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91. 发明授权

US5613433A Compacting method and apparatus, particularly adapted to compacting hazardous materials 失效
标题翻译：压实方法和装置，特别适用于压实危险材料
公开(公告)号：US5613433A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-25
申请号：US464868
申请日：1995-06-28
申请人： Daniel Tucoulat , Patrick Jacq , Philippe Kerrien , Daniel Kerlau
发明人： Daniel Tucoulat , Patrick Jacq , Philippe Kerrien , Daniel Kerlau
IPC分类号： G21F9/30 , B30B9/30 , B30B9/32 , G21F9/36
CPC分类号： B30B9/3042 , B30B9/30 , B30B9/327 , G21F9/36 , Y10S100/902
摘要： A compacting method and apparatus particularly adapted to compacting hazardous materials, and in particular radioactive waste, in which a container (1, 1', 1", 1"') is compacted inside a compacting skirt (20) by cooperation between a support surface (7) on which the compacting skirt (20) with the container (1') is placed and a compactor (9) disposed faing the support surface (7) and displaceable along a vertical axis inside the compacting skirt (20). According to the compacting method the compacting skirt (20) containing the container (1, 1', 1", 1"') is moved in translation, in particular between a loading station (I) for loading the container (1), a compacting station (II) where the container (1') is compacted, and an unmolding station (III) for unmolding the compacted container (1") and for evacuating the compacted container (1"') downwards.
摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / FR94 / 00040 Sec。 371日期：1995年6月28日 102（e）日期1995年6月28日PCT 1994年1月13日PCT PCT。公开号WO94 / 16449 日期1994年7月21日一种特别适用于压实危险材料，特别是放射性废物的压实方法和装置，其中容器（1,1'，1“，1”）在压实裙部（20 ）通过其上放置有压实裙部（20）的支撑表面（7）与设置在支撑表面（7）之间的压实机（9）之间的协作，并且可沿着压实中的竖直轴线移位裙子（20）。根据压实方法，容纳容器（1,1'，1“，1”）的压实裙部（20）平移地移动，特别是在用于装载容器（1）的装载站（I），其中容器（1'）被压实的压实站（II）和用于将压实的容器（1“）解模并用于将压实的容器（1”）向下抽空的非模制工位（III）。

92. 发明授权

US5613244A Process for preparing liquid wastes 失效
标题翻译：制备液体废物的方法
公开(公告)号：US5613244A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-18
申请号：US533978
申请日：1995-09-26
申请人： Laurance L. Oden , Paul C. Turner , William K. O'Connor , Jeffrey S. Hansen
发明人： Laurance L. Oden , Paul C. Turner , William K. O'Connor , Jeffrey S. Hansen
IPC分类号： G21F9/06 , G21F9/30 , G21F9/00
CPC分类号： G21F9/305 , G21F9/06
摘要： A process for preparing radioactive and other hazardous liquid wastes for treatment by the method of vitrification or melting is provided for.
摘要翻译：提供了一种通过玻璃化或熔化的方法制备用于处理的放射性和其他有害液体废物的方法。

93. 发明授权

US5613240A Method of preparing sodalite from chloride salt occluded zeolite 失效
标题翻译：氯化物盐封闭沸石制备方钠石的方法
公开(公告)号：US5613240A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-18
申请号：US375141
申请日：1995-01-19
申请人： Michele A. Lewis , Candido Pereira
发明人： Michele A. Lewis , Candido Pereira
IPC分类号： G21F9/30 , G21F9/00
CPC分类号： G21F9/305
摘要： A method for immobilizing waste chloride salts containing radionuclides and hazardous nuclear material for permanent disposal starting with a substantially dry zeolite and sufficient glass to form leach resistant sodalite with occluded radionuclides and hazardous nuclear material. The zeolite and glass are heated to a temperature up to about 1000.degree. K. to convert the zeolite to sodalite and thereafter maintained at a pressure and temperature sufficient to form a sodalite product near theoretical density. Pressure is used on the formed sodalite to produce the required density.
摘要翻译：一种将含有放射性核素和危险核材料的废氯化物盐固定在基本上干燥的沸石和足够的玻璃上的永久性处理方法，以形成具有阻塞的放射性核素和有害核材料的耐浸渍方钠石。将沸石和玻璃加热到高达约1000°K的温度，以将沸石转化成钠锰矿，然后保持在足以形成接近理论密度的方解石产物的压力和温度。在形成的钠盐上使用压力以产生所需的密度。

94. 发明授权

US5613238A Methods of decontaminating soils containing hazardous metals 失效
标题翻译：去除含有有害金属的土壤的方法
公开(公告)号：US5613238A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-18
申请号：US507126
申请日：1995-08-23
申请人： Robert W. Mouk , Alan F. Heyduk , Albert E. Abel
发明人： Robert W. Mouk , Alan F. Heyduk , Albert E. Abel
IPC分类号： A62D3/34 , A62D3/36 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/43 , B09C1/00 , B09C1/02 , B09C1/08 , C22B7/00 , C22B43/00 , C22B60/02 , G21F9/00 , G21F9/08 , G21F9/12 , G21F9/28 , G21F9/30
CPC分类号： C22B60/0247 , B09C1/02 , C22B17/04 , C22B43/00 , C22B7/008 , G21F9/002 , G21F9/30 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/126 , Y02P10/234
摘要： Soil including sand and clays contaminated with nuclear waste materials and/or ions of hazardous non-radioactive metals or metalloids are decontaminated by treating with anhydrous liquid ammonia alone or in combination with solvated electrons. Methods include removing ions of hazardous metals or metalloids by mixing with ammoniacal solutions to provide an ammoniacal liquid-containing product with coordination complexes. Methods also comprise concentrating contaminants, such as plutonium, uranium and thorium, for example, in the fines of soil and clay to yield residual soil products which are sufficiently free of contaminants to allow reclamation. Economics are improved over aqueous systems since ammonia can be recovered and recycled. By concentrating nuclear and nonnuclear wastes in soil fines space requirements ordinarily needed for storage of untreated soil and handling costs can be significantly reduced.
摘要翻译：包括被核废料和/或有害非放射性金属或准金属离子污染的沙子和粘土的土壤通过用无水液氨单独或与溶剂化电子组合进行处理来净化。方法包括通过与氨溶液混合来除去有害金属或准金属离子，以提供具有配位络合物的含氨基液体的产物。方法还包括例如在土壤和粘土的细粉中浓缩污染物，例如钚，铀和钍，以产生足够没有污染物以允许回收的残留土壤产品。由于氨可以回收和再循环，所以经济性比水系统得到改善。通过将核废料和非核废物集中在土壤细粉中，通常需要通常需要储存未经处理的土壤和处理成本的空间要求。

95. 发明授权

US5550857A Method and apparatus for waste vitrification 失效
标题翻译：废玻璃化的方法和设备
公开(公告)号：US5550857A
公开(公告)日：1996-08-27
申请号：US485625
申请日：1995-06-07
申请人： Ray S. Richards
发明人： Ray S. Richards
IPC分类号： C03B5/00 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/033 , C03B5/187 , G21F9/30 , C03B5/02
CPC分类号： G21F9/305 , C03B5/005 , C03B5/027 , C03B5/033 , C03B5/1875 , C03B5/26 , Y02P40/52 , Y02P40/57 , Y10S422/903
摘要： A waste vitrification apparatus (10) having rotatable mixer impeller (16) functioning as a shaft electrode (60) and metallic vessel (14) functioning as a vessel electrode (62). A stream (12) of waste material and vitrifiable material are mixed and melted in the vessel (14) for vitrification. The waste vitrification method converts a feed stream (12) by mixing the feed stream into a glass melt (13) and melting glass batch of the feed stream (12) to form a foamy mass. The stream is dispersed by the impeller (16) to form a foam which is then densified in a settling zone (22), recovered through a spout (24) and solidified in storage containers. An adjuster adjusts the location of the mixing impeller (16) in the vessel (14) to change the depth of the settling zone (22). The impeller (16) is mounted on a drive shaft (18) having a recirculating coolant flow.
摘要翻译：一种具有用作轴电极（60）的旋转混合器叶轮（16）和用作容器电极（62）的金属容器（14）的废玻璃化装置（10）。将废物和玻璃化物质的料流（12）混合并熔化在容器（14）中用于玻璃化。废玻璃化方法通过将进料流混合到玻璃熔体（13）中并将进料流（12）的熔融玻璃批料混合以形成泡沫体来转化进料流（12）。流由叶轮（16）分散以形成泡沫，然后在沉降区（22）中致密化，通过喷口（24）回收并固化在储存容器中。调节器调节容器（14）中的混合叶轮（16）的位置以改变沉降区（22）的深度。叶轮（16）安装在具有循环冷却剂流的驱动轴（18）上。

96. 发明授权

US5530174A Method of vitrifying high-level radioactive liquid waste 失效
标题翻译：玻璃化高放射性废液的方法
公开(公告)号：US5530174A
公开(公告)日：1996-06-25
申请号：US520786
申请日：1995-08-30
申请人： Kazuhiro Kawamura , Masayuki Yoneya , Kenichi Sasage
发明人： Kazuhiro Kawamura , Masayuki Yoneya , Kenichi Sasage
IPC分类号： G21F9/16 , G21F9/30 , G21F9/00
CPC分类号： G21F9/305
摘要： A method of vitrifying a high-level radioactive liquid waste comprising removing a precipitate composed mainly of Mo and Zr from the high-level liquid waste, mixing the resulting high-level liquid waste with a raw glass material having a chemical composition wherein the B.sub.2 O.sub.3 /SiO.sub.2, ZnO/Li.sub.2 O and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 /Li.sub.2 O ratios are at least 0.41, at least 1.00 and at least 2.58, respectively, and melt-solidifying the mixture to thereby form a vitrified waste. By using such a raw glass material, there can be obtained a vitrifled waste having the waste content of about 45% by oxide weight in which the same leaching rate as that of a conventional vitrified waste having the waste content of 25% by oxide weight is ensured without suffering from yellow phase separation.
摘要翻译：一种对高级放射性废液进行玻璃化的方法，包括从高级废液中除去主要由Mo和Zr组成的沉淀物，将所得高级废液与具有化学组成的原料玻璃材料混合，其中B 2 O 3 / SiO 2，ZnO / Li 2 O和Al 2 O 3 / Li 2 O比分别为至少0.41，至少1.00和至少2.58，并将混合物熔融固化，从而形成玻璃化废物。通过使用原料玻璃材料，可以得到废氧含量为约45％的玻璃化废物，其氧化物重量与通过氧化物重量为25％的废物含量相同的常规玻璃化废物的浸出率相同确保没有黄相分离。

97. 发明授权

US5516968A Methods of decontaminating mercury-containing soils 失效
标题翻译：去除含汞土壤的方法
公开(公告)号：US5516968A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-14
申请号：US472505
申请日：1995-06-07
申请人： Albert E. Abel
发明人： Albert E. Abel
IPC分类号： A62D3/34 , A62D3/36 , A62D101/22 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/26 , A62D101/28 , A62D101/43 , B09C1/00 , B09C1/02 , B09C1/08 , C22B7/00 , C22B43/00 , C22B60/02 , G21F9/00 , G21F9/08 , G21F9/12 , G21F9/28 , G21F9/30
CPC分类号： C22B60/0247 , B09C1/02 , C22B17/04 , C22B43/00 , C22B7/008 , G21F9/002 , G21F9/30 , Y02P10/122 , Y02P10/126 , Y02P10/234
摘要： Soil including sand and clays contaminated with elemental mercury are decontaminated by forming slurries with anhydrous liquid ammonia. An ammoniacal liquid, such as anhydrous liquid ammonia facilitates decontamination by breaking up soil into fine slurries for releasing droplets of mercury metal. The high density of the mercury metal permits precipitation with larger soil particles and for recovery from soil particulates. Contaminated soils having mixed wastes comprising metallic mercury with organic compounds like PCBs are decontaminated first by slurring with anhydrous liquid ammonia to release droplets of mercury for coalescing and recovery. Solvated electrons are formed in the slurry in-situ by treating the slurry with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal to reduce or degrade toxic organic compounds to more environmentally benign substances. Mixed waste comprising elemental mercury and nuclear waste, such as radionuclides like plutonium and uranium in the fines of soil and clay can also be concentrated to yield residual soil products which are sufficiently free of contaminants to allow reclamation. Economics are improved over aqueous systems since ammonia can be recovered and recycled. By concentrating nuclear wastes in soil fines space requirements ordinarily needed for storage of untreated soil and handling costs can be significantly reduced.
摘要翻译：包括用元素汞污染的沙子和粘土的土壤通过用无水液氨形成浆料来净化。氨水液体如无水液氨通过将土壤分解成细小的浆液来释放汞金属液滴，有助于净化。汞金属的高密度允许用较大的土壤颗粒沉淀并从土壤颗粒中回收。含有金属汞和有机化合物如PCBs的混合废物的污染土壤首先通过用无水液态氨进行去污去除，以释放出汞的液滴以进行聚结和回收。通过用碱金属或碱土金属处理浆料以原位形成溶液中的电子，以将有毒有机化合物降解或降解为更环境友好的物质。包括元素汞和核废料在内的混合废物，如土壤和粘土细粉中的钚和铀等放射性核素也可以被浓缩，产生残留的土壤产物，这些残留的土壤产品不含污染物以允许回收。由于氨可以回收和再循环，因此经济性比水系统得到改善。通过将核废料集中在土壤细粉中，通常需要通常用于储存未处理土壤和处理成本的空间要求可以大大降低。

98. 发明授权

US5489370A Removal of ions from a bulk source by electropotential ion transport using a host receptor matrix 失效
标题翻译：通过使用主体受体基质的电位离子迁移从体源中去除离子
公开(公告)号：US5489370A
公开(公告)日：1996-02-06
申请号：US173928
申请日：1993-12-28
申请人： Henry L. Lomasney , Richard A. Graves
发明人： Henry L. Lomasney , Richard A. Graves
IPC分类号： A62D3/00 , A62D3/11 , A62D101/24 , A62D101/43 , B01J47/08 , B08B17/04 , B09B3/00 , B09C1/02 , B09C1/08 , C02F1/469 , C04B41/53 , C04B41/72 , C09D5/20 , G21F9/06 , G21F9/22 , G21F9/30 , C02F1/46 , G21F9/04 , G21F9/16
CPC分类号： C04B41/72 , B01J47/08 , B08B17/04 , B09B3/00 , B09C1/02 , B09C1/085 , C02F1/4691 , C04B41/009 , C04B41/5376 , C09D5/20 , G21F9/06 , G21F9/22 , G21F9/30 , C02F2101/006 , C02F2103/06
摘要： Remediation of soil and groundwater using electropotential gradient induced migration of a target ion and immobilization and/or confinement of the target ion by a host receptor matrix (HRM). In addition to immobilizing and/or confining the target ion, the HRM can comprise a buffer or an ionizable species which releases an exchange ion during application of the electropotential gradient. The exchange ion, when less mobile than a (H.sup.+) ion or hydroxyl (OH.sup.-) ion, increases the efficiency of energy usage during decontamination. The exchange ion can also perform other tasks in the vicinity of the electrodes which improve the decontamination process. The host receptor matrix also can comprise a material which is water impermeable and which has a low surface energy, such as a layer of polytetrafluoroethylene film. When such a material is used, the host receptor matrix can comprise a receptacle in which there is a liquid and/or solid composition which immobilizes and/or contains the target ion.
摘要翻译：使用电位梯度诱导目标离子的迁移并通过宿主受体基质（HRM）固定和/或限制目标离子来修复土壤和地下水。除了固定和/或限制目标离子之外，HRM可以包含在施加电位梯度期间释放交换离子的缓冲液或可电离物质。当离子（H +）离子或羟基（OH））离子移动较少时，交换离子可提高净化过程中能量使用的效率。交换离子还可以在电极附近执行改善去污过程的其它任务。宿主受体基质还可以包含不透水且具有低表面能的材料，例如聚四氟乙烯膜层。当使用这种材料时，宿主受体基质可以包含容器，其中存在固定和/或含有靶离子的液体和/或固体组合物。

99. 发明授权

US5464988A Tritium waste package 失效
标题翻译：氚废物包装
公开(公告)号：US5464988A
公开(公告)日：1995-11-07
申请号：US347134
申请日：1994-11-23
申请人： Rich Rossmassler , Lloyd Ciebiera , Francis J. Tulipano , Sylvester Vinson , R. Thomas Walters
发明人： Rich Rossmassler , Lloyd Ciebiera , Francis J. Tulipano , Sylvester Vinson , R. Thomas Walters
IPC分类号： G21F5/002 , G21F5/08 , G21F9/02 , G21F9/30 , G21F5/00
CPC分类号： G21F9/02 , G21F5/002 , G21F5/08 , G21Y2002/306 , G21Y2004/30
摘要： A containment and waste package system for processing and shipping tritiumxide waste received from a process gas includes an outer drum and an inner drum containing a disposable molecular sieve bed (DMSB) seated within outer drum. The DMSB includes an inlet diffuser assembly, an outlet diffuser assembly, and a hydrogen catalytic recombiner. The DMSB absorbs tritium oxide from the process gas and converts it to a solid form so that the tritium is contained during shipment to a disposal site. The DMSB is filled with type 4A molecular sieve pellets capable of adsorbing up to 1000 curies of tritium. The recombiner contains a sufficient amount of catalyst to cause any hydrogen add oxygen present in the process gas to recombine to form water vapor, which is then adsorbed onto the DMSB.
摘要翻译：用于加工和运输从工艺气体接收的氧化氚废物的容纳和废物包装系统包括外鼓和内筒，该内鼓含有位于外鼓内的一次性分子筛床（DMSB）。 DMSB包括入口扩散器组件，出口扩散器组件和氢催化重组器。 DMSB从处理气体中吸收氧化氚并将其转化为固体形式，使得在运送到处置场所期间氚被包含。 DMSB装有可吸附多达1000个枸杞子的4A型分子筛颗粒。重组器含有足够量的催化剂，以使工艺气体中存在的氢气中的任何氢气复合以形成水蒸气，然后将其吸附到DMSB上。

100. 发明授权

US5461185A Radioactive waste material disposal 失效
标题翻译：放射性废物处理
公开(公告)号：US5461185A
公开(公告)日：1995-10-24
申请号：US230156
申请日：1994-04-19
申请人： Charles W. Forsberg , Edward C. Beahm , George W. Parker
发明人： Charles W. Forsberg , Edward C. Beahm , George W. Parker
IPC分类号： G21F9/30 , G21F9/34 , G21F9/00
CPC分类号： C03C1/002 , G21F9/305 , G21F9/34
摘要： The invention is a process for direct conversion of solid radioactive waste, particularly spent nuclear fuel and its cladding, if any, into a solidified waste glass. A sacrificial metal oxide, dissolved in a glass bath, is used to oxidize elemental metal and any carbon values present in the waste as they are fed to the bath. Two different modes of operation are possible, depending on the sacrificial metal oxide employed. In the first mode, a regenerable sacrificial oxide, e.g., PbO, is employed, while the second mode features use of disposable oxides such as ferric oxide.
摘要翻译：本发明是将固体放射性废物，特别是废核燃料及其包层（如果有的话）直接转化成固化的废玻璃的方法。溶解在玻璃浴中的牺牲金属氧化物用于氧化元素金属和废物中存在的任何碳值，因为它们被送入浴中。取决于所使用的牺牲金属氧化物，两种不同的操作模式是可能的。在第一模式中，使用可再生的牺牲氧化物，例如PbO，而第二模式特征在于使用诸如氧化铁的一次性氧化物。

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