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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Device for limiting alternating electric currents, in particular in the event of a short circuit
    • 用于限制交流电流的装置,特别是在短路的情况下
    • US06188555B1
    • 2001-02-13
    • US09426417
    • 1999-10-25
    • Heinz MitlehnerDietrich StephaniWolfgang Bartsch
    • Heinz MitlehnerDietrich StephaniWolfgang Bartsch
    • H02H318
    • H01L29/1608H01L29/8083H02H9/02
    • A device for limiting an alternating electric current includes a least one passive semiconductor configuration and a protection circuit. The semiconductor configuration is configured such that when a forward voltage is applied thereto, a forward current flows through the semiconductor configuration. The forward current increases monotonously with the forward voltage up to a saturation current at an associated saturation voltage. At a forward voltage above the saturation voltage, the forward current is limited to a limiting current that is smaller than the saturation current. The semiconductor configuration is further configured such that when a reverse voltage is applied, a reverse current flows through the passive semiconductor configuration. The reverse current increases at a first rate monotonously with the reverse voltage up to a given reverse breakdown voltage and, when exceeding the reverse breakdown voltage, the reverse current rises at a second rate greater than the first rate due to a charge carrier breakdown. The protection circuit includes diodes for preventing the passive semiconductor configuration from being driven to the reverse breakdown voltage by a half wave of an alternating current in the reverse direction.
    • 用于限制交流电流的装置包括至少一个无源半导体配置和保护电路。 半导体配置被配置为使得当向其施加正向电压时,正向电流流过半导体配置。 正向电流随着正向电压单调增加,在相关的饱和电压下达到饱和电流。 在高于饱和电压的正向电压下,正向电流被限制在小于饱和电流的极限电流。 进一步配置半导体配置,使得当施加反向电压时,反向电流流过无源半导体配置。 反向电流以第一速率以反向电压单调增加直到给定的反向击穿电压,并且当超过反向击穿电压时,由于载流子击穿,反向电流以大于第一速率的第二速率上升。 保护电路包括二极管,用于防止被动半导体结构在相反方向上通过交流电的半波驱动到反向击穿电压。
    • 7. 发明授权
    • Nitroxy amino propanols for treating heart and circulatory diseases
    • 用于治疗心脏和循环系统疾病的硝基氨基丙醇
    • US4801596A
    • 1989-01-31
    • US803497
    • 1985-12-02
    • Herbert SimonHelmut MichelWalter-Gunar FriebeWolfgang Bartsch
    • Herbert SimonHelmut MichelWalter-Gunar FriebeWolfgang Bartsch
    • A61K31/135A61K31/165A61K31/21A61K31/275A61K31/443A61K31/445A61P9/08A61P9/10A61P9/12A61P25/02C07C67/00C07C231/00C07C231/02C07C231/12C07C233/12C07C233/16C07C235/08C07C235/34C07C239/00C07C253/00C07C255/54C07C255/59C07C269/00C07C275/50C07C301/00C07C311/30C07C311/37C07C313/00C07C317/18C07C317/46C07D211/22C07D211/46C07D295/04C07D303/22C07D405/12
    • C07D303/22C07C255/00C07D211/22C07D211/46C07D405/12
    • The present invention provides new aminopropanol derivatives of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a direct bond, a straight-chained or branched alkylene chain containing up to 3 carbon atoms or a --CO--CH.sub.2 -- group; X is a direct bond or a carbonyl group; B is a straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkylene chain containing up to 12 carbon atoms, in which one or two --CH.sub.2 -- groups can also be replaced by a saturated or unsaturated alkylene ring containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms and/or by an oxygen or sulphur atom or an --S(.dbd.O)-- or --S(.dbd.O).sub.2 -- group, n is 1, 2 or 3; R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom or a straight-chained or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical containing up to 6 carbon atoms or a --B--(ONO.sub.2).sub.n group, in which B and n have the same meanings as above, or when A is a --CO--CH.sub.2 -- group and X is a direct bond, R.sub.1 together with the nitrogen atom and a carbon atom of chain B can represent a heteroaliphatic ring containing 2 to 7 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is a hydrogen or halogen atom or a cyano, hydroxyl, amino, nitro, carboxyl, carbamoyl, ureido or sulphamoyl group or an alkyl, alkoxy, alkylamino, alkylthio, hydroxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkylcarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonylamino or alkylaminocarbonylamino radical; and R.sub.3 is an alkyl or nitroxyalkyl radical containing 3 to 8 carbon atoms; and the physiologically acceptable salts thereof.The present invention also provides processes for the preparation of these aminopropanol derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions containing them, as well as intermediates for the preparation of the new aminopropanol derivatives.
    • 本发明提供了以下通式的新的氨基丙醇衍生物:其中A是直接键,含有至多3个碳原子的直链或支链亚烷基链或-CO-CH 2 - 基团; X是直接键或羰基; B是含有至多12个碳原子的直链或支链,饱和或不饱和的亚烷基链,其中一个或两个-CH 2 - 基团也可以被含有3至7个碳原子的饱和或不饱和亚烷基环和/或 通过氧或硫原子或-S(= O) - 或-S(= O)2 - 基团,n是1,2或3; R1是氢原子或含有至多6个碳原子的直链或支链,饱和或不饱和的烷基或-B-(ONO 2)n基团,其中B和n具有与上述相同的含义,或当A 是-CO-CH 2 - 基团,X是直接键,R 1与氮原子一起形成,链B的碳原子可以表示含有2至7个碳原子的杂脂肪族环; R2是氢或卤原子或氰基,羟基,氨基,硝基,羧基,氨基甲酰基,脲基或氨磺酰基或烷基,烷氧基,烷基氨基,烷硫基,羟基烷基,氨基烷基,烷氧基羰基,烷基羰基,烷基氨基羰基,烷基羰基氨基,烷氧基羰基氨基或烷基氨基羰基氨基 激进; R3为含有3-8个碳原子的烷基或硝基烷基; 及其生理上可接受的盐。 本发明还提供制备这些氨基丙醇衍生物和含有它们的药物组合物的方法,以及制备新的氨基丙醇衍生物的中间体。