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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Method and arrangement for measuring the concentration of gases
    • 用于测量气体浓度的方法和装置
    • US4003707A
    • 1977-01-18
    • US661636
    • 1976-02-26
    • Dietrich W. LubbersNorbert Opitz
    • Dietrich W. LubbersNorbert Opitz
    • G01N33/49G01N21/64G01N21/78G01J3/30G01N21/26G01N21/48G01N33/16
    • G01N21/643G01N2021/6434Y10T436/204998Y10T436/255
    • A method and an arrangement for measuring the concentration of gases in a mple includes the generation of a monochromatic light beam having predetermined color characteristic. An indicator generates light signals indicative of the concentration of the gases in a sample to be measured and includes a light-transmissive surface positioned to be impinged by the monochromatic light beam, a diffusion membrane adapted to be placed in the proximity of a sample and being permeable to a selected gas component thereof, and an indicating substance positioned to be impinged by the monochromatic light beam penetrating the light-transmissive surface and by the gas component penetrating the diffusion membrane. The indicating substance reacts when illuminated by the incident monochromatic light by emitting a resultant light beam having an emitted component which has a color characteristic different from the predetermined color characteristic of the monochromatic light beam. The resultant light beam is conducted away from the indicating substance through the light-transmissive surface. Finally, the emitted component is discriminated from the resultant light beam so that the change in the color characteristic of the indicating substance can be measured and correlated with the concentration of gases in the sample.
    • 用于测量样品中气体浓度的方法和装置包括产生具有预定颜色特性的单色光束。 指示器产生指示要测量的样品中的气体浓度的光信号,并且包括被定位成被单色光束照射的光透射表面,适于放置在样品附近的扩散膜, 可选择其气体组分,以及定位成被穿透透光表面的单色光束和穿透扩散膜的气体组分撞击的指示物质。 当通过发射具有不同于单色光束的预定颜色特性的颜色特征的发射成分的合成光束时,指示物质被入射单色光照射时反应。 所得到的光束通过透光表面被导引离开指示物质。 最后,从所得到的光束中识别发射的成分,从而可以测量指示物质的颜色特性的变化并与样品中的气体浓度相关联。
    • 6. 发明授权
    • Process and arrangement for measuring ion strength
    • 测量离子强度的过程和布置
    • US4511660A
    • 1985-04-16
    • US503251
    • 1983-06-10
    • Dietrich W. LubbersNorbert Opitz
    • Dietrich W. LubbersNorbert Opitz
    • G01N21/80G01N27/416G01N31/00G01N31/22G01N33/84G01N21/00G01N21/77G01N27/36
    • G01N33/84
    • Process and apparatus for directly measuring the ion strength of an electrolyte solution is disclosed. The pH value of the electrolyte is measured by means of a first measurement with a first indicator dependent on the ion strength and by means of a second measurement with a second indicator dependent on ion strength in a manner different from the first indicator whereby the ion strength is computed by means of the approximation ##EQU1## J=ion strength Jo=ion strength upon calibrationpH'(N)=pH value, measured with a first indicator N dependent on the ion strength (HPTS)pH'(X)=pH value, measured with a second indicator X dependent on the ion strength, the ion strength dependence of which is different from that of the first indicatorW(N)=valency of the first indicatorW(X)=valency of the second indicatorwith ##EQU2## The ion strengths of other ions and of unknown electrolyte may also be computed.
    • 公开了用于直接测量电解质溶液的离子强度的方法和装置。 电解质的pH值通过第一测量来测量,其中第一指示剂取决于离子强度,并且借助于第二指示剂以与第一指示剂不同的方式依赖于离子强度的第二指示剂来测量,由此离子强度 (2)J =离子强度Jo =校准时的离子强度pH值(N)= pH值,取决于离子强度(HPTS)pH'(X)的第一指示剂N测量 )= pH值,其取决于离子强度的第二指示剂X,其离子强度依赖性不同于第一指示剂W(N)=第一指示剂的化合价W(X)=第二指示剂的化合价 指示器(2a)可以计算其他离子和未知电解质的离子强度。
    • 8. 发明授权
    • Sensor for measuring physical parameters of concentration of particles
    • 用于测量颗粒浓度物理参数的传感器
    • US4889690A
    • 1989-12-26
    • US51252
    • 1987-05-07
    • Norbert OpitzDietrich W. Lubbers
    • Norbert OpitzDietrich W. Lubbers
    • G01N21/64G01N21/77
    • G01N21/643G01N2021/6434G01N21/77G01N2201/06
    • A sensing arrangement for measuring physical parameters or concentration of particles is assembled of a laminar source of luminescent radiation. Fluorescent indicating particles are arranged in an indicator layer adjoining one major side of the laminar light source. The indicator layer adjoins a measuring space containing the object of measurement whose particles enter the indicator layer by diffusion. Fluorescent indicating particles are arranged in the indicator layer to emit fluorescent light when illuminated by the laminar light source. Photoelectric receiver is adjacent the opposite side of the laminar light source to measure the intensity of the fluorescent radiation. In a modification, luminescent phosphors and fluorescent particles are arranged in a common matrix.
    • 用于测量物理参数或颗粒浓度的感测装置由发光辐射的层流源组装。 荧光指示颗粒布置在与层状光源的一个主侧相邻的指示剂层中。 指示层与包含测量对象的测量空间相邻,测量对象的粒子通过扩散进入指示层。 荧光指示颗粒被布置在指示剂层中,以在被层状光源照射时发出荧光。 光电接收器邻近层状光源的相对侧,以测量荧光辐射的强度。 在一个修改中,发光荧光体和荧光颗粒被布置在共同的基质中。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Arrangement for measuring potential differences
    • 测量潜在差异的安排
    • US4701697A
    • 1987-10-20
    • US572927
    • 1984-01-20
    • Dietrich W. LubbersNorbert Opitz
    • Dietrich W. LubbersNorbert Opitz
    • G01N21/77G01N27/416G01R19/10G01N27/00
    • G01N21/77G01R19/10
    • To measure potential differences in second-class conductors without interference potentials, there are provided a potential generator cooperating with a potential-measuring structure. This structure includes a substrate of electrically highly insulating and chemically inert material embedding optical indicators whose optical properties change as a function of the applied electric potential difference. Both the potential generator and the potential-measuring structure have boundary surfaces which are in contact with the second-class conductor and opposite surfaces interconnected by an equalizing conductor. A light-measuring device is arranged for intercepting light changes in the indicators, thus measuring the potential difference.
    • 为了测量没有干扰电位的二级导体的电位差,提供了与电位测量结构配合的潜在发生器。 该结构包括具有高度绝缘和化学惰性的材料的衬底,其嵌入光学指示器,其光学性质随施加的电位差​​而变化。 电势发生器和电位测量结构都具有与二等导体和由均衡导体互连的相对表面接触的边界面。 布置了一种光测量装置,用于截取指示灯中的光线变化,从而测量电位差。