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    • 4. 发明申请
    • METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR REDUCING MEMBRANE FOULING
    • 减少膜的方法和装置
    • WO1998010856A1
    • 1998-03-19
    • PCT/US1997016245
    • 1997-09-15
    • UNION CAMP CORPORATION
    • UNION CAMP CORPORATIONNGUYEN, Dong, Donald
    • B01D63/00
    • B01D61/12B01D61/22B01D65/02B01D2321/12B01D2321/16B01D2321/2058Y02A20/131
    • The present invention is directed, among other things, to methods for reducing fouling of a separation membrane having a concentrate side subject to a concentrate pressure (Pc) and a permeate side subject to a pressure (Pp), comprising raising an initial permeate pressure (Ppo) to an increased permeate pressure (Pp1). The present invention further provides a method of reducing fouling of a membrane having a concentrate side subject to a concentrate pressure (Pc) and permeate side subject to a permeate pressure (Pp), comprising periodically raising an initial permeate pressure (Ppo) to an increased permeate pressure (Pp1). Additionally, the present invention provides an improved apparatus for filtering a fluid and methods of reducing membrane fouling in a separation membrane (18) using the apparatus, the improved apparatus comprising a feed inlet (2) having a pump (6), a filtering apparatus, a concentrate line (20) and a permeate line (30), the improvement comprising: on the feed inlet a first gauge (10) for measuring pressure and a controller for controlling pressure of the fluid passing through the feed inlet pump or for controlling the speed of the feed inlet pump; on the permeate line, a second gauge (23) for measuring pressure and a pressure controller for controlling pressure of the fluid passing through the permeate line; and on the concentrate line, a third guage (22) for measuring the pressure of the fluid passing through the concentrate side.
    • 本发明尤其涉及用于减少具有浓缩物侧的分离膜的污染的方法,所述浓缩物侧经受浓缩压力(Pc)和经受压力(Pp)的渗透侧,包括提高初始渗透压( Ppo)增加渗透压(Pp1)。 本发明还提供了一种减少具有浓缩物侧的膜的污垢的方法,所述浓缩物侧受制于渗透压(Pp)的浓缩物压力(Pc)和渗透侧,包括周期性地将初始渗透压(Ppo)提高到增加 渗透压(Pp1)。 另外,本发明提供一种用于过滤流体的改进装置和使用该装置减少分离膜(18)中的膜污染的方法,改进的装置包括具有泵(6)的进料入口(2),过滤装置 ,浓缩物管线(20)和渗透管线(30),其改进包括:在进料入口上用于测量压力的第一量规(10)和用于控制通过进料泵的流体的压力或用于控制的控制器 进料泵速度; 在渗透线上,用于测量压力的第二量规(23)和用于控制通过渗透物线的流体的压力的压力控制器; 并且在集中管线上,用于测量通过浓缩物侧的流体的压力的第三准则(22)。
    • 10. 发明申请
    • COLOR STABLE ROSIN ESTERS AND PREPARATION THEREOF
    • 颜色稳定的ROSIN ESTERS及其制备
    • WO1998026020A1
    • 1998-06-18
    • PCT/US1997022828
    • 1997-12-11
    • UNION CAMP CORPORATION
    • UNION CAMP CORPORATIONWHALEN, David, Mayo
    • C09F01/00
    • C09F1/04
    • Rosin esters that are both light colored and color stable are produced by reacting polyhydric alcohol with an equivalent excess of rosin, in the presence of calcium bis(monoethyl(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phosphonate. As used herein, "reacting" means to contact the reactants under conditions of time, temperature, pressure, etc., effective to achieve the desired reaction, e.g., an esterification reaction. When phosphinic acid is added to the reaction mixture, light colored and color stable rosin esters are produced regardless of whether the rosin or polyol are in equivalent excess, although preferably the rosin is in equivalent excess. It is preferred to include a phenol sulphide compound, such as Vultac3 2, with the calcium bis(monoethyl(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phosphanate, and to add the phosphinic acid incrementally after the acid number of the rosin and polyhydric alcohol reaction mixture has dropped to about 100. Excess rosin is preferably stripped from the product mixture at about 275 DEG C.
    • 在双(1-(3,5-二 - 叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)膦酸二乙酯存在下,通过多元醇与等量过量的松香反应,生成浅色和稳定的松香酯。 在这里,“反应”是指在时间,温度,压力等条件下接触反应物,以有效地实现所需的反应,例如酯化反应,当将次膦酸加入到反应混合物中时,浅色和稳定 无论松香或多元醇是否相当于过量产生松香酯,尽管优选松香相当于过量,但优选包括酚硫化物化合物如Vultac3 2与双((乙基) - 二叔丁基-4-羟基苄基)磷酸酯,并且在酸值的松香和多元醇反应混合物已经降至约100之后,增量地加入次膦酸。优选从产物中剥离松香 t混合物在约275℃