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1. 发明授权

EP3197851B1 VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON 1,3-BUTADIEN AUS N-BUTENEN DURCH OXIDATIVE DEHYDRIERUNG 有权
公开(公告)号：EP3197851B1
公开(公告)日：2019-05-08
申请号：EP15763001.3
申请日：2015-09-14
申请人： BASF SE , Linde AG
发明人： JOSCH, Jan Pablo , GRÜNE, Philipp , BENFER, Regina , VICARI, Maximilian , BIEGNER, Andre , BLOCH, Gregor , BOELT, Heinz , REYNEKE, Hendrik , TOEGEL, Christine , WENNING, Ulrike
IPC分类号： C07C5/48 , C07C7/08 , C07C7/11 , C07C7/04 , C07C11/167

2. 发明授权

EP3224235B1 VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON CIS- UND TRANS-ANGEREICHERTEM MDACH 有权
公开(公告)号：EP3224235B1
公开(公告)日：2018-11-14
申请号：EP15798024.4
申请日：2015-11-18
申请人： BASF SE
发明人： WEIDERT, Jan-Oliver , KRAMP, Sandra , BENFER, Regina , PANCHENKO, Alexander , WEICKGENANNT, Andreas , GUTFRUCHT, Norbert , BREUER, Klaus , KOZICKI, Artur , BUSCH, Ralph
IPC分类号： C07C209/86 , C07C211/36
CPC分类号： C07C7/04 , B01D3/007 , B01D3/10 , C07C209/86 , C07C211/36 , C07C2601/14

3. 发明公开

EP3197851A1 VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON 1,3-BUTADIEN AUS N-BUTENEN DURCH OXIDATIVE DEHYDRIERUNG 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：EP3197851A1
公开(公告)日：2017-08-02
申请号：EP15763001.3
申请日：2015-09-14
申请人： BASF SE , Linde AG
发明人： JOSCH, Jan Pablo , GRÜNE, Philipp , BENFER, Regina , VICARI, Maximilian , BIEGNER, Andre , BLOCH, Gregor , BOELT, Heinz , REYNEKE, Hendrik , TOEGEL, Christine , WENNING, Ulrike
IPC分类号： C07C5/48 , C07C7/08 , C07C7/11 , C07C7/04 , C07C11/167
CPC分类号： C07C5/48 , B01D3/40 , C07C5/333 , C07C7/005 , C07C7/05 , C07C7/08 , C07C7/11 , C07C11/167
摘要： The invention relates to a process for preparing butadiene from n-butenes, comprising the steps of: A) providing an input gas stream (a) comprising n-butenes, B) feeding the input gas stream (a) comprising n-butenes and a gas containing at least oxygen into at least one oxidative dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating n-butenes to butadiene, wherein a product gas stream (b) comprising butadiene, unconverted n-butenes, water vapour, oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons and high-boiling secondary components, optionally carbon oxides and optionally inert gases is obtained; Ca) cooling the product gas stream (b) by bringing into contact with a cooling medium in at least one cooling zone, the cooling medium being at least partly recycled and having an aqueous phase and an organic phase ; Cb) compressing the cooled product gas stream (b) which may have been depleted of high-boiling secondary components in at least one compression stage, giving at least one aqueous condensate stream (c1) and one gas stream (c2) comprising butadiene, n-butenes, water vapour, oxygen and low-boiling hydrocarbons, optionally carbon oxides and optionally inert gases; D) removing uncondensable and low-boiling gas constituents comprising oxygen and low-boiling hydrocarbons, with or without carbon oxides and with or without inert gases, as gas stream (d2) from the gas stream (c2) by absorbing the C
4 hydrocarbons comprising butadiene and n-butenes in an absorbent, giving an absorbent stream laden with C
4 hydrocarbons and the gas stream (d2), and then desorbing the C
4 hydrocarbons from the laden absorbent stream, giving a C
4 product gas stream (d1), E) separating the C
4 product stream (d1) by extractive distillation with a butadiene-selective solvent into a stream (e1) comprising butadiene and the selective solvent and a stream (e2) comprising n-butenes; F) distilling the stream (e1) comprising butadiene and the selective solvent into a stream (f1) consisting essentially of the selective solvent and a stream (f2) comprising butadiene, charactersied in that step Cb) comprises at least two compression stages Cba) and at least two cooling stages Cbb), which are designed as quench columns, in the cooling stage, the cooling takes place by bringing into direct contact with the two phase cooling medium having an aqueous and an organic phase.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及由正丁烯制备丁二烯的方法，其包括以下步骤：A）提供包含正丁烯的输入气流（a），B）将包含正丁烯的输入气流（a）和将至少含氧的气体送入至少一个氧化脱氢区并将正丁烯氧化脱氢成丁二烯，其中产物气流（b）包含丁二烯，未转化的正丁烯，水蒸气，氧气，低沸点烃和高沸点获得次要组分，任选的碳氧化物和任选的惰性气体; Ca）通过在至少一个冷却区中与冷却介质接触来冷却产物气流（b），冷却介质至少部分地再循环并且具有水相和有机相; Cb）压缩在至少一个压缩阶段中可能已经耗尽高沸点次要组分的冷却产物气流（b），得到至少一种含水冷凝物流（c1）和一种包含丁二烯的气体流（c2），n 丁烯，水蒸汽，氧气和低沸点烃，任选的碳氧化物和任选的惰性气体; D）通过吸收包含丁二烯的C4烃作为来自气流（c2）的气流（d2），从气体流（c2）中除去含有氧气和低沸点烃的含有或不含有碳氧化物和有或没有惰性气体的不可冷凝和低沸点气体成分和正丁烯在吸收剂中反应，产生充满C4烃和气体物流（d2）的吸收剂物流，然后从装载的吸收剂物流中解吸出C4烃，得到C4产物气流（d1），E） C4产物流（d1）通过用丁二烯选择性溶剂萃取蒸馏到包含丁二烯和选择性溶剂的物流（e1）和包含正丁烯的物流（e2）中; F）将包含丁二烯和选择性溶剂的物流（e1）蒸馏成基本上由选择性溶剂组成的物流（f1）和包含丁二烯的物流（f2），其特征在于该步骤Cb）包括至少两个压缩阶段Cba）和在冷却阶段中设计为骤冷塔的至少两个冷却阶段Cbb）通过与具有水相和有机相的两相冷却介质直接接触而进行冷却。

4. 发明授权

EP1708977B1 VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON BUTADIEN UND 1-BUTEN 有权
标题翻译：用于生产丁二烯和1-丁烯
公开(公告)号：EP1708977B1
公开(公告)日：2010-06-09
申请号：EP04804420.0
申请日：2004-12-30
申请人： BASF SE
发明人： JOHANN, Thorsten , SCHINDLER, Götz-Peter , BRODHAGEN, Andreas , CRONE, Sven , BENFER, Regina , SIGL, Marcus , DUDA, Mark
IPC分类号： C07C5/333 , C07C11/167
CPC分类号： C07C5/327 , C07C5/333 , C07C5/48 , C07C11/167
摘要： The invention relates to a method for producing butadiene from n-butane, comprising the steps of A) providing an input gas flow a containing n-butane; B) feeding said input gas flow a containing n-butane into at least one first dehydrogenation zone and dehydrogenating n-butane in a non-oxidative catalytic manner, whereby a product gas flow b containing n-butane, 1-butene, 2-butene, butadiene, hydrogen, low-boiling secondary components, and optional steam is obtained; C) feeding the product gas flow b resulting from the non-oxidative catalytic dehydrogenation process and an oxygen-containing gas into at least one second dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating 1-butene and 2-butene, whereby a product gas flow c containing n-butane, 2-butene, butadiene, hydrogen, low-boiling secondary components, and steam is obtained, said second product gas flow c having a higher butadiene content than product gas flow b; D) eliminating hydrogen, the low-boiling secondary components, and steam, whereby a C4 product gas flow d essentially comprising n-butane, 2-butene, and butadiene is obtained; E) separating the C4 product gas flow d into a recirculation flow e1 essentially comprising n-butane and 2-butene and a valuable product flow e2 substantially comprising butadiene by means of extractive distillation; F) feeding flow e1 essentially comprising n-butane and 2-butene as well as a circulating flow g containing 1-butene and 2-butene into a distillation zone and separating the same into a 1-butene-rich valuable product flow f1, a recirculation flow f2 containing 2-butene and n-butane, and a flow f3 containing 2-butene, and redirecting the recirculation flow f2 into the first dehydrogenation zone; G) feeding flow f3 containing 2-butene into an isomerization zone and isomerizing 2-butene to 1-butene, whereby a circulating flow g containing 1-butene and 2-butene is obtained, and redirecting the circulating gas flow g into the distillation zone.

5. 发明授权

EP1682468B1 VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON 1-BUTEN 有权
标题翻译：用于生产1-丁烯
公开(公告)号：EP1682468B1
公开(公告)日：2009-07-15
申请号：EP04790913.0
申请日：2004-10-27
申请人： BASF SE
发明人： SCHINDLER, Götz-Peter , BRODHAGEN, Andreas , JOHANN, Thorsten , HILL, Thomas , SIGL, Marcus , BENFER, Regina
IPC分类号： C07C5/333 , C07C5/25 , C07C5/05 , C07C7/08
CPC分类号： C07C5/333 , C07C5/05 , C07C5/2506 , C07C7/08 , C07C11/08
摘要： The invention relates to a method for producing 1-butene by feeding an n-butane containing feed gas flow (a) to a dehydration zone and dehydrating the n-butane, thereby obtaining a product gas flow (b); removing hydrogen and low-boiling secondary constituents, thereby obtaining a C4 product gas flow (c); separating the C4 product gas flow (c) into an n-butane containing return flow and a 1-butene, 2-butene and butadiene containing flow (d2) by extractive distillation and returning the return flow to the dehydration zone; feeding the flow (d2) to a selective hydration zone and selectively hydrating butadiene to give 1-butene and/or 2-butene, thereby obtaining a 1-butene and 2-butene containing flow (4); feeding the flow (e) and a 1-butene and 2-butene containing circular flow to a distillation zone and removing a 1-butene containing value product flow, thereby leaving a 2-butene containing flow (f2); feeding the flow (f2) to an isomerization zone and isomerizing 2-butene to give 1-butene, thereby obtaining the circular flow, and returning the same to the distillation zone.

6. 发明公开

EP3274320A1 VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON 1,3-BUTADIEN AUS N-BUTENEN DURCH OXIDATIVE DEHYDRIERUNG 审中-公开
公开(公告)号：EP3274320A1
公开(公告)日：2018-01-31
申请号：EP16711007.1
申请日：2016-03-23
申请人： BASF SE , Linde AG
发明人： JOSCH, Jan Pablo , BALEGEDDE RAMACHANDRAN, Ragavendra Prasad , WALSDORFF, Christian , BENFER, Regina , WELLENHOFER, Anton , WENNING, Ulrike , BOELT, Heinz , REYNEKE, Hendrik , TOEGEL, Christine
IPC分类号： C07C5/48 , C07C7/00 , C07C7/09 , C07C7/11 , C07C11/167 , C07C7/08
CPC分类号： C07C5/48 , C07C7/005 , C07C7/08 , C07C7/09 , C07C7/11 , C07C11/167
摘要： The invention relates to a process for preparing butadiene from n-butenes, comprising the steps of: A) providing a vaporous feedstock gas stream a1 containing n-butenes by evaporating a liquid stream a0 containing n-butenes; B) feeding vaporous feedstock gas stream a1 containing n-butenes and a gas containing at least oxygen into at least one oxidative dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating n-butenes to butadiene, resulting in a product gas stream b containing butadiene, unconverted n-butenes, steam, oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, and high-boiling secondary components, with or without carbon oxides and with or without inert gases; Ca) cooling product gas stream b by bringing same in contact with a cooling medium, which contains an organic solvent and includes an aqueous phase and an organic phase, in at least one cooling zone, and at least some of the cooling medium is recycled into the cooling zone; Cb) compressing the cooled product gas stream b, which may have been stripped of high-boiling secondary components, in at least one compression stage, resulting in at least one aqueous condensate stream c1 and one gas stream c2 containing butadiene, n-butenes, steam, oxygen and low-boiling hydrocarbons, with or without carbon oxides and with or without inert gases; D) removing uncondensable and low-boiling gas constituents comprising oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, any carbon oxides and any inert gases as a gas stream d2 from gas stream c2 by absorbing the C
4 hydrocarbons comprising butadiene and n-butenes in an absorbent, resulting in an absorbent stream laden with C
4 hydrocarbons and gas stream d2, and then desorbing the C
4 hydrocarbons from the laden absorbent stream, resulting in a C
4 product gas stream d1. The disclosed method is characterized in that at least some of the recycled cooling medium from step Ca) is brought into thermal contact with liquid stream a0 containing n-butenes in one or more indirect heat exchangers, and at least part of liquid stream a0 containing n-butenes is evaporated with the recycled cooling medium using indirect heat exchange.

7. 发明公开

EP3274319A1 VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON 1,3-BUTADIEN AUS N-BUTENEN DURCH OXIDATIVE DEHYDRIERUNG 无效
公开(公告)号：EP3274319A1
公开(公告)日：2018-01-31
申请号：EP16709473.9
申请日：2016-03-14
申请人： BASF SE , Linde AG
发明人： JOSCH, Jan Pablo , DEUBLEIN, Stephan , BENFER, Regina , GAITZSCH, Friedemann , REYNEKE, Hendrik , TOEGEL, Christine , WENNING, Ulrike , WELLENHOFER, Anton , BOELT, Heinz
IPC分类号： C07C5/48 , C07C7/09 , C07C7/11 , C07C11/167 , C07C7/00
CPC分类号： C07C5/48 , C07C7/005 , C07C7/08 , C07C7/09 , C07C7/11 , C07C11/167
摘要： The invention relates to a process for preparing butadiene from n-butenes, comprising the steps of: A) providing a feedstock gas stream a1 containing n-butenes; B) feeding feedstock gas stream a1 containing n-butenes, an oxygenous gas and an oxygenous cycle gas stream a2 into at least one oxidative dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating n-butenes to butadiene, resulting in a product gas stream b containing butadiene, unconverted n-butenes, steam, oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, and high-boiling secondary components, with or without carbon oxides and with or without inert gases; Ca) cooling product gas stream b and optionally removing at least some high-boiling secondary components and steam, resulting in a product gas stream b'; Cb) compressing and cooling product gas stream b' in at least one compression and cooling stage, resulting in at least one aqueous condensate stream c1 and one gas stream c2 containing butadiene, n-butenes, steam, oxygen and low-boiling hydrocarbons, with or without carbon oxides and with or without inert gases; Da) absorbing the C
4 hydrocarbons comprising butadiene and n-butenes in an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent as an absorbent stream A1 in an absorption column K1 and removing uncondensable and low-boiling gas constituents comprising steam, oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, any carbon oxides, aromatic hydrocarbon solvent and any inert gases as a gas stream d2 from gas stream c2, resulting in an absorbent stream A1' laden with C
4 hydrocarbons and a gas stream d2, and then desorbing the C
4 hydrocarbons from the laden absorbent stream A1', resulting in a C
4 product gas stream d1; Db) recycling at least part of gas stream d2 as a cycle gas stream a2 into the oxidative dehydrogenation zone. The disclosed method is characterized in that the content of aromatic hydrocarbon solvent in cycle gas stream a2 is limited to less than 1% by volume by bringing gas stream d2 discharged in removal stage Da) into contact with an at least partially circulating liquid absorbent stream A2 for aromatic hydrocarbon solvent A1 in another column K2 and limiting the water content in the liquid absorbent stream A2 to no more than 80% by weight.

8. 发明公开

EP3224235A1 VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON CIS- UND TRANS-ANGEREICHERTEM MDACH 审中-公开
标题翻译： VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON CIS-UND TRANS-ANGEREICHERTEM MDACH
公开(公告)号：EP3224235A1
公开(公告)日：2017-10-04
申请号：EP15798024.4
申请日：2015-11-18
申请人： BASF SE
发明人： WEIDERT, Jan-Oliver , KRAMP, Sandra , BENFER, Regina , PANCHENKO, Alexander , WEICKGENANNT, Andreas , GUTFRUCHT, Norbert , BREUER, Klaus , KOZICKI, Artur , BUSCH, Ralph
IPC分类号： C07C209/86 , C07C211/36
CPC分类号： C07C7/04 , B01D3/007 , B01D3/10 , C07C209/86 , C07C211/36 , C07C2601/14
摘要： The invention relates to a method for producing trans-enriched MDACH, characterized in that an MDACH starting mixture is distilled in the presence of an auxiliary agent. Trans-enriched MDACH is distilled, and - the auxiliary agent is an organic compound with o a molar mass of 62 to 500 g/mol, o a boiling point which lies at least 5 °C above the boiling point of cis,cis-2,6-diamino-1-methylcyclohexane, wherein each of the boling points is based on a pressure of 50 mbar, and o 2 to 4 functional groups which independently of one another are an alcohol, primary, secondary, or tertiary amino group, - the MDACH starting mixture contains 0 to 100 wt.% 2,4-diamino-1-methylcyclohexane (2,4-MDACH) and 0 to 100 wt.% 2,6-diamino-1-methylcyclohexane (2,6-MDACH), based on the total quantity of MDACH (= 2,4- and 2,6-MDACH) contained in the MDACH starting mixture, the MDACH starting mixture containing both trans- as well as cis-isomers, and - trans-enriched MDACH is a mixture containing 0 to 100 wt.% 2,4-MDACH and 0 to 100 wt.% 2,6-MDACH, based on the total quantity of MDACH contained in the mixture. The ratio of trans-isomers in the mixture to the total quantity of MDACH contained in the mixture is higher than the ratio of trans-isomers in the MDACH starting mixture to the quantity of MDACH contained in the MDACH starting mixture.
摘要翻译：一种制备反式富集MDACH的方法，包括：在助催化剂存在下蒸馏MDACH起始混合物，所述助剂是摩尔质量为62-500g / mol，沸点至少为5℃以上的有机化合物顺式，顺式-2,6-二氨基-1-甲基环己烷和2-4个官能团的沸点，其各自独立地为醇基或伯，仲或叔氨基。基于存在于MDACH起始混合物中的MDACH的总量，MDACH起始混合物包含0至100重量％的2,4-MDACH和0至100重量％的2,6-MDACH。 MDACH起始混合物包括反式和顺式异构体。反式富集的MDACH包含0至100重量％的2,4-MDACH和0至100重量％的2,6-MDACH，其中反式异构体在混合物中的比例高于反式异构体在 MDACH起始混合物。

9. 发明公开

EP2945923A1 VERFAHREN ZUR OXIDATIVEN DEHYDRIERUNG VON N-BUTENEN ZU BUTADIEN 有权
公开(公告)号：EP2945923A1
公开(公告)日：2015-11-25
申请号：EP14700646.4
申请日：2014-01-15
申请人： BASF SE
发明人： JOSCH, Jan Pablo , WECK, Alexander , GIESA, Sonja , BÜTEHORN, Steffen , BALEGEDDE RAMACHANDRAN, Ragavendra Prasad , BENFER, Regina , WEBER, Markus
IPC分类号： C07C5/48 , C07C7/00 , C07C7/08 , C07C7/11 , C07C7/05 , C07C11/167
CPC分类号： C07C5/48 , C07C7/005 , C07C7/05 , C07C7/08 , C07C7/11 , C07C2523/887 , C07C11/167
摘要： The invention relates to a method for producing butadine from n-butenens, consisting of the following steps: A) a feed gas flow (a) containing n-butenes is provided; B) the feed gas flow (a) containing n-butenes and an oxygen-containing gas is fed to at least one dehydrogenation area and is oxidatively dehydrogenated from n-butenes to form butadiene; a product gas flow (b) containing butadiene, unreacted n-butenes, water vapour, oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, optionally carbon oxides and optionally inert gases is obtained; C) the product gas flow (b) is cooled and compressed in at least compression step; at least one condensate flow (c1) containing water and a gas flow (c2) containing butadiene, n-butenes, water vapour, oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, optionally carbon oxides and optionally inert gases is obtained; D) non-condensable and low-boiling gas component parts containing oxygen, low-boiling hydrocarbons, optionally carbon oxides and optionally inert gases are separated from the gas flow (c2) by Da) absorbing C4-hydrocarbons containing butadiene and n-butenes in absorption means boiling at a high temperature, wherein an absorption agent flow charged with C4-hydrocarbons and the gas flow (d2) are obtained, Db) the oxygen is removed from the absorption agent flow charged with the C4-hydrocarbon by stripping with the inert gas, and Dc) the C
4 hydrocarbons are desorbed from the charged absorption agent flow and a C
4 -product gas flow (d1), which consists essentially of C
4 -hydrocarbons and has less that 100ppm oxygen, is obtained. E) the C4-product flow (d1) is separated by extractive distillation using a selected solvent for butadiene in a butadiene and the material flow (e1) containing the selective solvent and a material flow (e2) containing n-butenes; F) the butadiene and the material flow (e1) containing the selective solvent is distilled in a material flow (f1) consisting essentially of the selective solvent and a material flow (f2) containing a butadiene.
摘要翻译：本发明涉及由正丁烯制备丁二烯的方法，其由以下步骤组成：A）提供含有正丁烯的原料气流（a）; B）将含有正丁烯和含氧气体的进料气流（a）供入至少一个脱氢区并从正丁烯氧化脱氢形成丁二烯; 得到包含丁二烯，未反应的正丁烯，水蒸气，氧气，低沸点烃，任选的碳氧化物和任选的惰性气体的产物气流（b）; C）产品气流（b）至少在压缩步骤中被冷却和压缩; 获得至少一种含水和含丁二烯，正丁烯，水蒸气，氧气，低沸点烃，任选的碳氧化物和任选的惰性气体的气流（c2）的冷凝物流（c1） D）将含有氧，低沸点烃，任选碳氧化物和任选惰性气体的不可冷凝和低沸点气体组分部分从气流（c2）中分离出来，Da）将含有丁二烯和正丁烯的C4-烃在高温下沸腾的吸收装置，其中获得装有C4-烃的吸收剂流和气流（d2），Db）通过用惰性溶剂汽提从装有C4-烃的吸收剂流中除去氧气气体和Dc），C 4烃从加入的吸收剂流中解吸并获得基本上由C 4烃组成且具有小于100ppm氧的C 4产物气流（d 1）。 E）使用用于丁二烯中丁二烯的选定溶剂的萃取蒸馏和含有选择性溶剂和含有正丁烯的物料流（e2）的物料流（e1）通过萃取蒸馏分离C4-产物流（d1） F）将丁二烯和含有选择性溶剂的物流（e1）在基本上由选择性溶剂组成的物流（f1）和含丁二烯的物流（f2）中蒸馏。

10. 发明公开

EP2809633A1 VERFAHREN ZUR HERSTELLUNG VON BUTADIEN UND/ODER BUTENEN AUS N-BUTAN 有权
标题翻译： PROCESS FOR由正丁烷PRODUCING丁二烯和/或丁烯
公开(公告)号：EP2809633A1
公开(公告)日：2014-12-10
申请号：EP13701487.4
申请日：2013-01-30
申请人： BASF SE
发明人： GIESA, Sonja , BENFER, Regina
IPC分类号： C07C5/333 , C07C7/08 , C07C11/167
CPC分类号： C07C5/333 , C07C5/48 , C07C7/08 , C07C7/11 , C07C11/08 , C07C11/167
摘要： The process for preparing butadiene from n-butane comprises the steps of A) providing an input gas stream a comprising n-butane; B) feeding the input gas stream a comprising n-butane into at least one first dehydrogenation zone; C) compressing in at least one first compression stage and cooling the gas stream b; D) absorption of the butenes and of the stream c2 comprising butadiene, n-butane, hydrogen, water vapour, possibly inert gases and possibly carbon oxides with a selective solvent; E) extractive distillation of the selective solvents; F) distillation of the selective solvents; G) feeding the stream f and an oxygenous gas into at least one second dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating 1-butene and 2-butenes.

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