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    • 111. 发明授权
    • Variable thickness insulated conductors
    • 可变厚度绝缘导体
    • US08485256B2
    • 2013-07-16
    • US13083190
    • 2011-04-08
    • Ronald Marshall BassRobert Guy HarleyJohn Michael Karanikas
    • Ronald Marshall BassRobert Guy HarleyJohn Michael Karanikas
    • E21B36/04
    • E21B43/2401E21B36/04H05B3/10H05B3/44Y10T29/49083
    • A system used to heat a subsurface formation includes an elongated heater at least partially located in an opening in a hydrocarbon containing layer of the formation. The opening extends from the surface of the formation through an overburden section of the formation and into the hydrocarbon containing layer of the formation. The elongated heater includes an electrical conductor, an insulation layer at least partially surrounding the electrical conductor, and an electrically conductive sheath at least partially surrounding the insulation layer. The elongated heater tapers from a larger thickness at a first end of the heater to a smaller thickness at a second end of the heater. The first end is at or near the junction between the overburden section and the hydrocarbon containing layer and the second end is further into the hydrocarbon containing layer.
    • 用于加热地下地层的系统包括至少部分地位于地层的含烃层中的开口中的细长加热器。 开口从地层的表面延伸穿过地层的覆盖层部分并进入地层的含烃层。 细长加热器包括电导体,至少部分围绕电导体的绝缘层,以及至少部分地围绕绝缘层的导电护套。 细长的加热器在加热器的第一端处从较大的厚度逐渐变细到加热器的第二端处的较小的厚度。 第一端在上覆层部分和含烃层之间的接合点处或附近,并且第二端进一步进入含烃层。