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    • 33. 发明专利
    • VOLTAGE SENSOR
    • JP2001255342A
    • 2001-09-21
    • JP2000068616
    • 2000-03-08
    • HITACHI LTD
    • HAYASHIBARA MITSUOKUBO OSAMUWATANABE MASAHIRO
    • G01R15/06G01R19/00
    • PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a non-contact/non-grounding type sensor for accurately measuring the voltage with respect to ground even if the floating capacitance between the sensor and the ground is unknown. SOLUTION: A voltage sensor 10 is connected to an electrode 3 that is provided around a covering 5 for surrounding a conductor 4 of a transmission line. The voltage sensor 10 for transmission lines consists of a voltage detection circuit 1 and a voltage detector 2 for detecting a voltage that is applied to the voltage detection circuit 1. The voltage detection circuit 1 can change the capacitance of the voltage detection circuit 1 itself. The voltage detector 2 detects a voltage that is applied to the voltage detection circuit 1 (1), and the voltage detection circuit 1 creates a different static electricity state (2). The voltage detector (2) detects a voltage that is applied to the voltage detection circuit 1 (3), and repeats (2) and (3) being adjusted to the number the unknown number of an equivalent circuit, thus obtaining a voltage with respect to the ground (4).
    • 36. 发明专利
    • Laminated piezoelectric element
    • 层压压电元件
    • JP2000077733A
    • 2000-03-14
    • JP24133998
    • 1998-08-27
    • Hitachi Ltd株式会社日立製作所
    • MIYATA MOTOYUKISHIONO OSAMUHAYASHIBARA MITSUOSUZUKI HIDEOWATABIKI SEIJIISHIDA TOMIO
    • G01L1/16H01L41/083
    • PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To improve reliability of a laminated piezoelectric element extending over a long period even under a high temperature, by a method wherein piezoelectric materials having a piezoelectricity and internal electrodes having a conductivity are alternately laminated to form integrally the piezoelectric materials, and the internal electrodes and stress relaxation layers are respectively formed on the vertical side surfaces of the laminated material in the lamination direction.
      SOLUTION: Piezoelectric materials 1 having a piezoelectricity and internal electrodes 2 having a conductivity are alternately laminated to form integrally the materials 1, the external electrodes 2 is connected to and the eternal electrodes 2 every other layer, and lead wires 4 are respectively connected with these electrodes 3. Moreover, stress relaxation layers 5, which are provided mixedly an inorganic porous material containing an silicon oxide as its main component with a conductive material containing conductive grains, such as silver grains palladium grains, are respectively formed between the materials 1 and the electrodes 3, between the electrodes 2 and the electrodes 3 and between insulating layers 8 formed on the electrodes 2 and the electrodes 3. As a result, even in the case where a laminated piezoelectric element is used extending over a long period under a high voltage, the reliability of the piezoelectric element can be improved.
      COPYRIGHT: (C)2000,JPO
    • 要解决的问题:为了提高即使在高温下长时间延伸的层叠型压电元件的可靠性,也可以通过将具有压电性的压电材料和具有导电性的内部电极交替层叠以形成压电材料的方法, 在叠层材料的层叠方向的垂直侧面分别形成内部电极和应力缓和层。 解决方案:具有压电性的压电材料1和具有导电性的内部电极2交替层压以形成材料1,外部电极2每隔一层连接到外部电极2,并且引线4分别与这些连接 此外,在材料1和第一电极3之间分别形成应力松弛层5,它们以含有氧化硅为主要成分的无机多孔材料和含有导电颗粒的导电材料(例如银粒子钯颗粒)混合提供。 电极3之间,电极2和电极3之间以及形成在电极2和电极3上的绝缘层8之间的电极3。结果,即使在使用层叠型压电元件在高电压下长时间延伸的情况下 可以提高压电元件的可靠性。
    • 37. 发明专利
    • FUEL INJECTION DEVICE
    • JPH09310655A
    • 1997-12-02
    • JP12536196
    • 1996-05-21
    • HITACHI LTD
    • HAYASHIBARA MITSUOTANAKA SHIGERUSHIONO OSAMUKANEDA JUNYA
    • F02M51/00F02D41/20F02M51/06
    • PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To release shock applied on a piezoelectric element with a simple structure, and improve reliability and durability of the piezoelectric element by controlling voltage applied on the piezoelectric element on the basis of a current value which flows the piezoelectric element, in a fuel injection device having a valve element which performed reciprocating motion in association with the distortion motion of the piezoelectric element. SOLUTION: At the time of start, voltage is applied from the power supply circuit 6 of a control circuit 23 on a piezoelectric element 2, the piezoelectric element 2 extends for about 0.5 seconds while compressing a spring 3. Applying voltage of the piezoelectric element is set to 0V instantly, and thereby, piezoelectric element 2 is reverted in a natural length at about 10 seconds. At this time, the spring constant of the spring 3 is selected suitably, and a damper 22 is weighted, and thereby, it is not followed with rapid contracting motion of the piezoelectric element 2, and acted as a fixing end of the piezoelectric element 2. A plunger 1 which is a comparative light weight is lifted up by contraction of the piezoelectric element 2, fuel is injected. After fuel is injected, the plunger 1 descends by extending motion of the piezoelectric element 2 so as to shut-out fuel injection.
    • 38. 发明专利
    • THERMOELECTRIC CONVERTER
    • JPH09250836A
    • 1997-09-22
    • JP5880896
    • 1996-03-15
    • HITACHI LTD
    • YOSHIOKA CHIKAKOHAYASHIBARA MITSUO
    • H01L35/30F25B21/02H01L35/32
    • PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a small-sized apparatus not including a separate fan by constructing the apparatus into an annular structure and providing a good thermal conductor having a fan blade on a heat absorption surface and on a heat dissipation surface. SOLUTION: This thermoelectric converter 1 is constructed into an annular shape. In the thermoelectric converter 1, N and P semiconductor devices 12a and 12b, both a thermoelectric element, are alternately disposed into a plurality of layers which are in turn put between metal plate electrodes 13, 13 and welded with solder. An electric insulator 15 is mounted on one end of the metal plate electrode 13 not in contact with the P and N semiconductors 12a and 12b, and a good thermal conductor 16 is provided. The good thermal conductor 16 is a structure having inner and outer air fan blades 161, facing each other. The thermal conductor 16 is provided which has the fan blades 161 on the heat absorption surface and the heat dissipation surface of the thermoelectric converter, and the cylindrical apparatus is rotated for heat exchange whereby the apparatus is small sized without requiring the separate provision of an air fan.
    • 39. 发明专利
    • REFRIGERATOR
    • JPH07253264A
    • 1995-10-03
    • JP4679894
    • 1994-03-17
    • HITACHI LTD
    • HAYASHIBARA MITSUOKOYANAGI ASAKOHATAMIYA SHIGEO
    • F25D11/00F25B21/02F25D17/04
    • PURPOSE:To increase an inner volume of a refrigerator and to enable a cooling system having no noise to be constructed by a method wherein a thermal insulating wall composed of a thermal insulating material filled between Peltier effect elements and thermal conducting material installed at the Peltier effect elements is applied as a part of the refrigerator. CONSTITUTION:A thermal insulating wall is formed by Peltier effect elements 14 electrically connected from each other, thermal insulating material 17 filled between the Peltier elements 14, and thermal conducting members 11, 18 installed at both or one of a high temperature side and a low temperature side of each of the Peltier elements 14 through electrical insulators 12, 16 and then this thermal insulating wall is used at a part of the refrigerator. Due to this fact, thermal energy collected at the high temperature side of each of the Peltier elements 14 can be dispersed by the thermal conductors 11, 18 and a thermal radiation with a static means such as natural convection can be attained. In addition, a thickness of this thermal insulating wall can be locally changed. With such an arrangement as above, it is possible to increase an inner volume of the refrigerator and at the same time it is possible to constitute a freezing system having no noise due to no presence of movable elements.
    • 40. 发明专利
    • THERMOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER
    • JPH0779019A
    • 1995-03-20
    • JP22327293
    • 1993-09-08
    • HITACHI LTD
    • KOYANAGI ASAKOHAYASHIBARA MITSUO
    • H01L35/28
    • PURPOSE:To cool or heat an external heat medium by a method wherein a thermoelectric transducer in which the two ends of a thermoelectric material are brought into contact with two heat sources having different temperatures and the two ends are connected to each other with an electrode to apply a current to the thermoelectric material with its own thermoelectromotive force is provided and a heat exchange means by which heat is exchanged between the thermoelectric transducer and an external heat medium is provided in a part of the thermoelectric transducer. CONSTITUTION:The two ends of a thermoelectric material 1 are connected to each other with an electrode 5 and the two ends are brought into contact with a high temperature heat source 10 and a low temperature heat source 11 respectively. At that time, a thermoelectromotive force is generated in the thermoelectric material 1 and a current is applied to the thermoelectric material 1 through the electrode 5 to produce heat absorption or heat generation by a Thomson effect. A pipe 21 through which heat medium 20 flows is brought into contact with a part of a thermoelectric transducer to exchange heat between the transducer and the heat medium 20. With this constitution, the heat medium 20 can be cooled or heated without a current supplied from an external electrode.