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1. 发明授权

US06684948B1 Apparatus and method for heating subterranean formations using fuel cells 有权
标题翻译：使用燃料电池加热地下地层的装置和方法
公开(公告)号：US06684948B1
公开(公告)日：2004-02-03
申请号：US10053207
申请日：2002-01-15
申请人： Marshall T. Savage
发明人： Marshall T. Savage
IPC分类号： E21B3604
CPC分类号： H01M8/247 , E21B41/0085 , E21B43/24 , H01M8/04014 , H01M8/2425 , H01M8/243 , H01M8/2475 , H01M2250/405 , Y02B90/16 , Y02P90/40
摘要： A fuel cell based subterranean heater for mineral extraction, in situ decontamination, or other applications. The fuel cells are preferably stacked within a casing which is then inserted into a hole bored, or otherwise formed, into the formation to be heated. Conduits within the casing, and preferably formed by adjacent, aligned holes formed through the plates of the individual fuel cells supply fuel and air and extract exhaust gases. An optional manifold is used to span the overburden without applying heat to it directly. The manifold may also function as a heat exchanger between incoming and exhaust gases. Preferably the fuel cell is fueled by gases produced by the formation and also generates electricity which is available for use or export.
摘要翻译：用于矿物提取，原位去污或其他应用的基于燃料电池的地下加热器。燃料电池优选地堆叠在壳体内，然后将其插入到要加热的地层中钻孔或以其他方式形成的孔中。壳体内的管道，优选地由通过各个燃料电池的板形成的相邻排列的孔形成，供应燃料和空气并提取废气。可选择的歧管用于跨越上覆层，而不直接向其施加热量。歧管还可用作进入和排出气体之间的热交换器。优选地，燃料电池由地层产生的气体燃料并且还产生可供使用或出口的电力。

2. 发明授权

US06540018B1 Method and apparatus for heating a wellbore 有权
标题翻译：用于加热井筒的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06540018B1
公开(公告)日：2003-04-01
申请号：US09264437
申请日：1999-03-08
申请人： Harold J. Vinegar , Scott Lee Wellington
发明人： Harold J. Vinegar , Scott Lee Wellington
IPC分类号： E21B3604
CPC分类号： E21B36/04
摘要： An electrical heater is provided, the electrical heater being useful for heating soil around a wellbore, and the heater including: a plurality of electrically conductive heater elements within a wellbore, each element spaced from the other elements and located around the circumference of a wellbore; and an electrically insulating filer surrounding the elements within the wellbore; wherein a metal casing around the heater is not present.
摘要翻译：提供一种电加热器，电加热器可用于加热井眼周围的污垢，加热器包括：多个在井孔内的导电加热器元件，每个元件与其它元件间隔开并且位于井筒周围; 以及围绕所述井筒内的元件的电绝缘管道; 其中不存在围绕加热器的金属外壳。

3. 发明授权

US06769483B2 In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation using conductor in conduit heat sources 失效
标题翻译：在管道热源中使用导体的含烃地层的原位热处理
公开(公告)号：US06769483B2
公开(公告)日：2004-08-03
申请号：US09841238
申请日：2001-04-24
申请人： Eric Pierre de Rouffignac , Harold J. Vinegar , John Michael Karanikas , James Louis Menotti , John Matthew Coles , Bruce Gerard Hunsucker , Lawrence James Bielamowicz , Fredrick Gordon Carl, Jr.
发明人： Eric Pierre de Rouffignac , Harold J. Vinegar , John Michael Karanikas , James Louis Menotti , John Matthew Coles , Bruce Gerard Hunsucker , Lawrence James Bielamowicz , Fredrick Gordon Carl, Jr.
IPC分类号： E21B3604
CPC分类号： E21B43/24 , C09K8/592 , E21B36/001 , E21B36/04 , E21B41/0057 , E21B43/2401 , E21B43/243 , E21B43/247 , E21B43/30 , Y02C10/14 , Y02P20/582 , Y10S48/06
摘要： A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. Hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation from heat sources to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a desired temperature. Some of the heat sources may be conductors placed within conduits. The conductors may be resistively heated so that the conductors radiantly heat the conduits. The conduits may transfer heat to the formation.
摘要翻译：可以使用原位热处理来处理含烃地层。碳氢化合物，H2和/或其他地层流体可以从地层中产生。可以将热量从热源施加到地层上，以将地层的一部分的温度升高到期望的温度。一些热源可以是放置在导管内的导体。导体可以被电阻加热，使得导体辐射地加热导管。导管可以将热量传递到地层。

4. 发明授权

US06742593B2 In situ thermal processing of a hydrocarbon containing formation using heat transfer from a heat transfer fluid to heat the formation 有权
标题翻译：使用从传热流体传热来加热地层的含烃地层的原位热处理
公开(公告)号：US06742593B2
公开(公告)日：2004-06-01
申请号：US09841312
申请日：2001-04-24
申请人： Harold J. Vinegar , Eric Pierre de Rouffignac , Bruce Gerard Hunsucker
发明人： Harold J. Vinegar , Eric Pierre de Rouffignac , Bruce Gerard Hunsucker
IPC分类号： E21B3604
CPC分类号： E21B43/24 , C09K8/592 , E21B36/001 , E21B36/04 , E21B41/0057 , E21B43/2401 , E21B43/243 , E21B43/247 , E21B43/30 , Y02C10/14 , Y02P20/582 , Y10S48/06
摘要： A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. Hydrocarbons, H2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation from heat sources to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a desired temperature. A heat transfer fluid may be circulated within wellbores of some heat sources to heat the formation. The heat transfer fluid may be combustion gas from burners.
摘要翻译：可以使用原位热处理来处理含烃地层。碳氢化合物，H2和/或其他地层流体可以从地层中产生。可以将热量从热源施加到地层上，以将地层的一部分的温度升高到期望的温度。传热流体可以在一些热源的井筒内循环以加热地层。传热流体可以是来自燃烧器的燃烧气体。

5. 发明授权

US06260615B1 Method and apparatus for de-icing oilwells 失效
标题翻译：除油油井的方法和装置
公开(公告)号：US06260615B1
公开(公告)日：2001-07-17
申请号：US09344790
申请日：1999-06-25
申请人： Larry Verl Dalrymple , Harold Dean Eastin , Thomson Hall Wallace
发明人： Larry Verl Dalrymple , Harold Dean Eastin , Thomson Hall Wallace
IPC分类号： E21B3604
CPC分类号： E21B36/04 , Y10S166/901
摘要： A power cable for an ESP is used also for heating well bores in cold climates. An electrical switch is located within a wellbore at a selected location in the power cable. The electrical switch is provided to selectively short out the conductors within the power cable, thereby allowing the power cable above the switch to be used as a resistive heating element to thaw the wellbore. While the switch is open, power supplied to power cable drives ESP in a normal manner.
摘要翻译：用于ESP的电力电缆也用于在寒冷气候下加热井眼。电气开关位于电力电缆中选定位置的井筒内。提供电开关以选择性地缩短电力电缆内的导体，从而允许开关上方的电力电缆用作电阻加热元件以解冻井眼。当开关打开时，供电到电源线的电源以正常方式驱动ESP。

6. 发明授权

US06681859B2 Downhole oil and gas well heating system and method 有权
标题翻译：井下油气采暖系统及方法
公开(公告)号：US06681859B2
公开(公告)日：2004-01-27
申请号：US10037754
申请日：2001-10-22
申请人： William L. Hill
发明人： William L. Hill
IPC分类号： E21B3604
CPC分类号： E21B36/04
摘要： A down hole heating system for use with oil and gas wells which exhibit less than optimally achievable flow rates because of high oil viscosity and/or blockage by paraffin (or similar meltable petroleum byproducts). The heating unit the present invention includes shielding to prevent physical damage and shortages to electrical connections within the heating unit while down hole (a previously unrecognized source of system failures in prior art systems). The over-all heating system also includes heat retaining components to focus and contain heat in the production zone to promote flow to, and not just within, the production tubing.
摘要翻译：一种用于油气井的井下加热系统，由于油粘度高和/或石蜡（或类似可熔化的石油副产物）的堵塞而表现出不及最佳可实现的流速。本发明的加热单元包括屏蔽，以防止物理损坏和加热单元内的电气连接短缺，同时在井下（先前无法识别的现有技术系统中的系统故障源）。整个加热系统还包括保温组件，以在生产区域中聚焦和含有热量，以促进流入生产管道中而不仅仅在生产管道内。

7. 发明授权

US06631761B2 Wet electric heating process 有权
标题翻译：湿电加热过程
公开(公告)号：US06631761B2
公开(公告)日：2003-10-14
申请号：US10016626
申请日：2001-12-10
申请人： Jian-Yang Yuan , Ezra Eddy Isaacs , Haibo Huang , Deborah G. Vandenhoff
发明人： Jian-Yang Yuan , Ezra Eddy Isaacs , Haibo Huang , Deborah G. Vandenhoff
IPC分类号： E21B3604
CPC分类号： E21B43/2401
摘要： A wet electric heating (“WEH”) process involves establishing electrode zones (“e-zones”) around conductors (e.g., wells) for distributing electric current and thereby generating and distributing heat accordingly through a target region in a subterranean formation having hydrocarbons. The inventive WEH process takes into account e-zone geometric shape, spacing and/or spatial orientation to provide a more diffuse distribution of increased temperature values within the target region, compared to conventional electric heating processes, during at least the first 10% of a time interval when an electric potential is applied. The most significant source of heating for diffuse distribution of increased temperature values in the inventive WEH process arises from electric energy delivered directly to and throughout the target region, namely an electric heating distribution effect, which significantly reduces reliance on thermal conduction and/or fluid convection in distributing heat relatively early in the process of generating heat by electric ohm-heating.
摘要翻译：湿电加热（“WEH”）过程包括在导体（例如，孔）周围建立用于分配电流的电极区（“e区”），从而相应地通过具有碳氢化合物的地下地层中的目标区产生和分配热量。本发明的WEH方法考虑到e区几何形状，间距和/或空间取向，以便在传统电加热过程中，在至少前10％的施加电位时的时间间隔。在本发明的WEH过程中，用于扩散分布增加温度值的最重要的加热来源是直接传递到整个目标区域的电能，即电加热分布效应，其显着降低了对热传导和/或流体对流的依赖在通过电加热产生热量的过程中相对较早地分配热量

8. 发明授权

US06206093B1 System for pumping viscous fluid from a well 有权
标题翻译：从井中抽出粘性流体的系统
公开(公告)号：US06206093B1
公开(公告)日：2001-03-27
申请号：US09256875
申请日：1999-02-24
申请人： Woon Yung Lee , Diego Narvaez , Ketankumar K. Sheth , William B. Newberry
发明人： Woon Yung Lee , Diego Narvaez , Ketankumar K. Sheth , William B. Newberry
IPC分类号： E21B3604
CPC分类号： E21B36/04 , E21B43/128
摘要： A system allows the pumping of viscous fluids from a wellbore. The system includes a submergible pump and a pump intake through which a fluid may be drawn. A submergible electric motor powers the submergible pump, and a heater is connected in the pumping system to heat the wellbore fluid. Additionally, a combination of heaters may be employed to heat the desired production fluid both externally to the pumping system and internally to the pumping system.
摘要翻译：系统允许从井筒泵送粘性流体。该系统包括一个潜水泵和一个可以抽出流体的泵入口。潜水电机为潜水泵提供动力，并且在泵送系统中连接加热器以加热井筒流体。此外，可以采用加热器的组合来将泵送系统外部的所需生产流体加热到泵送系统的内部。

9. 发明授权

US06585046B2 Live well heater cable 有权
公开(公告)号：US06585046B2
公开(公告)日：2003-07-01
申请号：US09939902
申请日：2001-08-27
申请人： David H. Neuroth , Phillip R. Wilbourn , Larry V. Dalrymple , Don C. Cox
发明人： David H. Neuroth , Phillip R. Wilbourn , Larry V. Dalrymple , Don C. Cox
IPC分类号： E21B3604
CPC分类号： E21B23/14 , E21B36/04
摘要： A method of heating gas being produced in a well reduces condensate occurring in the well. A cable assembly having at least one insulated conductor is deployed into the well while the well is still live. Electrical power is applied to the conductor to cause heat to be generated. Gas is allowed up past the cable assembly and out the wellhead. The heat retards condensation, which creates frictional losses in the gas flow.

10. 发明授权

US06536526B2 Method for decreasing heat transfer from production tubing 失效
公开(公告)号：US06536526B2
公开(公告)日：2003-03-25
申请号：US09824283
申请日：2001-04-02
申请人： Don C. Cox
发明人： Don C. Cox
IPC分类号： E21B3604
CPC分类号： E21B36/04 , E21B36/005
摘要： A method for retarding temperature loss of fluid being produced in a well employs a fluid of low thermal conductivity in the tubing annulus. The tubing annulus extends between the production casing and the production tubing. It extends from a packer at the lower end of the tubing annulus to a wellhead. The fluid in one case is low density gas created by a partial vacuum. A vacuum is drawn on the tubing annulus to reduce the air density, which in turn reduces the amount of heat that convection currents can carry. In another example, the tubing annulus fluid is viscous hydrocarbon liquid. The hydrocarbon liquid also has a low thermal conductivity. Heat is supplied to the fluids being produced through the tubing annulus by a heater cable that extends into the well.

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