 20链烯基,任选地被C1任意单 - 五取代的芳基 C 8烷基,C 1 -C 8烷氧基和/或卤素,C 7 -C 20芳烷基,C 3 -C 20环烷基或C 4 -C 20环烷基烷基,R 4表示C 1 -C 20烷基,C 4 -C 20烯基,C 7 -C 20芳烷基, C20环烷基或C4-C20环烷基烷基,通过其中R1和R2具有上述含义的通式II(II)的羰基化合物与α-溴代羰基 通式III的化合物(III)其中R3和R4具有上述含义,其中与二氯甲烷的反应在0℃至50℃的温度下进行。