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1. 发明专利

JP2011052282A Method for designing steel component of thick steel plate 审中-公开
标题翻译：钢板钢组件的设计方法
公开(公告)号：JP2011052282A
公开(公告)日：2011-03-17
申请号：JP2009202748
申请日：2009-09-02
申请人： Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd , 住友金属工業株式会社
发明人： OKUBO TAKESHI , SAKAIBORI HIDEO , KAWABATA TOMOYA , KUBO SATOSHI , SUMIYA YASUNORI
IPC分类号： C21D8/02 , C22C38/00 , C22C38/48
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for designing a steel component when manufacturing a thick steel plate wherein the slab heating temperature during the manufacture is ≤1,000°C.
SOLUTION: The steel composition of a thick steel plate to be manufactured at the slab heating temperature of >1,000°C is defined as a basic composition, and based on the basic composition the Nb content is reduced, and the content of at least one kind out of Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo and V is increased. Alternatively, the steel composition of the thick steel plate to be manufactured at the slab heating temperature of >1,000°C is defined as the basic composition, and based on the basic composition, the Nb content is reduced and the carbon equivalent Ceq expressed by the formula (1) Ceq=C+Si/24+Mn/6+Ni/40+Cr/5+Mo/4+V/14 is increased.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2011,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种在制造制造期间的板坯加热温度≤1,000℃的厚钢板的制造中设计钢部件的方法。解决方案：将在板坯加热温度> 1000℃下制造的厚钢板的钢组成定义为碱性组成，并且基于Nb的含量降低的基本组成， Cu，Ni，Cr，Mo和V中的至少一种增加。或者，将在板坯加热温度> 1000℃下制造的厚钢板的钢组成定义为碱性组成，并且基于碱性组成，Nb含量降低，并且由式（1）Ceq = C + Si / 24 + Mn / 6 + Ni / 40 + Cr / 5 + Mo / 4 + V / 14增加。版权所有（C）2011，JPO＆INPIT

2. 发明专利

JP2010209373A High tensile strength steel material for hydraulic pressure iron pipe, method for producing the same, and hydraulic pressure iron pipe 有权
标题翻译：液压压力管高强度钢材料及其制造方法及液压压力管
公开(公告)号：JP2010209373A
公开(公告)日：2010-09-24
申请号：JP2009054418
申请日：2009-03-09
申请人： Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd , 住友金属工業株式会社
发明人： SAKAIBORI HIDEO , KUBO SATOSHI , OKUBO TAKESHI , KAWABATA TOMOYA
IPC分类号： C22C38/00 , B21B3/00 , C21D8/02 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/58
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high tensile strength steel material for a hydraulic pressure iron pipe having excellent weld zone toughness, further free from the generation of weld cracking even if welding is performed in a preheating-free state under a high temperature-high humidity environment, and is further friendly to natural environment.
SOLUTION: The high tensile strength steel material for the hydraulic pressure iron pipe has a chemical composition containing 0.04 to 0.09% C, 0.05 to 0.6% Si, 1.0 to 1.8% Mn, ≤0.02% P, ≤0.01% S,
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：为了提供具有优异焊接区韧性的用于液压铁管的高抗拉强度钢材料，即使在高温下以无预热的状态进行焊接也不会产生焊缝裂纹温湿度高的环境，对自然环境更加友好。解决方案：用于液压铁管的高抗拉强度钢材具有含有0.04-0.09％C，0.05-0.6％Si，1.0-1.8％Mn，≤0.02％P，≤0.01％S的化学组成， <0.005％的Nb，0.002〜0.07％的Al，0.001〜0.005％的N，余量为Fe的杂质，通过加热至850〜1000℃的温度进行热加工而制成。钢材可以具有包含选自Cu，Ni，Cr，Mo，V，Ti，B，Ca，Mg和稀土金属中的一种或多种元素的化学组成。版权所有（C）2010，JPO＆INPIT

3. 发明专利

JP2009041083A High-strength thick steel plate having excellent brittle-crack arrestability, and method for producing the same 有权
标题翻译：具有优异的脆性破坏性的高强度厚钢板及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：JP2009041083A
公开(公告)日：2009-02-26
申请号：JP2007208830
申请日：2007-08-10
申请人： Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd , 住友金属工業株式会社
发明人： KAWABATA TOMOYA , KUBO SATOSHI
IPC分类号： C22C38/00 , B21B1/26 , B21B3/00 , C21D8/02 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/58
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high-strength thick steel plate having excellent brittle-crack arrestability at low cost.
SOLUTION: The high-strength thick steel plate having excellent brittle-crack arrestability has a chemical composition comprising, by mass, 0.01 to 0.12% C, ≤0.5% Si, 0.4 to 2% Mn, ≤0.05% P, ≤0.008% S, 0.002 to 0.05% Al, ≤0.01% N and 0.003 to 0.1% Nb, and the balance Fe with impurities, and in which carbon equivalent Ceq expressed by formula (1) is 0.32 to 0.40, the fraction of a ferrite structure in the central part of the plate thickness is ≥80%, and also, the effective crystal grain size in the central part of the plate thickness is ≤25 μm. The steel plate may further comprise Ni, Cu, Cr, Mo, V, B, Ti, Ca, Mg and REM: Ceq=C+Mn/6+Cu/15+Ni/15+Cr/5+Mo/5+V/5 (1); wherein, C, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo and V denote the contents (mass%) of the respective elements.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：以低成本提供具有优异的脆性裂纹阻止性的高强度厚钢板。解决方案：具有优异的脆性裂纹阻止性的高强度厚钢板具有化学成分，其组成为：质量分数为0.01〜0.12％的C，≤0.5％的Si，0.4〜2％的Mn，≤0.05％的P，≤ 0.008％S，0.002-0.05％Al，≤0.01％N和0.003-0.1％Nb，余量为Fe与杂质，其中由式（1）表示的碳当量Ceq为0.32至0.40，铁素体的分数板厚中心部分的结构为≥80％，板厚中心部分的有效晶粒尺寸为≤25μm。钢板可以进一步包括Ni，Cu，Cr，Mo，V，B，Ti，Ca，Mg和REM：Ceq = C + Mn / 6 + Cu / 15 + Ni / 15 + Cr / 5 + Mo / V / 5（1）; 其中，C，Mn，Cu，Ni，Cr，Mo和V表示各元素的含量（质量％）。版权所有（C）2009，JPO＆INPIT

4. 发明专利

JP2008095155A Thick steel plate to be laser-cut and production method therefor 有权
标题翻译：厚钢板可以被切割和生产
公开(公告)号：JP2008095155A
公开(公告)日：2008-04-24
申请号：JP2006279532
申请日：2006-10-13
申请人： Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd , 住友金属工業株式会社
发明人： KUBO SATOSHI , OZEKAWA ATSUSHI , KONUMA YUKIO , OKADA HIKARI , MAEDA TAKAO , KAMIMURA TAKAYUKI , FUJIWARA TOMOYA
IPC分类号： C22C38/00 , B21B1/38 , B21B3/00 , C21D8/00 , C22C38/02 , C22C38/58
CPC分类号： Y02P10/212
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thick steel plate to be laser-cut which hardly causes a cutting trouble even when the laser cutting machine is used for an unattended operation during night and has superior adhesiveness of scale, and to provide a production method therefor. SOLUTION: The thick steel plate to be laser-cut contains, by mass%, 0.02 to 0.4% Si, has a thickness of 15 to 35 mm, and has a scale layer of 10 to 60 μm on the surface, wherein the scale layer in an amount of 80% or more remains after a bending strain of 3% has been applied thereto. The thick steel plate may include a specified amount of C, Mn, Cu, Ni, P, S, Al and N, or further Cr, Mo, Nb, V, Ti, B, Ca, Mg and REM, in addition to Si. The thick steel plate to be laser-cut having the scale layer of 10 to 60 μm on the surface of the steel plate can be produced through the steps of slab forming, heating, descaling, rolling, water cooling, flatness conditioning and radiational cooling. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：为了提供即使在激光切割机用于夜间无人值班的操作中也难以引起切割问题的激光切割的厚钢板，并且具有优异的标尺密合性，并且提供一种生产方法。
解决方案：激光切割的厚钢板以质量％计含有0.02〜0.4％的Si，其厚度为15〜35mm，表面上具有10〜60μm的氧化皮层，其中，在施加3％的弯曲应变之后，残留量为80％以上的刻度层。除了Si之外，厚钢板可以包括规定量的C，Mn，Cu，Ni，P，S，Al和N，或者还有Cr，Mo，Nb，V，Ti，B，Ca，Mg和REM 。通过板坯成形，加热，除鳞，轧制，水冷，平坦度调节和辐射冷却的步骤，可以制造在钢板表面上具有10〜60μm的氧化皮层的激光切割厚钢板。版权所有（C）2008，JPO＆INPIT

5. 发明专利

JP2012246520A Steel material excellent in fatigue-crack propagation resistance and low-temperature toughness at weld heat-affected zone, and method for production thereof 有权
标题翻译：焊接热影响区的疲劳裂纹传播阻力和低温韧性的钢材优良，及其生产方法
公开(公告)号：JP2012246520A
公开(公告)日：2012-12-13
申请号：JP2011117869
申请日：2011-05-26
申请人： Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd , 住友金属工業株式会社
发明人： KUBO SATOSHI , YODA NOBORU , SHINTAKU YOSHIAKI , FUJIWARA TOMOYA
IPC分类号： C22C38/00 , C21D8/02 , C22C38/14 , C22C38/58
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a steel material excellent in fatigue-crack propagation resistance and low-temperature toughness of HAZ.SOLUTION: The steel material excellent in fatigue-crack propagation resistance and low-temperature toughness at a weld heat-affected zone contains, by mass, 0.01-0.10% C, 0.04-0.60% Si, 0.5-2.0% Mn, ≤0.015% P, ≤0.004% S, 0.005-0.07% Al, 0.004-0.025% Ti, 0.0005-0.0040% B, 0.0040-0.0090% N, and the balance Fe with impurities. The steel material has, by area ratio, ≥50% of bainitic structure, ≤5% of pearlitic structure and the balance of ferritic structure, has the difference of Vickers hardness of a surface layer part and a thickness center part, of ≤50 and satisfies formula (1): Ti/N≤3.4 and formula (2): 0.0003≤B-10.8/14.1×(N-Ti/3.4)≤0.003 (wherein atomic symbols each means the content (mass%) of the element).
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供HAZ的耐疲劳裂纹扩展性和低温韧性优异的钢材。解决方案：焊接热影响区的耐疲劳裂纹扩展性和低温韧性优异的钢材含有0.01-0.10％的C，0.04-0.60％的Si，0.5-2.0％的Mn， ≤0.015％P，≤0.004％S，0.005-0.07％Al，0.004-0.025％Ti，0.0005-0.0040％B，0.0040-0.0090％N，余量为Fe与杂质。钢材的面积比为贝氏体组织的≥50％，珠光体组织的≤5％，铁素体组织的平衡，表面层部分和厚度中心部分的维氏硬度差为≤50，满足式（1）：Ti /N≤3.4和式（2）：0.0003≤B-10.8 / 14.1×（N-Ti / 3.4）≤0.003（其中原子符号各自表示元素的含量（质量％））。版权所有（C）2013，JPO＆INPIT

6. 发明专利

JP2011219849A Thick steel plate for ultra-low temperature and method for producing the same 有权
标题翻译：用于超低温的厚钢板及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：JP2011219849A
公开(公告)日：2011-11-04
申请号：JP2010093449
申请日：2010-04-14
申请人： Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd , 住友金属工業株式会社
发明人： KAWABATA TOMOYA , KAMO TAKAHIRO , SAKAIBORI HIDEO , KUBO SATOSHI , OKUBO TAKESHI , SUZUKI SHUICHI
IPC分类号： C22C38/00 , C21D8/02 , C22C38/08 , C22C38/58
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thick steel plate for ultra-low temperature having brittle fracture occurrence suppression properties after strain aging at a low cost.SOLUTION: There are provided the thick steel plate for ultra-low temperature and a method for producing the thick steel plate which has excellent brittle fracture occurrence suppression properties after strain aging, and has a composition comprising, by mass%, 0.01 to 0.12% C, 0.01 to 0.3% Si, 0.4 to 2.0% Mn, ≤0.05 P, ≤0.008% S, >5.0 to
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供一种低成本的应变时效后的具有脆性断裂发生抑制特性的超低温的厚钢板。提供了用于超低温的厚钢板和生产厚钢板的方法，其在应变时效后具有优异的脆性断裂发生抑制特性，并且具有以质量％计含有0.01〜 0.12％C，0.01〜0.3％Si，0.4〜2.0％Mn，≤0.05P，≤0.008％S，5.0〜10.0％Ni，0.002〜0.05％Al和≤0.005％N，余量为Fe与杂质其特征在于，板厚的（1/4）t的位置处的残留γ的量为≥3.0体积％，并且由高角度晶界包围的结构单元中的当量圆的直径的平均值通过EBSP法以2000倍的倍率观察到的≥15°在板厚的（1/4）t的位置处为≤5.5μm，此外，在一个测量点之间的相邻测量点之间的取向误差的平均值GAM 通过EBSP法以10000倍的倍率观察到的晶粒度为≥0.85°。版权所有（C）2012，JPO＆INPIT

7. 发明专利

JP2010174357A Thick steel plate and method for producing the same 有权
标题翻译：厚钢板及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：JP2010174357A
公开(公告)日：2010-08-12
申请号：JP2009021094
申请日：2009-02-02
申请人： Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd , 住友金属工業株式会社
发明人： KUBO SATOSHI , KAWABATA TOMOYA , OKUBO TAKESHI , SAKAIBORI HIDEO
IPC分类号： C22C38/00 , C21D8/02 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/58
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thick steel plate in which toughness in the plate thickness direction is satisfactory, and jumping energy cost is suppressed, and which can be inexpensively produced. SOLUTION: The thick steel plate has a composition comprising, by mass, 0.01 to 0.12% C, ≤0.50% Si, 0.4 to 2.0% Mn, ≤0.05% P, ≤0.008% S, 0.003 to 0.10% Nb, 0.002 to 0.05% Al and ≤0.010% N, and the balance Fe with impurities, and in which the value of [(9.238×C 0.5 )×(1+0.64×Si)×(1+4.1×Mn)×(1+0.27×Cu)×(1+0.5×Ni)×(1+2.33×Cr)×(1+3.14×Mo)] satisfies ≤25. Further, the ratio of ferrite having the average crystal grain size of >3 to 20 μm and the average aspect ratio of ≤4 occupied in a microstructure is ≥80%. COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT
摘要翻译：解决的问题：为了提供板厚方向的韧性良好的厚钢板，能够降低跳跃能量成本，能够廉价地制造。解决方案：厚钢板具有质量分数为0.01〜0.12％的C，≤0.50％的Si，0.4〜2.0％的Mn，≤0.05％的P，≤0.008％的S，0.003〜0.10％的Nb， 0.002〜0.05％的Al和≤0.010％的N，余量为Fe与杂质，其中[（9.238×C 0.5 ）×（1 + 0.64×Si）×（1+ 4.1×Mn）×（1 + 0.27×Cu）×（1 + 0.5×Ni）×（1 + 2.33×Cr）×（1 + 3.14×Mo）]满足≤25。此外，平均结晶粒径> 3〜20μm的铁素体与微观结构中所占的平均纵横比≤4的比例≥80％。版权所有（C）2010，JPO＆INPIT

8. 发明专利

JP2006213976A High tensile strength steel having excellent weldability and joint toughness 有权
标题翻译：具有优异的焊接性和接头韧性的高强度钢
公开(公告)号：JP2006213976A
公开(公告)日：2006-08-17
申请号：JP2005029053
申请日：2005-02-04
申请人： Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd , 住友金属工業株式会社
发明人： KUBO SATOSHI , KATSUMOTO HIROSHI
IPC分类号： C22C38/00 , C22C38/38 , C22C38/58
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a high tensile strength steel having excellent weldability and joint toughness at a low cost by improving the toughness of the welded joint of a high tensile strength steel having a tensile strength of ≥780 N/mm
2 without the addition of large quantities of alloy elements.
SOLUTION: The high tensile strength steel has a composition comprising, by mass, 0.02 to 0.1% C, ≤0.3% Si, 1 to 2% Mn, ≤0.015% P, ≤0.005% S, ≤1% Cr, ≤1% Mo, 0.005 to 0.05% Nb, 0.0003 to 0.003% B, 0.03 to 0.09% Al, 0.003 to 0.015% Ti, and ≤0.004% N, and, if necessary, further comprising either or both of ≤0.7% Cu and ≤1% Ni, and the balance Fe with inevitable impurities, and satisfying Al/Ti≥6 (wherein, each atomic symbol denotes the content thereof in mass%). The high tensile strength steel can be used as quenched without performing tempering.
COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI
摘要翻译：待解决的问题：通过提高拉伸强度≥780N/ mm 2的高抗拉强度钢的焊接接头的韧性，以低成本提供具有优异焊接性和接头韧性的高抗拉强度钢， SP> 2 ，而不添加大量的合金元素。解决方案：高拉伸强度钢具有质量分数为0.02〜0.1％的C，≤0.3％的Si，1〜2％的Mn，≤0.015％的P，≤0.005％的S，≤1％的Cr， ≤1％Mo，0.005〜0.05％Nb，0.0003〜0.003％B，0.03〜0.09％Al，0.003〜0.015％Ti和≤0.004％N，如果需要，还可以含有≤0.7％的Cu 和≤1％的Ni，余量为Fe与不可避免的杂质，满足Al /Ti≥6（其中，各原子符号表示其质量％）。高强度钢可以在不进行回火的情况下用作淬火。版权所有（C）2006，JPO＆NCIPI

9. 发明专利

JP2012122103A Thick steel plate excellent in hydrogen-induced crack resistance, brittle crack propagation arrest characteristic, and corrosion resistance 有权
标题翻译：厚钢板在氢诱导抗裂性方面优异，具有良好的破裂传播特性和耐腐蚀性
公开(公告)号：JP2012122103A
公开(公告)日：2012-06-28
申请号：JP2010274237
申请日：2010-12-09
申请人： Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd , 住友金属工業株式会社
发明人： SAKAIBORI HIDEO , KUBO SATOSHI , OKUBO TAKESHI , KAWABATA TOMOYA , KAMIMURA TAKAYUKI , YUKI HIDEAKI , KAJIMA KAZUYUKI
IPC分类号： C22C38/00 , B21B3/00 , C21D8/02 , C22C38/06 , C22C38/58
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a thick steel plate which is good in tensile properties, DWTT (drop weight tear test) properties, HIC (hydrogen-induced crack) resistance, and corrosion resistance and can be produced inexpensively by suppressing a steeply increasing energy cost.SOLUTION: The thick steel plate has such a chemical composition that it contains, by mass%, 0.01-0.17% C, 0.01-0.60% Si, 0.4-1.8% Mn, 0.02% or less P, 0.01% or less S, 0.001 to below 0.01% Nb, 0.001-0.06% Al, 0.03-0.50% Sn, 0.01% or less N, and 0.005% or less O, with the balance comprising Fe and impurities and has a VS value of 0.25-0.65, wherein the VS value is represented by formula (1) shown below, and has such a microstructure that the proportion of bainite is 90% or more. The thick steel plate may further has a specified amount of at least one element selected from among Cu, Cr, Mo, V, Ti, Ni, B, Ca, Mg, and REM. The formula (1) is shown by: VS=C+Mn/5+5P-Ni/10-Mo/10+Cu/10, wherein C, Mn, P, Ni, Mo, and Cu represent the contents (mass%) of the respective elements.
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：提供拉伸性能，DWTT（滴重撕裂试验）性，HIC（氢诱发裂纹）抗性和耐腐蚀性良好的厚钢板，并且可以通过抑制能源成本急剧上升。解决方案：厚钢板具有以质量％计含有0.01-0.17％C，0.01-0.60％Si，0.4-1.8％Mn，0.02％以下P，0.01％以下的化学组成 S：0.001〜0.01％以下的Nb，0.001-0.06％的Al，0.03〜0.50％的Sn，0.01％以下的N，以及0.005％以下的O，余量由Fe和杂质构成，VS值为0.25〜0.65 ，其中VS值由下面所示的式（1）表示，并且具有贝氏体的比例为90％以上的微观结构。厚钢板还可以具有规定量的选自Cu，Cr，Mo，V，Ti，Ni，B，Ca，Mg和REM中的至少一种元素。式（1）表示为：VS = C + Mn / 5 + 5P-Ni / 10-Mo / 10 + Cu / 10，其中C，Mn，P，Ni，Mo和Cu表示含量（质量％）。版权所有（C）2012，JPO＆INPIT

10. 发明专利

JP2012117132A Low yield ratio steel material excellent in corrosion resistance and manufacturing method thereof 有权
标题翻译：低耐蚀比钢材优良的耐腐蚀性及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：JP2012117132A
公开(公告)日：2012-06-21
申请号：JP2010269893
申请日：2010-12-03
申请人： Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd , 住友金属工業株式会社
发明人： OKUBO TAKESHI , SAKAIBORI HIDEO , KAWABATA TOMOYA , KUBO SATOSHI , SUMIYA YASUNORI , KAMIMURA TAKAYUKI , YUKI HIDEAKI , KAJIMA KAZUYUKI
IPC分类号： C22C38/00 , B21B1/38 , C21D8/02 , C22C38/12 , C22C38/58
摘要： PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a low yield ratio steel material excellent in corrosion resistance which has tensile strength of 490 MPa or more, yield ratio of 80% or more and fracture transition temperature of -20°C or below, and can be manufactured at a low cost suppressing appreciating energy cost.SOLUTION: The low yield ratio steel material excellent in corrosion resistance has a chemical composition containing C:0.05-0.20%, Si:0.10-0.50%, Mn:1.0-2.0%, P:0.05% or less, S:0.02% or less, Nb:0.01% or less, Al:0.003-0.050% or less and Sn:0.03-0.50%, in mass%, and the remainder being Fe and impurities. In the low yield ratio steel material, the microstructure includes a ferrite phase whose average grain size is exceeding 3 μm and not exceeding 20 μm, a hard phase whose average aspect ratio is less than 10, and an unavoidable forming phase, wherein the ratio of the ferrite phase is 40% or more, and the ratio of the unavoidable forming phase is 5% or less. The chemical composition may contain one or more kinds of Cu, Ni, Cr, Mo and V.
摘要翻译：要解决的问题：为了提供抗拉强度为490MPa以上，屈服比为80％以上，断裂转变温度为-20℃以下的耐腐蚀性优异的低屈服比钢材，以及可以以低成本制造抑制升华能量成本。解决方案：耐腐蚀性优异的低屈服比钢材料具有C：0.05-0.20％，Si：0.10-0.50％，Mn：1.0-2.0％，P：0.05％以下的化学组成，S： 0.02％以下，Nb：0.01％以下，Al：0.003〜0.050％以下，Sn：0.03〜0.50％，余量由Fe和杂质构成。在低屈服比钢材中，微观结构包括平均粒径超过3μm且不超过20μm的铁素体相，平均纵横比小于10的硬质相和不可避免的成形相，其中，铁素体相为40％以上，不可避免的成形相的比例为5％以下。化学成分可能含有一种或多种Cu，Ni，Cr，Mo和V.版权所有（C）2012，JPO＆INPIT

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