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    • 12. 发明申请
    • Genetic Affinity of Microorganisms and Viruses
    • 微生物和病毒的遗传亲和力
    • US20150324518A1
    • 2015-11-12
    • US13532001
    • 2012-06-25
    • George E. FoxRichard C. Willson, IIIZhengdong Zhang
    • George E. FoxRichard C. Willson, IIIZhengdong Zhang
    • G06F19/14H01J49/16
    • G16B10/00G16B20/00G16B25/00H01J49/164
    • Selecting which sub-sequences in a database of nucleic acid such as 16S rRNA are highly characteristic of particular groupings of bacteria, microorganisms, fungi, etc. on a substantially phylogenetic tree. Also applicable to viruses comprising viral genomic RNA or DNA. A catalogue of highly characteristic sequences identified by this method is assembled to establish the genetic identity of an unknown organism. The characteristic sequences are used to design nucleic acid hybridization probes that include the characteristic sequence or its complement, or are derived from one or more characteristic sequences. A plurality of these characteristic sequences is used in hybridization to determine the phylogenetic tree position of the organism(s) in a sample. Those target organisms represented in the original sequence database and sufficient characteristic sequences can identify to the species or subspecies level. Oligonucleotide arrays of many probes are especially preferred. A hybridization signal can comprise fluorescence, chemiluminescence, or isotopic labeling, etc.; or sequences in a sample can be detected by direct means, e.g. mass spectrometry. The method's characteristic sequences can also be used to design specific PCR primers. The method uniquely identifies the phylogenetic affinity of an unknown organism without requiring prior knowledge of what is present in the sample. Even if the organism has not been previously encountered, the method still provides useful information about which phylogenetic tree bifurcation nodes encompass the organism.
    • 选择核酸数据库(如16S rRNA)中的哪些子序列在基本系统发育树上是细菌,微生物,真菌等的特定分组的高度特征。 也适用于包含病毒基因组RNA或DNA的病毒。 组合通过该方法鉴定的高度特征性序列的目录,以确定未知生物体的遗传特性。 特征序列用于设计核酸杂交探针,其包括特征序列或其补体,或衍生自一个或多个特征序列。 在杂交中使用多个这些特征序列来确定样品中生物的系统发生树位置。 在原始序列数据库中表示的目标生物体和足够的特征序列可以鉴定物种或亚种水平。 许多探针的寡核苷酸阵列是特别优选的。 杂交信号可以包括荧光,化学发光或同位素标记等; 或样品中的序列可以通过直接方式检测,例如, 质谱。 该方法的特征序列也可用于设计特异性PCR引物。 该方法唯一地识别未知生物的系统发生亲和力,而不需要事先了解样品中存在的内容。 即使生物体以前没有遇到,该方法仍然提供关于哪个系统发生树分叉节点包含有机体的有用信息。
    • 17. 发明授权
    • Apparatus for testing catalysts using spectroscopy
    • 使用光谱测试催化剂的装置
    • US06630111B1
    • 2003-10-07
    • US09613879
    • 2000-07-10
    • Richard C. Willson, III
    • Richard C. Willson, III
    • G01N3110
    • G01N31/10B01J19/0046B01J2219/00286B01J2219/00315B01J2219/00364B01J2219/00527B01J2219/00585B01J2219/00596B01J2219/00659B01J2219/00691B01J2219/00704B01J2219/00745B01J2219/00747C40B30/08C40B40/18Y10T436/214Y10T436/24
    • Apparatus for evaluating catalysts, including a multicell holder, e.g., a honeycomb or plate, or a collection of individual support particles, is treated with solutions/suspensions of catalyst ingredients to produce cells, spots or pellets holding each of a variety of combinations of the ingredients, is dried, calcined or treated as necessary to stabilize the ingredients in the cells, spots or pellets, then is contacted with a potentially reactive feed stream or batch, e.g., biochemical, gas oil, hydrogen plus oxygen, propylene plus oxygen, CCl2F2 and hydrogen, etc. The reaction occurring in each cell can be measured, e.g., by infrared thermography, spectroscopic detection of products or residual reactants, or by sampling, e.g., multistreaming through low volume tubing, from the vicinity of each combination, followed by analysis, e.g., spectral analysis, chromatography, etc., or by observing temperature change in the vicinity of the catalyst, e.g., by thermographic techniques, to determine the relative efficacy of the catalysts in each combination. Robotic techniques can be employed in producing the cells, spots, pellets, etc.
    • 用于评价催化剂的装置,包括多单元保持器,例如蜂窝或板,或各个支撑颗粒的集合,用催化剂成分的溶液/悬浮液处理,以产生保持各种各样的组合的细胞,斑点或颗粒 成分,干燥,煅烧或处理以稳定细胞,斑点或丸粒中的成分,然后与潜在的反应性进料流或批次接触,例如生化,瓦斯油,氢加氧,丙烯加氧,CCl 2 F 2 和氢气等。可以测量每个电池中发生的反应,例如通过红外热成像,产物或残余反应物的光谱检测,或通过从每个组合的附近采样,例如通过低体积管进行多流,然后是 分析,例如光谱分析,色谱等,或通过观察催化剂附近的温度变化,例如通过热成像技术来阻止 在每种组合中我们的催化剂的相对功效。 机器人技术可用于生产细胞,斑点,丸粒等。
    • 18. 发明授权
    • Catalyst testing process and apparatus
    • 催化剂测试过程和设备
    • US06333196B1
    • 2001-12-25
    • US09499956
    • 2000-02-08
    • Richard C. Willson, III
    • Richard C. Willson, III
    • G01N3110
    • G01N31/10B01J19/0046B01J2219/00286B01J2219/00315B01J2219/00364B01J2219/00527B01J2219/00585B01J2219/00596B01J2219/00659B01J2219/00691B01J2219/00704B01J2219/00745B01J2219/00747C40B30/08C40B40/18Y10T436/214Y10T436/24
    • Apparatus for testing catalyst candidates including a multicell holder e.g. a honeycomb or plate, or a collection of individual support particles that have been treated with solutions/suspensions of catalyst ingredients to produce cells, spots or pellets holding each of a variety of combinations of the ingredients and dried, calcined or treated as necessary to stabilize the ingredients in the cells, spots or pellets. The apparatus also includes structure for contacting the catalyst candidates with a potentially reactive feed stream or batch e.g., biochemical, gas oil, hydrogen plus oxygen, propylene plus oxygen, CCl2F2 and hydrogen, etc. The reaction occurring in each cell can be measured, e.g. by infrared thermography, spectroscopic detection of products or residual reactants, or by sampling, e.g. by multistreaming through low volume tubing, from the vicinity of each combination, followed by analysis e.g. spectral analysis, chromatography etc, or by observing temperature change in the vicinity of the catalyst e.g. by thermographic techniques, to determine the relative efficacy of the catalysts in each combination. Robotic techniques can be employed in producing the cells, spots, pellets, etc.
    • 用于测试催化剂候选物的装置,包括多单元载体 蜂窝或板,或已经用催化剂成分的溶液/悬浮液处理的单独的载体颗粒的集合,以产生保持成分的各种组合的各种组分的细胞,斑点或颗粒,并根据需要进行干燥,煅烧或处理以稳定 细胞中的成分,斑点或颗粒。 该装置还包括使催化剂候选物与潜在的反应性进料流或批料例如生化,瓦斯油,氢加氧,丙烯加氧,CCl 2 F 2和氢等接触的结构。 通过红外热像仪,产物或残余反应物的光谱检测,或通过采样,例如, 通过低体积管道从每个组合的附近进行多流,然后进行分析。 光谱分析,色谱分析等,或者通过观察催化剂附近的温度变化。 通过热成像技术确定催化剂在每种组合中的相对功效。 机器人技术可用于生产细胞,斑点,丸粒等。
    • 19. 发明授权
    • Crystal oscillator and method with amplitude and phase control
    • 晶体振荡器和幅度和相位控制方法
    • US5185585A
    • 1993-02-09
    • US756847
    • 1991-09-10
    • Gerald R. NewellMichael W. NootbaarPradeep BhardwajRobert C. Willson
    • Gerald R. NewellMichael W. NootbaarPradeep BhardwajRobert C. Willson
    • H03B5/38H03L5/00
    • H03L5/00H03B5/38
    • Crystal oscillator and method which in one embodiment have a crystal element connected in a positive feedback loop with a charge amplifier and an integrator, with the gain of the loop being maintained at a level of unity. Compensation is provided to offset the effects of shunt capacitance in the crystal element, and precise phase control is maintained around the loop. In other embodiments, a crystal element is connected in a series feedback loop with a buffer amplifier, and operation is provided by maintaining the oscillation signal at level at which distortion, clipping, and saturation do not occur. Compensation for shunt capacitance across the crystal element is provided by applying a compensation signal which is equal in amplitude but opposite in phase to the signal passing through the shunt capacitance to the input terminal of the buffer amplifier to cancel the effect of the shunt capacitance. Compensation is also provided to cancel interfering crosstalk signals between oscillators in systems with more than one oscillator.
    • 在一个实施例中,晶体振荡器和方法具有以正反馈环路与电荷放大器和积分器连接的晶体元件,其中环路的增益保持在一个一致的水平。 提供补偿以抵消晶体元件中分流电容的影响,并且在环路周围保持精确的相位控制。 在其他实施例中,晶体元件与缓冲放大器串联反馈环路连接,并且通过将振荡信号保持在不发生失真,限幅和饱和的电平来提供操作。 通过施加一个补偿信号来提供晶体元件两端的分流电容的补偿,该补偿信号的幅度相等,与通过分流电容的信号相反地与缓冲放大器的输入端相反,以消除并联电容的影响。 还提供补偿以消除具有多个振荡器的系统中的振荡器之间的干扰串扰信号。
    • 20. 发明授权
    • Wood burning stove
    • 木燃烧炉
    • US4136662A
    • 1979-01-30
    • US836502
    • 1977-09-26
    • Allan C. Willson
    • Allan C. Willson
    • F24B1/02F24B5/02F24B7/02F24B13/00F24C1/14
    • F24B13/004F24B1/02F24B5/023F24B7/02
    • A wood burning stove is formed with double front and rear side walls of heat conductive metal interconnected by heat conductive spacer fins and providing air passageways by which room air is heated by conduction from the walls which are heated by the burning of wood deposited on a firebox grate made up of spaced bricks supported by metal holders secured in heat conducting relation to said inner side walls. The rear side air passageway is divided into central and outer vertical sections the central one of which is closed at the bottom end and communicates with the atmosphere through an opening in the outer wall intermediate its vertical ends and with the stove interior above the firebox and below the grate through openings in the inner wall intermediate its vertical ends and adjacent its bottom end, respectively. A vertical baffle between these inner and outer walls separates said intermediate openings from each other, and a thermostatically controlled damper associated with the opening in the outer wall controls the amount of room air delivered either under the firebox grate or above it. The front side air passageway is divided into upper and lower sections separated by a viewing box closed at its outer end by a glass window and removably closed at its inner end by a pair of hinged doors.
    • 木燃烧炉形成有导热金属的双前壁和后侧壁,其通过导热间隔件翅片相互连接,并提供空气通道,室内空气通过壁传导而被加热,这些壁被沉积在火箱上的木材的燃烧加热 格栅由隔开的砖支撑,金属支架被固定成与所述内侧壁导热的热量。 后侧空气通道被分成中部和外部垂直部分,其中心部分在底部处封闭,并通过位于其垂直端部之间的外壁中的开口与火炉内部的炉内部以及下方连通 内壁上的格栅通过开口分别位于其垂直端部和其底端附近。 这些内壁和外壁之间的垂直挡板将所述中间开口彼此隔开,并且与外壁中的开口相关联的恒温控制的阻尼器控制在火箱格栅或其上方输送的室内空气的量。 前侧空气通道被分为上部和下部,它们由在其外端由玻璃窗封闭的观察箱分开,并且在其内端由一对铰链门可拆卸地封闭。