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1. 发明公开

EP1369706A2 Apparatus and method for simulating sensor imagery 审中-公开
标题翻译： Gerätund Verfahren zur Simulation von Bildsensoren
公开(公告)号：EP1369706A2
公开(公告)日：2003-12-10
申请号：EP03004024.0
申请日：2003-02-24
申请人： L-3 Communications Corporation
发明人： Turner, James A.
IPC分类号： G01S17/02 , G09B9/00
CPC分类号： G09B9/301 , G09B9/40
摘要： The present invention provides a simulation for displaying a screen formulated from data, such as a FLIR sensor, relying on color definitions that are more readily supported by common image generators, most preferably 8-bit per channel RGB color processing and video output. The system has an image generator that transmits a video signal of at least two digital data channels, and a display system with a combiner circuit and a visual display device. The bit sets of the channels each represent a respective value of the data variable at a resolution for that channel, and the bit sets of the second channel each represent a respective value of the data variable at a second resolution higher than the resolution of the first channel. Combiner circuitry receives the channels of video output and processes these channels to select the channel which represents the accurate data unaffected by clamping. It is preferred to provide at least three channels of pixel data representing the value of the display data, in three different resolutions and ranges, high resolution; middle resolution and low resolution. In the preferred embodiment, the data displayed on the display device are simulated FLIR infra-red intensities, which correlate to the temperatures of the simulated objects being viewed. Preferably, the ranges of different resolution IR data encompass the ambient temperature being simulated, because attenuation of infra-red in reality tends to compress all detected infra-red temperatures to a narrow field around ambient temperature.
摘要翻译：本发明提供一种模拟，用于根据诸如FLIR传感器的数据进行显示，该屏幕依赖于通常的图像发生器更容易支持的颜色定义，最优选地是8位每通道RGB颜色处理和视频输出。该系统具有发送至少两个数字数据通道的视频信号的图像发生器，以及具有组合器电路和可视显示装置的显示系统。通道的位组各自表示该通道的分辨率下的数据变量的相应值，并且第二通道的位组各自表示高于第一通道的分辨率的第二分辨率的数据变量的相应值渠道。组合器电路接收视频输出通道并处理这些通道以选择通道，该通道表示不受夹紧影响的准确数据。优选地，以三个不同的分辨率和范围提供表示显示数据的值的至少三个通道的像素数据，高分辨率; 中分辨率和低分辨率。在优选实施例中，在显示装置上显示的数据被模拟为与所观察的模拟对象的温度相关的FLIR红外线强度。优选地，不同分辨率IR数据的范围包括正在模拟的环境温度，因为实际中红外线的衰减趋向于将所有检测到的红外温度压缩到围绕环境温度的窄场。

2. 发明授权

EP0611022B1 Image generator 失效
公开(公告)号：EP0611022B1
公开(公告)日：1999-03-31
申请号：EP94201379.8
申请日：1989-12-05
申请人： THOMSON TRAINING & SIMULATION LIMITED
发明人： Baker, Stephen John , Cowdrey, Dennis Alan , Olive, Graham John , Wood, Karl Joseph
IPC分类号： G06T1/00
CPC分类号： G06T1/60 , G06T15/00 , G09B9/301

3. 发明授权

EP0634040B1 TERRAIN AND CULTURE GENERATION SYSTEM AND METHOD 失效
标题翻译：系统和方法生成的地形和GELAENDEGESTALTUNGSDATABANK
公开(公告)号：EP0634040B1
公开(公告)日：1998-06-03
申请号：EP94906725.0
申请日：1994-02-02
申请人： HUGHES TRAINING, INC
发明人： WHITTINGTON, Reed, C. , NGUYEN, Joe , PAFFORD, Judith, G.
IPC分类号： G09B9/30
CPC分类号： G06T17/05 , G09B9/301 , G09B19/165
摘要： A method and system (10) for generating a reconfigurable terrain and culture database of a simulated environment. Terrain and culture data are extracted from at least one of a plurality of digital data sources (14), and the extracted data is transformed into a predetermined central database format (22) from which the extracted data may be edited (24) and formatted (28) for a particular imaging system. The terrain and culture data are not merged until formatting in order to enable rapid reskinning of the terrain or the addition of further culture details.

4. 发明公开

EP0792498A4 WEATHER EFFECTS GENERATOR FOR SIMULATION SYSTEMS 失效
标题翻译：天气变化的影响发生器模拟系统
公开(公告)号：EP0792498A4
公开(公告)日：1998-03-11
申请号：EP95940003
申请日：1995-11-16
申请人： SOUTHWEST RES INST
发明人： MONTAG BRUCE C , WENZEL DENNIS J , WEYRAUCH RICHARD P
IPC分类号： G06T11/00 , G06T15/00 , G06T15/10 , G09B9/30 , G06T1/00
CPC分类号： G06T11/001 , G06T15/005 , G06T15/10 , G09B9/301
摘要： A weather effects generator (10) that generates weather data based on real-world weather data, and provides this data to a host simulator (16). The type of data provided and the spatial distribution of the data depend on the type of simulation. A real world database (11) is accessed to obtain a dataspace of weather data elements, each having a location parameter and various weather-related parameters. For visual display simulators, the data elements are preprocessed to obtain color, transparency, and texture values for each data element. The preprocessed data elements are further processed to obtain a prioritized display list of those data elements that correspond to field-of-view data provided by the simulator. Each data element in this list is assigned a graphics primitive that can be rasterized in accordance with the color and transparency values.

5. 发明公开

EP0790583A1 IMAGE PROCESSING METHOD, IMAGE PROCESSOR, AND PSEUDO-EXPERIENCE DEVICE 失效
标题翻译： BILDVERARBEITUNGSVERFAHREN，BILDROZESSOR UNDGERÄTFÜRPSEUDO-ERFAHRUNGEN
公开(公告)号：EP0790583A1
公开(公告)日：1997-08-20
申请号：EP96921106.9
申请日：1996-06-27
申请人： SEGA ENTERPRISES, LTD.
发明人： GODEN, Takeshi
IPC分类号： G06T15/00 , A63F9/22 , G09B9/34 , G09B9/058
CPC分类号： A63F13/5258 , A63F13/10 , A63F13/803 , A63F2300/64 , A63F2300/66 , A63F2300/6661 , A63F2300/8017 , G06T15/00 , G06T15/10 , G09B9/05 , G09B9/301
摘要： A system according to this invention comprises an image display means 300, a central processing unit 102, memories 103 - 108, a program processing section 100 which executes a game program which moves a moving object in a virtual three-dimensional space in which three-dimensional objects are arranged, and an operation section 200 which accepts speed data on the moving objects in the virtual three-dimensional space and sends the data to the program processing unit. The operation section 200 sends moving-object speed data to a perspective conversion unit 110. The perspective conversion unit 110 makes the distance between a viewpoint and a projection screen variable according to the relative speed of the moving object. As the effective visual area on the projection screen becomes smaller, the range of the virtual three-dimensional space displayed in the effective visual area becomes larger. This makes the view field angle to the projection screen variable according to the movement speed of the moving object.
摘要翻译：根据本发明的系统包括图像显示装置300，中央处理单元102，存储器103-108，执行在虚拟三维空间中移动移动物体的游戏程序的程序处理部分100，以及操作部200，其接受虚拟三维空间中的移动对象的速度数据，并将该数据发送给程序处理部。操作部分200将运动对象速度数据发送到透视转换单元110.透视转换单元110使视点和投影屏幕之间的距离根据移动对象的相对速度而变化。随着投影屏幕上的有效视区变小，在有效视域中显示的虚拟三维空间的范围变大。这使得根据移动物体的移动速度使投影屏幕的视场角度变化。

6. 发明授权

EP0528837B1 IMAGE GENERATOR 失效
标题翻译：图像发生器
公开(公告)号：EP0528837B1
公开(公告)日：1997-06-18
申请号：EP91908349.3
申请日：1991-04-22
申请人： THOMSON TRAINING & SIMULATION LIMITED
发明人： OLIVE, Graham John 53 The Ridings
IPC分类号： G06T15/50
CPC分类号： G06T15/10 , G06T15/50 , G09B9/301
摘要： A method and apparatus for simulating the effect of non-homogeneous fog in an image displayed on a screen. The image is intended to represent the appearance of a model defined in a database in world space coordinates from an eyepoint position in world space, the model being defined in terms of individual features each having predetermined attributes defining the position and visible characteristics of the feature. Image data is derived from the model for each of an array of sampling points distributed across screen space. A non-homogeneous fog structure is defined in world space coordinates as a series of parallel strata of predetermined exteintion coefficient. The positions of the eyepoint and a feature to be displayed relative to the fog structure are determined. The distance from the feature to the eyepoint is calculated. An average value of the extinction coefficient between the eyepoint and the feature is calculated from the defined parallel strata, and the attributes are modulated as a function of the calculated distance and the calculated average value of the extinction coefficient.
摘要翻译：一种用于模拟在屏幕上显示的图像中的非均匀雾效果的方法和装置。该图像旨在表示从世界空间中的视点位置在世界空间坐标中的数据库中定义的模型的外观，该模型根据各个特征来定义，每个特征具有定义特征的位置和可见特征的预定属性。图像数据是从模型中为分布在整个屏幕空间的采样点阵列中的每一个导出的。在世界空间坐标系中，非均匀的雾结构被定义为一系列预定外观系数的平行层。确定眼点和要显示的相对于雾结构的特征的位置。计算从特征到视点的距离。根据定义的平行层计算眼点和特征之间的消光系数的平均值，并且根据计算的距离和计算出的消光系数的平均值调制属性。

7. 发明公开

EP0681267A2 Image generation architecture employing tri-level fixed interleave processing and distribution buses 失效
标题翻译： Bilderzeugungsarchitektur mit dreistufiger fest-verschachtelter Verarbeitung und Verteilungsschiene。
公开(公告)号：EP0681267A2
公开(公告)日：1995-11-08
申请号：EP95303044.2
申请日：1995-05-03
申请人： LORAL AEROSPACE CORPORATION
发明人： Soderberg, Brian T. , Miller, Dale D. , Pheil, Douglas , Cauble, Kent , Heinen, Mark N. , Kenworthy, Mark L.
IPC分类号： G06T1/20 , G06T15/00
CPC分类号： G06T1/20 , G06T15/005 , G09B9/003 , G09B9/301
摘要： An image generator architecture (10) in which tri-level fixed interleave processing provides medium grain parallelism for polygon, tiling, and pixel operations. Input data at each stage are divided into spatially distributed subsets that are interleaved among parallel processors (11, 12, 26) using a fixed, precalculated mapping that minimizes correlation of local scene complexity with any one processor. The present tri-level fixed interleave processing architecture (10) divides a processing task into a pseudo-random, fixed interleaved pattern of regions that are assigned to different processors. Each processor processes many of these randomly located regions. The assignment of processors to regions is a fixed repeating pattern. The highest level of fixed interleave processing is the allocation of fixed-size database regions (area modules) to polygon processors (11, 12, 26). The next level relates to image subregion fixed interleave processing. At this level, the displayed image is divided into small sub-regions that are assigned to tilers (20) in a pseudo-random, but fixed manner. This levels the load across all pixel processors. Typically, tilers process a large contiguous area of the image. The present invention uses small sub-regions (64x64 pixels) and assigns many sub-regions from different channels to a single tiler (20). Each tiler maintains equal loading even with localized regions of high pixel processing. The third level relates to two-by-two pixel, fixed interleave processing. The image is further divided into 2x2 pixel blocks spread across multiple pixel operators (26) on a tiler (20). This fine grain parallelism, in a fixed pseudo-random orientation, ensures equal loading across all pixel processors (26). The second aspect of the present invention is the use of polygon and pixel distribution buses (14, 15). Maximum image generator configurability, expansion, and efficient processing is required for a variety of simulator configurations used in networked training environments. To accomplish this, distribution buses are implemented between all graphics processing stages.
摘要翻译：一种图像生成器架构（10），其中三电平固定交错处理为多边形，平铺和像素操作提供中等粒度并行度。每个阶段的输入数据被划分成空间分布的子集，其在并行处理器（11,12,26）之间使用固定的预先计算的映射进行交织，这使得局部场景复杂度与任何一个处理器的相关性最小化。当前的三电平固定交错处理架构（10）将处理任务划分为分配给不同处理器的区域的伪随机固定交织模式。每个处理器处理许多这些随机位置的区域。处理器对区域的分配是固定的重复模式。固定交织处理的最高级别是将固定大小的数据库区域（区域模块）分配给多边形处理器（11,12,26）。下一级涉及图像分区域固定交织处理。在该级别上，所显示的图像被划分成以伪随机但固定的方式分配给倾斜器（20）的小子区域。这将对所有像素处理器的负载进行调整。通常，倾斜者处理图像的大的连续区域。本发明使用小的子区域（64×64像素），并且将不同信道的许多子区域分配给单个层（20）。即使对于高像素处理的局部区域，每个平铺器也保持相等的加载。第三级涉及二位二进制像素，固定交错处理。图像被进一步划分为分布在分层器（20）上的多个像素运算符（26）的2x2像素块。这种细粒度平行度在固定的伪随机取向中确保了跨所有像素处理器（26）的相等负载。本发明的第二方面是使用多边形和像素分配总线（14,15）。对于网络培训环境中使用的各种模拟器配置，需要最大化的图像发生器可配置性，扩展和高效处理。为了实现这一点，在所有图形处理阶段之间实现分配总线。

8. 发明公开

EP0611020A3 Image generator 失效
公开(公告)号：EP0611020A3
公开(公告)日：1994-12-21
申请号：EP94201376.4
申请日：1989-12-05
申请人： REDIFFUSION SIMULATION LIMITED
发明人： Baker, Stephen John , Cowdrey, Dennis Alan , Olive, Graham John , Wood, Karl Joseph
IPC分类号： G06F15/72
CPC分类号： G06T1/60 , G06T15/00 , G09B9/301
摘要： An apparatus for generating an image to be displayed on a display screen from data defining a model including a plurality of opaque and translucent features. The image is intended to represent a view of the model from a predetermined eyepoint and is made up from an array of screen space pixels to be displayed by a raster scanning process. Each pixel is of uniform colour and intensity, and the pixels together define an image area. The image area is divided into an array of sub-areas each of which covers at least one pixel. For each feature in the model that is potentially visible from the eyepoint, a test is conducted to determine which of the sub-areas is at least partially covered by that feature. A list of feature identifiers is produced in respect of each sub-area, the list for any one sub-area identifying features which at least partially cover that sub-area. The position in screen space of at least one sampling point within each sub-area is determined. For each sub-area in turn, and for each sampling point a test is conducted to determine which of the features in that sub-area's list cover that sampling point. For each feature which covers a sampling point, a function of the distance from the eyepoint to that feature at the sampling point is determined. Feature describing data is stored for each sampling point within a sub-area, the stored data being indicative of at least the distance of the opaque feature which covers the sampling point and is nearest to the eyepoint and the distance and translucency of at least one nearer translucent feature which covers the sampling point. An output is produced for each sampling point within a sub-area, the sampling point output corresponding to the combined effects of the features identified by the stored data. An output for each pixel within a sub-area is produced, the pixel output corresponding to the combined effects of the sampling point outputs for all sampling points which contribute to that pixel, and the pixel outputs are displayed.

9. 发明公开

EP0627103A1 IMAGE TEXTURING SYSTEM HAVING THEME CELLS 失效
标题翻译：通过主题细胞BILDTEXTURIERUNGSYSTEM。
公开(公告)号：EP0627103A1
公开(公告)日：1994-12-07
申请号：EP93906037.0
申请日：1993-02-17
申请人： EVANS & SUTHERLAND COMPUTER CORPORATION
发明人： COSMAN, Michael , BROWN, Thomas
IPC分类号： G06T15 , G06T17 , G09B9
CPC分类号： G06T17/05 , G06T15/50 , G09B9/301
摘要： Système de texturation d'images utilisant des cellules thématiques pour faciliter la création zone par zone de données d'images topographiques que l'on veut afficher. Le système est utilisable dans les appareils simulateurs de vol destinés, par exemple, à l'entraînement des pilotes. Une mémoire stocke les cartes thématiques représentant les zones de certains terrains spécifiques, par exemple les terrains sous une trajectoire de vol. Les cartes thématiques sont indexées selon un quadrillage et possèdent des codes d'identification de caractéristiques, par exemple une forêt, un plan d'eau ou analogue, situés dans chaque coin du quadrillage. Un dispositif de sélection commandé par un générateur d'images sélectionne une carte thématique actuelle et la décompose cellule par cellule afin d'obtenir des représentations à référence cornière d'une cellule thématique actuelle, c'est-à-dire les codes d'identification de caractéristiques identifiant les quatre coins de la cellule thématique actuelle et ses traitements topographiques quadripartites, par exemple une forêt, une mer ou analogue. Un dispositif de stockage topographique stocke une bibliothèque d'ensembles de modèles de traitement topographique dérivés, par exemple, des données photographiques d'une forêt, d'une mer ou analogue. Une unité de mémoire RAM de traitement topographique commandée par le générateur d'images fournit des représentations de certains traitements topographiques sélectionnés et indiqués pour la cellule thématique actuelle, et sélectionne le type et la séquence du traitement topographique nécessaire à la production de la cellule thématique actuelle. Un assembleur d'éléments thématiques reçoit les représentations de la cellule thématique actuelle et les traitements topographiques sélectionnés. A l'aide de ces données, la cellule est précisée selon des règles prévues à cet effet, afin de donner des données d'image représentant une pluralité de traitements topographiques de structures différentes.

10. 发明公开

EP0507548A3 Texture for real time image generation 失效转让
标题翻译：实时图像生成的纹理
公开(公告)号：EP0507548A3
公开(公告)日：1994-05-11
申请号：EP92302828.6
申请日：1992-03-31
申请人： GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY
发明人： Steiner, Walter Robert , Chandler, Jimmy Everett , Ferguson, Robert Lloyd , Donovan, Kenneth Burton , Ellis, John Ross
IPC分类号： G06F15/72
CPC分类号： G06T15/50 , G09B9/301
摘要： Texture data for a gaming area may be stored in a bulk memory storage device. A computer image generation (CIG) system dynamically updates a working memory from the bulk memory device so that a texture processor can continuously generate texture information for the portion of the gaming area to be displayed. The working memory is updated based on factors such as vehicle position in the gaming area, vehicle direction, speed and range of sight. The texture data may be stored in a hierarchy wherein at a first texture resolution for a first area a predetermined amount of data, or number of cells, are used, while at a next coarser texture resolution, the same predetermined amount of data, or number of cells are used for a second area, wherein the second area is larger than the fist area. This pattern may be repeated for as many layers of texture data as are desired. Localized islands, or specified areas, within the gaming area may be represented by texture data having a higher resolution than immediately surrounding areas of the gaming area. Layers may lack texture information in predetermined areas, so that texture data at the next highest available resolution for those areas may be used.

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