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21. 发明公开

EP1202504A3 Router line card protection using One-for-N redundancy 审中-公开
标题翻译：保护路由器接口卡与一对N冗余
公开(公告)号：EP1202504A3
公开(公告)日：2004-05-12
申请号：EP01309201.0
申请日：2001-10-30
申请人： Chiaro Networks Ltd.
发明人： Blackmon, Harry C. , Brewer, Tony M. , Dozier, Harold W. , Kleiner, Jim , McDermott, Thomas C. III , Palmer, Gregory S. , Shaw, Keith W. , Traylor, David
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L45/28 , H04L45/00 , H04L45/583 , H04L49/552
摘要： Router line cards are partitioned, separating packet forwarding from external or internal interfaces and enabling multiple line cards to access any set of external or internal data paths. Any failed working line card can be switchably replaced by another line card. In particular, a serial bus structure on the interface side interconnects any interface port within a protection group with a protect line card for that group. Incremental capacity allows the protect line card to perform packet forward functions. Logical mapping of line card addressing and identification provides locally managed protection switching of a line card that is transparent to other router line cards and to all peer routers. One-for-N protection ratios, where N is some integer greater than two, can be achieved economically, yet provide sufficient capacity with acceptable protection switch time under 100 milliseconds. Alternatively, protect line cards can routinely carry low priority traffic that is interruptible, allowing the protect line card to handle higher priority traffic previously carried by a failed working line card. This approach renders unnecessary engineering a network for less than full capacity to allow rerouting in the event of individual line card failure. Consequently, all data paths can be fully utilized. If a particular interface module on one data bus needs removal for maintenance, a duplicate data bus is available intact, allowing hot replacement of any working or protect interface module, even while a line card protection switch is in effect.

22. 发明公开

EP1202599A3 System and method for routing IP packets using an optical core 审中-公开
标题翻译：通过光学芯的装置的系统和方法Weglenken IP分组
公开(公告)号：EP1202599A3
公开(公告)日：2004-03-24
申请号：EP01309189.7
申请日：2001-10-30
申请人： Chiaro Networks Ltd.
发明人： Brewer, Tony M. , Blackmon, Harry C. , Dozier, Harold C , Elazar, Uri, , Kleiner, Jim , Liu, Bing , Mcdermott, Thomas C.III , Palmer, Gregory S. , Shaw, Keith W. , Shekel, Eyal , Visser, Lance Arnold , Wallach, Steven J. , Watson, Thomas Lee
IPC分类号： H04Q11/00
CPC分类号： H04L49/357 , H04L49/25 , H04L49/254 , H04L49/3027 , H04L49/3045 , H04L49/557 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q11/0066 , H04Q2011/0043 , H04Q2011/005 , H04Q2011/0058
摘要： An IP router with an optical core switches 40-byte packets at OC192 speed in 32 to 40 nanoseconds, with dynamic switch reconfiguration between consecutive packets. Optical switches have a 64 by 64 cross bar configuration. Embodiments are smoothly scalable from roughly ten interfaces up to 640 input/output ports. The system contains a central arbiter, which controls switch configurations, and incorporates redundancy throughout, including switches, arbiter, facility interface functionality, communication paths, control network, routing network, and master control processors. The preferred embodiment incorporates one-plus-one input protection. If there is a failure on any path, an alternate path reliably and seamlessly carries the traffic. All single point failures are confined to that part of the router system where they originate. One router need not communicate fault conditions to other routers to change their internal routing tables. Consequently, the network topology of a very large network remains static, since any errors in a router are confined within that router or between a pair of router systems having redundant interfaces. The method incorporates extensive internal error checking and correcting. The system is designed for no more than 50 milliseconds switchover time due to any single point failure. When a module fails, it can be hot-swapped with a new module without bringing down the system. High-speed optical interconnects, e.g. , between equipment racks, allow rack separations of up to 150 meters.

23. 发明公开

EP1396967A2 Configuration rollback 审中-公开
标题翻译： Zurückrolleneiner Konfiguration
公开(公告)号：EP1396967A2
公开(公告)日：2004-03-10
申请号：EP03254517.0
申请日：2003-07-18
申请人： Chiaro Networks Ltd.
发明人： Visser, Lance A.
IPC分类号： H04L12/56 , G06F11/14
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L45/563 , Y10S707/99953 , Y10S707/99954
摘要： A router 10 rolls back 213 a current running configuration 202 to a selected prior running configuration 201 without requiring interruption or reinitialization of the router or of its network connections 15-1,...15-N. The router retrieves command line interface control settings associated with the selected prior running configuration 201 and those associated with the current running configuration 202. The router then generates 203- 212 and executes 213 a rollback script based on the difference 205-207 between the prior control settings 201 and the current control settings 202.
摘要翻译：路由器10将当前运行的配置202回滚到所选择的先前运行配置201，而不需要中断或重新初始化路由器或其网络连接15-1，... 15-N。路由器检索与所选择的先前运行配置201相关联的命令行界面控制设置以及与当前运行配置202相关联的命令行界面控制设置。然后路由器基于现有控件之间的差异205-207生成203- 212并执行回滚脚本213 设置201和当前控制设置202.

24. 发明公开

EP1294144A2 System and method for router data distribution 审中-公开
标题翻译：系统和Verfahren zur Routerdatenverteilung
公开(公告)号：EP1294144A2
公开(公告)日：2003-03-19
申请号：EP02256443.9
申请日：2002-09-17
申请人： Chiaro Networks Ltd.
发明人： Simmons, Steve M. , Kleiner, Jim , Li, Qiang , Liu, Bing , Visser, Lance Arnold
IPC分类号： H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L47/15 , H04L1/1614 , H04L12/1868 , H04L45/02 , H04L45/021 , H04L45/42 , H04L47/12 , H04L47/22
摘要： Employing an asymmetric protocol, multiple sources reliably broadcast dynamically changing routing tables incrementally across multiple consumers from a single distributor. Each of multiple sources sends current tables to the distributor using a snapshot mechanism. Messages are buffered, segmented, paced by timers, and broadcast to the consumers repetitively at the distributor. Negative acknowledgments from the consumer request missing messages from the distributor after receipt of a keepalive message from the distributor. The distributor marks the missing messages and retransmits replacements from a history buffer only after firing of a resend timer. A unique Session ID included in all messages originating from each particular source facilitates reliable table distribution from multiple sources to multiple consumers via a single distributor.
摘要翻译：采用非对称协议，多个源可以从单个分发者可靠地广泛地跨多个消费者广播动态变化的路由表。每个多个源使用快照机制将当前表发送给分发者。消息被缓冲，分段，由定时器起搏，并在分销商处重复地向消费者广播。消费者的否定确认从收到来自经销商的保持性信息后，分发者请求丢失消息。分配器标记丢失的消息，并且仅在触发重新发送定时器之后从历史缓冲区重新发送替换。来自每个特定源的所有消息中包含的唯一会话ID便于通过单个分发者从多个源到多个消费者的可靠表分配。

25. 发明公开

EP1261186A1 System and method for TCP connection protection switching 有权
标题翻译：为路由器连接的等效电路的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：EP1261186A1
公开(公告)日：2002-11-27
申请号：EP02253109.9
申请日：2002-05-02
申请人： Chiaro Networks Ltd.
发明人： Watson, Thomas L. , Baukus, David D. , Folkes, Ronald Paul , Visser, Lance Arnold
IPC分类号： H04L29/06
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , G06F11/1675 , G06F11/2033 , G06F11/2038 , G06F11/2097 , H04L45/586 , H04L49/552 , H04L69/16 , H04L69/162 , H04L69/163
摘要： If an active router Master Control Processor (11) fails, a backup Master Control Processor (12) switches over without interrupting peer network router connections, because all previously established connection parameters are replicated on both Master Control Processors. Once the Master Control Processor programs line cards (31), the packet forwarding modules (501) and embedded system function without further involvement of the Master Control Processor until the next programming update. Messages flow through the backup Master Control Processor and then through the active Master Control Processor, which outputs messages through the backup Master Control Processor. Thus the backup Master Control Processor captures state changes before and after the active Master Control Processor. Both Master Control Processors maintain replicated queues in which they store replicated messages awaiting processing or retransmission. If acknowledgment of receiving a transmitted message is received from a destination peer router, that message is deleted from both Master Control Processors. If acknowledgment is not received within a predetermined interval, the stored message is retransmitted. Message splicing prevents lost and partially transmitted messages during and after switchovers.

26. 发明公开

EP1217794A2 System and method for router queue and congestion management 审中-公开
标题翻译： Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur routerwarteschlangesverwaltung undüberlastungsverwaltung
公开(公告)号：EP1217794A2
公开(公告)日：2002-06-26
申请号：EP01310554.9
申请日：2001-12-18
申请人： Chiaro Networks Ltd.
发明人： Brewer, Tony M. , Kleiner, Jim , Palmer, Gregory S. , Shaw, Keith W.
IPC分类号： H04L12/56 , H04Q11/04 , H04L29/06
CPC分类号： H04L47/32 , H04L47/10 , H04L47/24 , H04L49/3081 , H04L2012/5648 , H04L2012/5681 , H04Q11/0478
摘要： In a multi-QOS level queuing structure, packet payload pointers are stored in multiple queues and packet payloads in a common memory pool. Algorithms control the drop probability of packets entering the queuing structure. Instantaneous drop probabilities are obtained by comparing measured instantaneous queue size with calculated minimum and maximum queue sizes. Non-utilized common memory space is allocated simultaneously to all queues. Time averaged drop probabilities follow a traditional Weighted Random Early Discard mechanism. Algorithms are adapted to a multi-level QOS structure, floating point format, and hardware implementation. Packet flow from a router egress queuing structure into a single egress port tributary is controlled by an arbitration algorithm using a rate metering mechanism. The queuing structure is replicated for each egress tributary in the router system.
摘要翻译：在多QOS级排队结构中，分组有效载荷指针被存储在公共存储器池中的多个队列和分组有效载荷中。算法控制进入排队结构的数据包的丢弃概率。通过将测量的瞬时队列大小与计算的最小和最大队列大小进行比较，可以获得瞬时丢弃概率。未使用的公共存储器空间被同时分配给所有队列。时间平均下降概率遵循传统的加权随机早期丢弃机制。算法适用于多级QOS结构，浮点格式和硬件实现。从路由器出口排队结构到单个出口端口支路的分组流由使用速率计量机制的仲裁算法控制。为路由器系统中的每个出口支路复制排队结构。

27. 发明公开

EP1207715A2 System and method for router multicast control 审中-公开
标题翻译：系统和Verfahren zur Steurung vonMehrfachübertragung在einem路由器
公开(公告)号：EP1207715A2
公开(公告)日：2002-05-22
申请号：EP01309610.2
申请日：2001-11-14
申请人： Chiaro Networks Ltd.
发明人： McDermott, Thomas C. III , Kleiner, Jim
IPC分类号： H04Q11/00 , H04L12/56
CPC分类号： H04L49/203 , H04L49/1523 , H04L49/201 , H04Q11/0005 , H04Q2011/0039 , H04Q2011/0047
摘要： A multicast packet is transferred through a switching fabric from an input line card to a dedicated multicast card, which is substantially the same as an input and output line card, but without external facility interfaces. A dedicated output multicast card converts the multicast packet from an optical to an electrical packet and passes it to a dedicated input multicast card, where the packet is replicated electrically, converted back to an optical packet, and then transferred through the switching fabric to multiple destinations. In some embodiments, input and output dedicated multicast cards are actually a single card. Transfer of the multicast packet to multiple destinations occurs sequentially or simultaneously during a single switching cycle, if multiple parallel switching paths exist through the switching fabric. Some embodiments include multiple dedicated multicast cards, allowing rapid simultaneous expansion of the multicast tree.
摘要翻译：组播数据包通过交换结构从输入线卡传输到专用组播卡，与输入和输出线路卡基本相同，但没有外部设备接口。专用输出组播卡将组播数据包从光学转换为电子数据包，并将其传递到专用输入组播卡，将数据包电复制，转换回光学分组，然后通过交换结构传输到多个目的地。在一些实施例中，输入和输出专用组播卡实际上是单个卡。如果通过交换结构存在多个并行交换路径，则在单个切换周期内将多播分组转移到多个目的地顺序或同时发生。一些实施例包括多个专用多播卡，允许多播树的快速同时扩展。

28. 发明公开

EP1194800A4 MODULATED LIGHT SOURCE AND METHODS OF PRODUCING A MODULATED LIGHT SOURCE 审中-公开
标题翻译：调制光源及其制造方法
公开(公告)号：EP1194800A4
公开(公告)日：2004-12-29
申请号：EP00925555
申请日：2000-05-07
申请人： CHIARO NETWORKS LTD
发明人： SHEKEL EYAL
IPC分类号： G02B6/42 , G02F1/313 , G02B6/10 , G02B6/12 , G02B6/13 , G02B6/24 , G02B6/26 , G02F1/00 , H01S5/026 , H04B10/155
CPC分类号： G02B6/4204 , G02F1/3136
摘要： A modulated light source includes a housing (10) that encloses a laser diode light source (16) fiberlessly coupled to a modulator (30), and output optics (58) fiberlessly coupling the modulator to an optical fiber (50) that extends outwardly from the housing. Methods of producing the modulated light source are also disclosed.

29. 发明公开

EP1202596A3 System and method for router data aggregation and delivery 审中-公开
标题翻译：系统和方法，用于聚集和数据路由器的传输
公开(公告)号：EP1202596A3
公开(公告)日：2004-06-09
申请号：EP01309174.9
申请日：2001-10-30
申请人： Chiaro Networks Ltd.
发明人： Brewer, Tony M. , Blackmon, Harry C. , Davies, Chris , Dozier, Harold W. , McDermott, Thomas C., III , Wallach, Steven J. , Walker, Dean E. , Yeh, Lou
IPC分类号： H04Q11/00 , H04L12/56 , H04L29/06
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04J3/0605 , H04L1/004 , H04L1/0083
摘要： A chunk format for a large-scale, high data throughput router includes a preamble that allows each individual chunk to have clock and data recovery performed before the chunk data is retrieved. The format includes a chunk header that contains information specific to the entire chunk. A chunk according to the present format can contain multiple packet segments, with each segment having its own packet header for packet-specific information. The format provides for a scrambler seed which allows scrambling the data to achieve a favorable zero and one balance as well as minimal run lengths. There can be a random choice of available scrambler seeds for any particular chunk to avoid malicious forcing of zero and one patterns or run lengths of bit zeroes and ones. There are a chunk cyclical redundancy check (CRC) as well as forward error correction (FEC) bytes to detect and/or correct any errors and also to insure a high degree of data and control integrity. Advantageously, a framing symbol inserted into the chunk format itself allows the receiving circuitry to identify or locate a particular chunk format. "Break Bytes" and "Make Bytes" fields located at the beginning of a chunk preamble precondition an optical receiver to a proper state before the actual chunk arrives at the receiver.

30. 发明公开

EP1376988A1 Method for high availability of a BGPv4 router (Border Gateway Protocol version 4 ) 审中-公开
标题翻译： Verfahren zur hohenVerfügbarkeiteines BGPv4路由器（边界网关协议版本4）
公开(公告)号：EP1376988A1
公开(公告)日：2004-01-02
申请号：EP03253814.2
申请日：2003-06-17
申请人： Chiaro Networks Ltd.
发明人： Visser, Lance A. , Ning, Qi
IPC分类号： H04L29/06
CPC分类号： H04L45/00 , H04L45/28
摘要： High availability BGP4 is based on redundant hardware as well as redundant software that replicates the RUN state of BGP4. There are two copies, respectively active 11 and backup 12, of BGP4 running on two separate redundant hardware platforms. All BGP4 internal implementations apply various methods to replicate the running state of BGP4 independently of peer network routers 14, 15, 16. When this hardware or software fails 302, 304 on one redundant hardware platform, peer routers are unaware of the failure. Internally, based on duplicative states, the local router 10 recovers 303, 305 from the failure and keeps the protocol running. During the recovery period, the local router can bring up a backup 12 again. In the HA architecture, these activities are not detected by peer routers, such that there is no instability to the Internet backbone caused by BGP4 failure.
摘要翻译：高可用性BGP4基于冗余硬件以及复制BGP4运行状态的冗余软件。在两个独立的冗余硬件平台上运行的BGP4有两个副本，分别为活动的11和备份12。所有BGP4内部实现都采用各种方法来独立于对等网络路由器14,15,16复制BGP4的运行状态。当硬件或软件在一个冗余硬件平台上故障302,304时，对等路由器不知道该故障。在内部，基于重复状态，本地路由器10从故障中恢复303,305，并保持协议的运行。在恢复期间，本地路由器可以再次启动备份12。在HA架构中，对等体路由器没有检测到这些活动，使BGP4故障引起的互联网骨干网不会发生不稳定。

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