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11. 发明申请

US20080015266A1 Method for activating an iron-based fischer-tropsch catalyst 有权
标题翻译：铁基费 - 托催化剂的活化方法
公开(公告)号：US20080015266A1
公开(公告)日：2008-01-17
申请号：US11456962
申请日：2006-07-12
申请人： Dennis L. Yakobson , Elijah C. Philipp , Mark S. Bohn
发明人： Dennis L. Yakobson , Elijah C. Philipp , Mark S. Bohn
IPC分类号： C07C27/06
CPC分类号： B01J37/18 , B01J23/78 , B01J27/22 , C10G2/332
摘要： A method for transforming at least a part of the catalyst precursor hematite into χ-carbide (Fe5C2) and ε′-carbide (FeC2.2) without a large amount of fines generation. This method slows the transformation of the hematite to iron carbides by reducing the partial pressure of the synthesis gas by inert gas dilution. The activation time is about three to about five hours.
摘要翻译：一种用于将至少一部分催化剂前体赤铁矿转化为碳化物（Fe 2 O 3）2和ε-碳化物（FeC 2 H 2 O 2）的方法， SUB>），没有大量的细粉生成。该方法通过惰性气体稀释降低合成气的分压来减缓赤铁矿转化为碳化铁。激活时间约为3至5个小时。

12. 发明授权

US06739136B2 Combustion system for hybrid solar fossil fuel receiver 失效
标题翻译：混合太阳能化石燃料接收器燃烧系统
公开(公告)号：US06739136B2
公开(公告)日：2004-05-25
申请号：US10301982
申请日：2002-11-22
申请人： Mark S. Mehos , Kenneth M. Anselmo , James B. Moreno , Charles E. Andraka , K. Scott Rawlinson , John Corey , Mark S. Bohn
发明人： Mark S. Mehos , Kenneth M. Anselmo , James B. Moreno , Charles E. Andraka , K. Scott Rawlinson , John Corey , Mark S. Bohn
IPC分类号： F03G600
CPC分类号： F02G1/043 , F02G2243/04 , F02G2254/30 , F03G6/068 , F24S20/20 , Y02E10/41 , Y02E10/46
摘要： A combustion system for a hybrid solar receiver comprises a pre-mixer which combines air and fuel to form an air-fuel mixture. The mixture is introduced tangentially into a cooling jacket. A burner plenum is fluidically connected to the cooling jacket such that the burner plenum and the cooling jacket are arranged in thermal contact with one another. The air-fuel mixture flows through the cooling jacket cooling the burner plenum to reduce pre-ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the burner plenum. A combustion chamber is operatively associated with and open to the burner plenum to receive the air-fuel mixture from the burner plenum. An igniter is operatively positioned in the combustion chamber to combust the air-fuel mixture, releasing heat. A recuperator is operatively associated with the burner plenum and the combustion chamber and pre-heats the air-fuel mixture in the burner plenum with heat from the combustion chamber. A heat-exchanger is operatively associated and in thermal contact with the combustion chamber. The heat-exchanger provides heat for the hybrid solar receiver.
摘要翻译：用于混合太阳能接收器的燃烧系统包括组合空气和燃料以形成空气 - 燃料混合物的预混合器。将混合物切向引入冷却夹套。燃烧器增压室流体地连接到冷却套，使得燃烧器增压室和冷却套彼此热接触地布置。空气 - 燃料混合物流过冷却套，冷却燃烧室，以减少燃烧器增压室中空气 - 燃料混合物的预燃。燃烧室与燃烧器压力室可操作地相连并且通向燃烧室，以从燃烧器增压室接收空气 - 燃料混合物。点燃器可操作地定位在燃烧室中以燃烧空气 - 燃料混合物，释放热量。换热器与燃烧器增压室和燃烧室可操作地相关联，并且利用来自燃烧室的热量预热燃烧器增压室中的空气燃料混合物。热交换器可操作地关联并与燃烧室热接触。热交换器为混合太阳能接收器提供热量。

13. 发明授权

US06306917B1 Processes for the production of hydrocarbons, power and carbon dioxide from carbon-containing materials 失效
标题翻译：从含碳材料生产碳氢化合物，动力和二氧化碳的工艺
公开(公告)号：US06306917B1
公开(公告)日：2001-10-23
申请号：US09376709
申请日：1999-08-17
申请人： Mark S. Bohn , Charles S. Benham
发明人： Mark S. Bohn , Charles S. Benham
IPC分类号： C07C2700
CPC分类号： C10J3/00 , C07C1/0485 , C10G2/30 , C10G2/332 , C10G49/007 , C10J2300/1612 , C10J2300/1653 , C10J2300/1659 , C10J2300/1884 , C10K1/003 , C10K1/005 , F25J3/04539 , F25J3/04545 , F25J3/04587 , Y02E20/16 , Y02E20/18 , Y02E20/185 , Y02P20/124
摘要： Apparatus and processes for producing power, liquid hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide from heavy feedstocks, using a partial oxidation reactor to produce a synthesis gas, a Fischer-Tropsch reactor to convert the synthesis gas to hydrocarbon products and tail gases containing hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and a combined cycle plant to produce power from steam generated by recovering heat from the reactors and from combustible tail gases. By varying operating conditions and utilizing hydrogen for recycle to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor and/or hydrocracking wax products to produce lighter hydrocarbons, the process can selectively maximize the production of power, hydrocarbons or carbon dioxide. In preferred embodiments, the Fischer-Tropsch reactor can be a slurry reactor and can employ an iron-based catalyst.
摘要翻译：使用部分氧化反应器生产合成气的重质原料生产动力，液态烃和二氧化碳的设备和方法，将费歇尔反应器转化成烃产物和含氢气和二氧化碳的尾气;以及通过从反应器和可燃尾气回收热量产生的蒸汽产生动力的联合循环设备。通过改变操作条件并利用氢气再循环到费 - 托反应器和/或加氢裂化蜡产物以产生更轻质的碳氢化合物，该方法可选择性地使功率，碳氢化合物或二氧化碳的产生最大化。在优选的实施方案中，费 - 托反应器可以是浆料反应器，并且可以使用铁基催化剂。

14. 发明授权

US06534552B2 Producing liquid hydrocarbons from natural gas 有权
标题翻译：从天然气生产液态碳氢化合物
公开(公告)号：US06534552B2
公开(公告)日：2003-03-18
申请号：US09870466
申请日：2001-06-01
申请人： Charles B. Benham , Mark S. Bohn , Dennis L. Yakobson
发明人： Charles B. Benham , Mark S. Bohn , Dennis L. Yakobson
IPC分类号： C07C2700
CPC分类号： C10G2/32 , C10G2/332
摘要： Increased hydrocarbon yields from natural gas and reduced oxygen consumption improvements are obtained by recycling hydrogen to a Fischer-Tropsch reactor, which can have a catalyst exhibiting either a low water gas shift activity such as cobalt, or a high water gas shift activity such as iron. At least a portion of the remaining tail gas, either before or after the hydrogen has been removed, is recycled to the inlet of the synthesis gas production reactor.
摘要翻译：通过将氢气再循环到费 - 托反应器获得天然气和减少的氧消耗改善的增加，其可以具有表现出低水煤气变换活性的催化剂，例如钴，或高水煤气变换活性如铁。在氢被除去之前或之后的剩余尾气中的至少一部分再循环到合成气生产反应器的入口。

15. 发明授权

US5504118A Process for the production of hydrocarbons 失效
公开(公告)号：US5504118A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-02
申请号：US212735
申请日：1994-03-14
申请人： Charles B. Benham , Mark S. Bohn , Dennis L. Yakobson
发明人： Charles B. Benham , Mark S. Bohn , Dennis L. Yakobson
IPC分类号： C10G2/00 , C10L1/02 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/182 , C10L10/00 , C10L10/02 , F02B3/06 , C07C27/00 , C07C27/20
CPC分类号： B01J23/78 , B01J35/023 , B01J37/031 , B01J37/04 , B01J37/18 , C01B3/38 , C01B3/52 , C10G2/332 , C10L1/026 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/1824 , C10L10/02 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0238 , C01B2203/025 , C01B2203/0405 , C01B2203/0415 , C01B2203/043 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/062 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/1217 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/127 , C01B2203/148 , F02B3/06 , Y02P20/128 , Y02P20/52
摘要： Several Fischer-Tropsch reaction schemes using a promoted iron catalyst in a slurry reactor produce oxygenated naphtha and diesel fractions on distillation that reduce particulate emissions in diesel engines. High carbon conversion efficiencies and optimum chain growth are characteristics of the processes.

16. 发明授权

US06487859B2 Dish/stirling hybrid-receiver 失效
标题翻译：碟/混合混合接收机
公开(公告)号：US06487859B2
公开(公告)日：2002-12-03
申请号：US09920191
申请日：2001-07-31
申请人： Mark S. Mehos , Kenneth M. Anselmo , James B. Moreno , Charles E. Andraka , K. Scott Rawlinson , John Corey , Mark S. Bohn
发明人： Mark S. Mehos , Kenneth M. Anselmo , James B. Moreno , Charles E. Andraka , K. Scott Rawlinson , John Corey , Mark S. Bohn
IPC分类号： B60K1600
CPC分类号： F02G1/043 , F02G2243/04 , F02G2254/30 , F03G6/068 , F24S20/20 , Y02E10/41 , Y02E10/46
摘要： A hybrid high-temperature solar receiver is provided which comprises a solar heat-pipe-receiver including a front dome having a solar absorber surface for receiving concentrated solar energy, a heat pipe wick, a rear dome, a sidewall joining the front and the rear dome, and a vapor and a return liquid tube connecting to an engine, and a fossil fuel fired combustion system in radial integration with the sidewall for simultaneous operation with the solar heat pipe receiver, the combustion system comprising an air and fuel pre-mixer, an outer cooling jacket for tangentially introducing and cooling the mixture, a recuperator for preheating the mixture, a burner plenum having an inner and an outer wall, a porous cylindrical metal matrix burner firing radially inward facing a sodium vapor sink, the mixture ignited downstream of the matrix forming combustion products, an exhaust plenum, a fossil-fuel heat-input surface having an outer surface covered with a pin-fin array, the combustion products flowing through the array to give up additional heat to the receiver, and an inner surface covered with an extension of the heat-pipe wick, a pin-fin shroud sealed to the burner and exhaust plenums, an end seal, a flue-gas diversion tube and a flue-gas valve for use at off-design conditions to limit the temperature of the pre-heated air and fuel mixture, preventing pre-ignition.
摘要翻译：提供了一种混合式高温太阳能接收器，其包括太阳能热管接收器，该太阳能热管接收器包括具有用于接收集中的太阳能的太阳能吸收器表面的前圆顶，热管芯，后圆顶，连接前后的侧壁连接到发动机的蒸汽和返回液体管，以及与侧壁径向一体化的化石燃料燃烧燃烧系统，用于与太阳能热管接收器同时操作，该燃烧系统包括空气和燃料预混合器，用于切向引入和冷却混合物的外部冷却套管，用于预热混合物的再热器，具有内壁和外壁的燃烧器增压室，向内朝向钠蒸气槽径向向内点燃的多孔圆柱形金属基体燃烧器，基体形成燃烧产物，排气增压室，具有被覆盖有针鳍阵列的外表面的化石燃料热输入表面，燃烧产物 cts流过阵列以放弃对接收器的额外热量，以及覆盖有热管芯的延伸部的内表面，密封到燃烧器和排气室的销翅片护罩，端部密封件，烟道气体导流管和烟道气阀，用于非设计条件下，以限制预热的空气和燃料混合物的温度，防止预燃。

17. 发明授权

US6068760A Catalyst/wax separation device for slurry Fischer-Tropsch reactor 有权
标题翻译：用于浆料费 - 托反应器的催化剂/蜡分离装置
公开(公告)号：US6068760A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-30
申请号：US130457
申请日：1998-08-07
申请人： Charles B. Benham , Dennis L. Yakobson , Mark S. Bohn
发明人： Charles B. Benham , Dennis L. Yakobson , Mark S. Bohn
IPC分类号： C10G2/00 , C07C27/00
CPC分类号： C10G2/342 , Y10S208/95 , Y10S585/921
摘要： Catalyst particles are separated from the wax in a Fischer-Tropsch reactor by feeding a portion of the reactor slurry to a dynamic settler which does not require any pump. As the slurry flows down a pipe in the center of the settler, the slurry flows into the surrounding annular region at the bottom of the settler. The heavier catalyst particles settle down and are removed as the slurry at the bottom of the settler is recycled back to the reactor. The wax rises up in the annular section and this clarified wax is removed by a wax outlet pipe. In an embodiment with an expanded diameter section above the Fischer-Tropsch reactor an additional dynamic settler can be placed inside this section. The Fischer-Tropsch catalyst can be regenerated by purging the catalyst with an inert gas for a period of time and by treating the catalyst with naphtha.
摘要翻译：通过将一部分反应器浆料送入不需要任何泵的动态沉降器，将催化剂颗粒与费 - 托反应器中的蜡分离。当浆料沿沉降器中心的管道流下时，浆料流入沉降器底部的周围环形区域。较沉重的催化剂颗粒沉降并且随着沉降器底部的浆料再循环回反应器而被除去。蜡在环形部分上升起，这个澄清的蜡被蜡出口管除去。在具有在费 - 托反应器上方的扩展直径部分的实施方案中，可以在该部分内放置另外的动态沉降器。可以通过用惰性气体吹扫催化剂一段时间并通过用石脑油处理催化剂来再生费 - 托催化剂。

18. 发明授权

US5506272A Process for the production of hydrocarbons 失效
标题翻译：烃类生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US5506272A
公开(公告)日：1996-04-09
申请号：US470495
申请日：1995-06-06
申请人： Charles B. Benham , Mark S. Bohn , Dennis L. Yakobson
发明人： Charles B. Benham , Mark S. Bohn , Dennis L. Yakobson
IPC分类号： C10G2/00 , C10L1/02 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/182 , C10L10/00 , C10L10/02 , F02B3/06 , C07C27/00
CPC分类号： B01J23/78 , B01J35/023 , B01J37/031 , B01J37/04 , B01J37/18 , C01B3/38 , C01B3/52 , C10G2/332 , C10L1/026 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/1824 , C10L10/02 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0238 , C01B2203/025 , C01B2203/0405 , C01B2203/0415 , C01B2203/043 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/062 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/1217 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/127 , C01B2203/148 , F02B3/06 , Y02P20/128 , Y02P20/52
摘要： Several Fischer-Tropsch reaction schemes using a promoted iron catalyst in a slurry reactor produce oxygenated naphtha and diesel fractions on distillation that reduce particulate emissions in diesel engines. High carbon conversion efficiencies and optimum chain growth are characteristics of the processes.
摘要翻译：在淤浆反应器中使用促进铁催化剂的几种费 - 托反应方案在蒸馏中产生氧化石脑油和柴油馏分，其减少柴油发动机中的颗粒物排放。高碳转化效率和最佳链增长是工艺的特征。

19. 发明授权

US5500449A Process for the production of hydrocarbons 失效
标题翻译：烃类生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US5500449A
公开(公告)日：1996-03-19
申请号：US470497
申请日：1995-06-06
申请人： Charles B. Benham , Mark S. Bohn , Dennis L. Yakobson
发明人： Charles B. Benham , Mark S. Bohn , Dennis L. Yakobson
IPC分类号： C10G2/00 , C10L1/02 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/182 , C10L10/00 , C10L10/02 , F02B3/06 , C07C27/00 , C07C27/26
CPC分类号： B01J23/78 , B01J35/023 , B01J37/031 , B01J37/04 , B01J37/18 , C01B3/38 , C01B3/52 , C10G2/332 , C10L1/026 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/1824 , C10L10/02 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0238 , C01B2203/025 , C01B2203/0405 , C01B2203/0415 , C01B2203/043 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/062 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/1217 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/127 , C01B2203/148 , F02B3/06 , Y02P20/128 , Y02P20/52
摘要： Several Fischer-Tropsch reaction schemes using a promoted iron catalyst in a slurry reactor produce oxygenated naphtha and diesel fractions on distillation that reduce particulate emissions in diesel engines. High carbon conversions efficiencies and optimum chain growth are characteristics of the processes.
摘要翻译：在淤浆反应器中使用促进铁催化剂的几种费 - 托反应方案在蒸馏中产生氧化石脑油和柴油馏分，其减少柴油发动机中的颗粒物排放。高碳转化效率和最佳链增长是过程的特征。

20. 发明授权

US5324335A Process for the production of hydrocarbons 失效
标题翻译：烃类生产工艺
公开(公告)号：US5324335A
公开(公告)日：1994-06-28
申请号：US867456
申请日：1992-04-13
申请人： Charles B. Benham , Mark S. Bohn , Dennis L. Yakobson
发明人： Charles B. Benham , Mark S. Bohn , Dennis L. Yakobson
IPC分类号： C10G2/00 , C10L1/02 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/182 , C10L10/00 , C10L10/02 , F02B3/06
CPC分类号： B01J23/78 , B01J35/023 , B01J37/031 , B01J37/04 , B01J37/14 , B01J37/18 , C01B3/38 , C01B3/52 , C10G2/332 , C10L1/026 , C10L1/18 , C10L1/1824 , C10L10/02 , C01B2203/0233 , C01B2203/0238 , C01B2203/025 , C01B2203/0405 , C01B2203/0415 , C01B2203/043 , C01B2203/0475 , C01B2203/062 , C01B2203/0822 , C01B2203/0827 , C01B2203/1217 , C01B2203/1241 , C01B2203/127 , C01B2203/148 , F02B3/06 , Y02P20/128 , Y02P20/52
摘要： An oxygen-containing diesel fuel additive for reducing particulate airborne emissions which additive is produced in a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reaction using a promoted iron-based catalyst. The additive contains alcohols having at least five carbon atoms, and is employed in diesel fuel in an amount sufficient to provide an oxygen content in the diesel fuel of up to about 2% by weight while maintaining diesel fuel specification limits for viscosity.
摘要翻译：一种含氧柴油燃料添加剂，其用于使用促进的铁基催化剂在费 - 托合成反应中产生添加剂的颗粒空气中的排放物。该添加剂含有至少五个碳原子的醇，并且其用量在柴油中的量足以使柴油中的氧含量高达约2重量％，同时保持柴油燃料的粘度规范限度。

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