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11. 发明授权

US5102637A Method of purifying zirconium tetrachloride and hafnium tetrachloride in a vapor stream 失效
标题翻译：在蒸汽流中提纯四氯化锆和四氯化铪的方法
公开(公告)号：US5102637A
公开(公告)日：1992-04-07
申请号：US597254
申请日：1990-10-12
申请人： Thomas S. Snyder , Richard A. Stoltz
发明人： Thomas S. Snyder , Richard A. Stoltz
IPC分类号： C01B33/107 , C01G25/04 , C01G27/04
CPC分类号： C01B33/10721 , C01G25/04 , C01G27/04
摘要： A vapor stream from a sand chlorinator containing principally zirconium tetrachloride, hafnium tetrachloride and silicon tetrachloride contaminated with ferric chloride is purified by cooling the vapor to a temperature of about 335.degree. C. to about 600.degree. C. The cooled vapors flow through a gaseous diffusion separative barrier where a silicon tetrachloride vapor stream contaminated with metal chlorides flows from the separative barrier as a "fast" stream; ferric chloride is adsorbed by the separative barrier; and a vapor stream principally containing zirconium tetrachloride, hafnium tetrachloride and silicon tetrachloride is screened by the separative barrier.
摘要翻译：通过将蒸气冷却至约335℃至约600℃的温度，将主要含有四氯化锆，四氯化铪和四氯化氯的四氯化氯的氯化氯蒸气流提纯至约335℃至约600℃。冷却的蒸汽流过气体扩散分离屏障，其中被金属氯化物污染的四氯化硅蒸汽流作为“快速”流从分离屏障流出; 氯化铁被分离屏障吸附; 并且主要含有四氯化锆，四氯化铪和四氯化硅的蒸汽流由分离屏障筛选。

12. 发明授权

US4923579A Electrochemical process for zirconium alloy recycling 失效
标题翻译：锆合金回收电化学工艺
公开(公告)号：US4923579A
公开(公告)日：1990-05-08
申请号：US242573
申请日：1988-09-12
申请人： Thomas S. Snyder , Richard A. Stoltz , David Zuckerbrod
发明人： Thomas S. Snyder , Richard A. Stoltz , David Zuckerbrod
IPC分类号： C25C3/26 , C25C3/34
CPC分类号： C25C3/26 , C25C3/34
摘要： A major cost component for zirconium alloy manufacture and fabrication is metal scrap generation during fabrication. This scrap, which has already incurred the entire process conversion cost from zircon sand to metal refining, constitutes an expensive cost to the fabrication process. The present invention teaches that these alloy scraps may be separated into their components by molten salt electrolysis using FLINAK electrolyte. The alloy components are recycled directly to the alloying process as cathodic grade metals, saving the cost of completely repeating the zircon conversion process.
摘要翻译：锆合金制造和制造的主要成本部件是制造期间的金属废料产生。这种废料已经引起从锆石砂到金属精炼的整个工艺转化成本，构成了制造工艺的昂贵成本。本发明教导了这些合金废料可以通过使用FLINAK电解质的熔融盐电解分离成它们的组分。合金成分直接回收到合金化工艺中作为阴极级金属，节省了完全重复锆石转化工艺的成本。

13. 发明授权

US4744973A Inorganic polymeric cationic ion exchange matrix 失效
标题翻译：无机聚合物阳离子交换基质
公开(公告)号：US4744973A
公开(公告)日：1988-05-17
申请号：US803023
申请日：1985-11-29
申请人： Thomas S. Snyder , Edward J. Lahoda
发明人： Thomas S. Snyder , Edward J. Lahoda
IPC分类号： C01F7/36 , B01J39/02 , B01J39/08 , C01B33/00 , C01B35/10 , C01G23/00 , C01G25/00 , C01G25/06 , C01B25/01 , C01B17/96 , C01G25/02
CPC分类号： C01G25/06 , B01J39/02 , B01J39/085
摘要： Disclosed is an inorganic polymeric cationic ion exchange matrix which is the condensation polymerized reaction product of components including an alkyl compound of an element that has a valence of at least three, water, and a dopant having groups including an ion exchangeable moiety and a replaceable hydrogen. The ion exchange matrix is preferably made by adding the water to the alkyl compound first followed by the addition of the dopant, followed by heating to dryness. The resulting product is a powder or granule that can be used as an ion exchange matrix by placing it in a column and passing a solution through it which contains metal ions that are exchanged with ions on the polymer.
摘要翻译：公开了一种无机聚合阳离子交换基质，其是包含具有至少三价化合价的元素的烷基化合物和包含可离子交换部分和可置换氢的基团的掺杂剂的组分的缩聚反应产物。优选通过首先将水加入到烷基化合物中，然后加入掺杂剂，然后加热至干燥来制备离子交换基质。所得产物是粉末或颗粒，其可以通过将其置于柱中并通过其中含有与聚合物上的离子交换的金属离子的溶液而用作离子交换基质。

14. 发明授权

US5876590A Electrochemical leaching of soil 失效
标题翻译：电化学浸出土壤
公开(公告)号：US5876590A
公开(公告)日：1999-03-02
申请号：US772475
申请日：1996-12-23
申请人： Thomas S. Snyder , Dale L. Keairns
发明人： Thomas S. Snyder , Dale L. Keairns
IPC分类号： B01D61/44 , B09C1/02 , B09C1/08 , C02F1/467 , C02F1/469
CPC分类号： B09C1/085 , B01D61/44 , B09C1/02 , C02F1/4678 , C02F1/469 , C02F2201/46115 , C02F2201/46185
摘要： An electrochemical leaching system for cleaning contaminated fines. The system has a waste vessel for receiving and holding a contaminated fines and lixiviant mixture. On a side of the waste vessel is an anolyte vessel holding an anolyte fluid. An anolyte barrier separates the waste and anolyte vessels. On an opposite side of the waste vessel is a catholyte vessel holding a catholyte fluid. A catholyte barrier separates the waste and catholyte vessels. A potential between an anode in the anolyte vessel and a cathode in the catholyte vessel ionizes the fines contaminants into anionic and cationic contaminants in the lixiviant. The anolyte and catholyte barriers allow the anionic and cationic contaminants, respectively, to flow from the lixiviant and into the anolyte and catholyte fluids in their respective vessels without allowing bulk transfer therebetween. The anionic and cationic contaminants are then removed from the anolyte and catholyte fluids. A cleaner lixiviant and fines exits the system.
摘要翻译：用于清洁污染细粉的电化学浸出系统。该系统具有用于接收和保持受污染的细粒和浸渍混合物的废物容器。在废物容器的一侧是保持阳极电解液的阳极电解液容器。阳极电解屏障将废物和阳极液容器分开。废物容器的另一侧是容纳阴极液的阴极电解液容器。阴极电解屏障将废物和阴极电解液分离。阳极电解液容器中的阳极与阴极电解液容器中的阴极之间的电位将细粉污染物离子化为浸出液中的阴离子和阳离子污染物。阳极电解液和阴极电解液屏障允许阴离子和阳离子污染物分别从其浸泡液流入其各自容器中的阳极电解液和阴极液，而不允许其间的块体转移。然后从阳极电解液和阴极液中除去阴离子和阳离子污染物。更清洁的洗涤剂和罚款退出系统。

15. 发明授权

US5439562A Electrochemical decontamination of radioactive metals by alkaline processing 失效
标题翻译：碱性加工对放射性金属的电化学去污
公开(公告)号：US5439562A
公开(公告)日：1995-08-08
申请号：US261862
申请日：1994-06-17
申请人： Thomas S. Snyder , Dwight Goad
发明人： Thomas S. Snyder , Dwight Goad
IPC分类号： C25C1/08 , G21F9/00 , G21F9/06 , C25C1/06
CPC分类号： G21F9/06 , C25C1/08 , G21F9/004
摘要： A novel method for decontaminating radio-contaminated nickel comprising, in an electrorefining cell having a semi-permeable membrane, cathodically depositing substantially contaminant-free nickel from an alkaline solution containing electrolyte, nickel ions, and radioactive ions. Preferably, the electrolyte solution is ammonium sulfate maintained at a pH of least about 10 (as measured at cell temperature). The electrorefining methods of the invention eliminate the need for separate dissolving and plating tanks, and may be operated by a single power source. These methods are particularly useful for remediating nickel contaminated by technetium, uranium and actinide metals.
摘要翻译：一种用于净化放射性污染的镍的新方法，包括在具有半透膜的电解精制电池中，从含有电解质，镍离子和放射性离子的碱性溶液阴极沉积基本上无污染的镍。优选地，电解质溶液是维持在至少约10的pH（在电池温度下测量）的硫酸铵。本发明的电解精炼方法消除了对单独溶解和电镀槽的需要，并且可以由单个电源操作。这些方法对于修复被锝，铀和锕系金属污染的镍特别有用。

16. 发明授权

US5262019A Decontamination of radioactive metals 失效
标题翻译：放射性金属的去污
公开(公告)号：US5262019A
公开(公告)日：1993-11-16
申请号：US991807
申请日：1992-12-16
申请人： Thomas S. Snyder , Laura J. Ayers , Chuck A. Cooney , Gregory F. Boris , Dwight F. Goad , Kevin D. Robbins , Darrell B. Watkins
发明人： Thomas S. Snyder , Laura J. Ayers , Chuck A. Cooney , Gregory F. Boris , Dwight F. Goad , Kevin D. Robbins , Darrell B. Watkins
IPC分类号： G21F9/06 , G21F9/30 , C25C1/06
CPC分类号： G21F9/30 , G21F9/06
摘要： Technetium-contaminated nickel is decontaminated by electrolytically dissolving nickel having a gross beta activity of at least about 74 Bq in a sulfuric acid solution having a pH between about 0.5 and 2.0. The applied voltage is from 2.0 v/cell to 5.0 v/cell for dissolving the nickel and contaminants while cathodically producing hydrogen gas. Technetium (+4) species in the acid solution is oxidized to the technetium (+7) species. The pH of the technetium-containing acid solution is adjusted to between 2.5 to 4.5. Particulates in the acid solution are filtered from the solution for reducing the gross beta activity of the acid solution to less than about 50 Bq/gm. Radioactive ions (including technetium complexes) are sorbed in an anionic exchanger and a cationic exchanger for reducing the gross beta activity of the acid solution to less than about 20 Bq/gm. After verifying the gross beta activity of the acid solution, the acid solution is either recycled or charged to a electrowinning step. Acid solution having an activity of more than about 20 Bq/gm is recycled to upstream of the anion exchanger and the cationic exchanger. Acid solution having a gross beta activity of less than about 20 Bq/gm is charged to the electrowinning step. Nickel is plated at a voltage of about 2 v/cell to about 6 v/cell while oxygen gas is anodically generated. The pH of barren metal acid solution from the electrowinning step is reduced to less than about 2 and the barren metal acid solution is recycled for dissolving additional contaminated nickel.
摘要翻译：锝污染的镍通过在具有约0.5至2.0的pH的硫酸溶液中电解溶解至少约74Bq的总β活性的镍来净化。施加的电压为2.0v / cell至5.0v / cell，用于溶解镍和污染物，同时阴极生产氢气。酸溶液中的锝（+4）物质被氧化成锝（+7）种。将含锝酸溶液的pH调节至2.5至4.5。从溶液中过滤酸溶液中的颗粒，以将酸溶液的总β活性降低至小于约50Bq / gm。放射性离子（包括锝络合物）在阴离子交换剂和阳离子交换剂中吸附，用于将酸溶液的总β活性降低至小于约20Bq / gm。在验证酸溶液的总β活性后，将酸溶液回收或加入电解提取步骤。具有大于约20Bq / gm活性的酸溶液被再循环到阴离子交换剂和阳离子交换剂的上游。将具有小于约20Bq / gm的总β活性的酸溶液加入到电解提取步骤中。镍以约2V /电池至约6V /电池的电压进行电镀，同时阳极生成氧气。来自电解沉积步骤的贫金属酸溶液的pH降低到小于约2，并且再循环贫金属酸溶液以溶解额外的污染的镍。

17. 发明授权

US5045209A Method for chromatographically recovering scandium and yttrium 失效
标题翻译：色谱回收钪和钇的方法
公开(公告)号：US5045209A
公开(公告)日：1991-09-03
申请号：US587191
申请日：1990-09-24
申请人： Thomas S. Snyder , Richard A. Stoltz
发明人： Thomas S. Snyder , Richard A. Stoltz
IPC分类号： B01D15/08 , C22B59/00 , G01N30/58
CPC分类号： B01D15/1892 , C22B59/00 , B01D15/362 , B01D15/426 , G01N30/58 , Y02P10/212
摘要： Scandium and yttrium present in sand is recovered from the residue pulled from sand chlorinators. The residue is digested with an acid to produce a liquid containing scandium, yttrium, sodium, calcium and at least one radioactive metal of the group consisting of radium, thorium and uranium. The metal-containing liquid is then fed through a cation exchanger. The cation exchanger is eluted with an acid to produce eluate functions containing at least partially separated metals. A first eluate fraction contains at least half of the calcium and the sodium, a second eluate fraction contains at least half of the radioactive metals, a third eluate fraction contains at least half of the scandium and a fourth eluate fraction contains at least half of the yttrium which were contained in the metal-containing feed.
摘要翻译：沙子中存在的钪和钇从从氯化钠洗涤剂中抽出的残余物中回收。残余物用酸消化以产生含有钪，钇，钠，钙和至少一种由镭，钍和铀组成的组的放射性金属的液体。然后将含金属液体通过阳离子交换器进料。阳离子交换剂用酸洗脱以产生含有至少部分分离的金属的洗脱液功能。第一洗脱液组分含有至少一半的钙和钠，第二洗脱液组分含有至少一半的放射性金属，第三洗脱液组分含有至少一半的钪，第四洗脱液组分含有至少一半的包含在含金属的进料中的钇。

18. 发明授权

US5023061A Chromatographic separation of zirconium isotopes with anhydrous readily recyclable eluents 失效
标题翻译：用无水易回收的洗脱液色谱分离锆同位素
公开(公告)号：US5023061A
公开(公告)日：1991-06-11
申请号：US546982
申请日：1990-07-02
申请人： Thomas S. Snyder , Ernest D. Lee
发明人： Thomas S. Snyder , Ernest D. Lee
IPC分类号： B01D15/08 , B01D59/30 , B01J39/12 , C01G25/00 , G01N30/02 , G01N30/34 , G01N30/44 , G01N30/58 , G01N30/60 , G01N30/88
CPC分类号： B01J39/12 , B01D15/1892 , B01D59/30 , C01G25/003 , G01N30/58 , G01N30/6052 , B01D15/362 , G01N2030/342 , G01N2030/587 , G01N2030/8809 , G01N2030/8859 , G01N30/02 , G01N30/34 , G01N30/44 , G01N30/6017 , G01N30/6047
摘要： The isotopes of zirconium can be partially or completely separated by loading an essentially anhydrous alcoholic solution of an ionic compound of zirconium onto a cationic exchange resin with pentavalent phosphorus derived active groups which serves as the stationary phase of a chromatograph, eluting the compound with an essentially anhydrous alcoholic solution of hydrogen chloride and collecting distinct elution volumes representative of each isotope. In a preferred embodiment, the active groups of the cation exchange resin are derived from di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid, tri-n-octyl phosphine oxide or tributyl phosphate and the chromatograph is of a type, such as a continuous annular chromatograph that it can be operated in a continuous steady state manner.

19. 发明授权

US5021401A Integrated production of superconductor insulation for chemical vapor deposition of nickel carbonyl 失效
标题翻译：用于镍羰基化学气相沉积的超导体绝缘的综合生产
公开(公告)号：US5021401A
公开(公告)日：1991-06-04
申请号：US331768
申请日：1989-04-03
申请人： Thomas S. Snyder , Richard A. Stoltz , George R. Wagner
发明人： Thomas S. Snyder , Richard A. Stoltz , George R. Wagner
IPC分类号： C04B41/87 , C01G1/00 , C23C16/16 , C23C16/40 , H01B13/00 , H01L39/14 , H01L39/24
CPC分类号： C23C16/406 , C23C16/16 , H01L39/14 , H01L39/247 , Y10S505/73 , Y10S505/74 , Y10S505/819 , Y10S505/821
摘要： This is a process for fabrication of nickel-oxide insulation on a superconductor. The process utilizes; reacting oxygen-free nickel powder with oxygen-free carbon monoxide generally at 50.degree.-75.degree. C. to produce a nickel carbonyl, separating the nickel carbonyl from reaction by-products and excess reagents by cooling the carbonyl and decanting the nickel carbonyl liquor, and contacting the carbonyl to a surface of a wire containing superconductor or superconductor precursors in an atmosphere containing a controlled amount of oxygen, with the wire at 50.degree.-800.degree. C. to produce nickel suboxide insulation on the wire. The purified nickel carbonyl and oxygen may be alternately (rather than simultaneously) introduced, to deposit a series of metallic nickel films on the wire, each of which metallic films are then oxidized to a nickel suboxide. The superconductor may be a niobium-tin superconductor, and the carbonyl contacted to wire containing unreacted niobium and tin at a wire temperature between 50.degree.-500.degree. C. to coat the wire with the nickel suboxide, and final forming of the wire done after the coating of wire and the niobium and the tin are reaction annealed after the final forming of the wire. Alternately, a wire containing unreacted niobium and tin may be formed into final form, the purified carbonyl contacted to the wire at a temperature of 500.degree.-750.degree. C. and the niobium and the tin are reaction annealed, thus the insulation and the reaction annealing can be done essentially at the same time. The superconductor may also be an oxide ceramic superconductor.

20. 发明授权

US4780239A Ion exchange resin for immobilizing radioactive waste 失效
标题翻译：用于固定放射性废物的离子交换树脂
公开(公告)号：US4780239A
公开(公告)日：1988-10-25
申请号：US866015
申请日：1986-05-22
申请人： Thomas S. Snyder , Herbert A. Burgman , Martin D. Nahemow
发明人： Thomas S. Snyder , Herbert A. Burgman , Martin D. Nahemow
IPC分类号： G21F9/12 , B01J39/02 , B01J39/08 , B01J41/02 , B01J41/08 , B01J41/10 , G21F9/00 , G21F9/16 , G21F9/30 , C01B31/16 , C04B33/32 , G21F9/08
CPC分类号： B01J39/085 , B01J39/02 , B01J41/02 , B01J41/10
摘要： Disclosed is a method of making an ion exchange material. A ceramic material is ion implanted with sulfur, carbon, phosphorus, or nitrogen, which is oxidized to sulfate, carboxylate or carbonate, phosphate, or nitrate, respectively, or the nitrogen is reduced to amine amide. Alternatively, a mixture of ceramic powder and a binder containing sulfur, carbon, phosphorus, or nitrogen is heated in a nonoxidizing atmosphere to a temperature up to 1000.degree. C. The sulfur is then oxidized to sulfate, the carbon to carboxylate or carbonate, phosphorus to phosphate, and nitrogen to nitrate, or the nitrogen is reduced to amine or amide. Also disclosed is an ion exchange material made by these methods and a method of treating acidic aqueous solutions containing dissolved radioactive materials by passing them through an ion exchange column containing the ion exchange material.
摘要翻译：公开了一种制备离子交换材料的方法。用硫，碳，磷或氮离子注入陶瓷材料，分别氧化成硫酸盐，羧酸盐或碳酸盐，磷酸盐或硝酸盐，或将氮还原成胺酰胺。或者，将陶瓷粉末和含有硫，碳，磷或氮的粘合剂的混合物在非氧化气氛中加热至高达1000℃的温度。然后将硫氧化成硫酸盐，将碳氧化成硫酸盐，将碳氧化成碳酸盐或碳酸盐，磷至磷酸盐，氮至硝酸盐，或将氮还原为胺或酰胺。还公开了通过这些方法制备的离子交换材料和通过使含有溶解的放射性物质的酸性水溶液通过含有离子交换材料的离子交换柱的方法。

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