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    • 2. 发明授权
    • Method for making a piezoelectric transducer
    • 制造压电换能器的方法
    • US4406059A
    • 1983-09-27
    • US256330
    • 1981-04-22
    • William R. ScottPhilip BloomfieldWilliam T. WeistKaren M. McMahon
    • William R. ScottPhilip BloomfieldWilliam T. WeistKaren M. McMahon
    • H01L41/22H01R43/00
    • H01L41/29H01L41/0475H01L2224/8592H01L2924/01079Y10S310/80Y10T29/49098Y10T29/49174
    • A mechanical and electrical connection for a piezoelectric member of polyic material such as polyvinylidene fluoride, and method for forming such a connection. To form the connection, the piezoelectric member is first masked to prevent a preselected portion of its surface from being coated during subsequent coating operations. An electrically conductive member such as a lead wire or a solderable terminal is then attached to the nonmasked area of the piezoelectric member with adhesive such as epoxy. The masked piezoelectric member, the electrically conductive member, and (incidentally) the mask are then coated with a conductive coating such as sputtered gold to electrically connect the conductive member to the piezoelectric member. The mask can now be removed from the piezoelectric member if desired, although it can be left in place as a convenient vise. If the conductive member is a wire, adjacent portions of the wire and the piezoelectric member can now be coated with additional epoxy to provide heat dissipation for and protect the electrical connection provided by the conductive coating, and to insure mechanical strength of the contact. If the conductive member is a terminal strip or solderable terminal, a wire can now be soldered to the conductive coating at the terminal using low temperature solder. The solder joint can then be coated with silver-filled paint to produce a lower current density and lower contact resistance in the vicinity of the contact.
    • 用于聚合材料的压电构件如聚偏二氟乙烯的机械和电连接以及用于形成这种连接的方法。 为了形成连接,首先对压电元件进行掩模以防止在随后的涂覆操作期间其表面的预选部分被涂覆。 然后,诸如引线或可焊接端子之类的导电构件用诸如环氧树脂的粘合剂附接到压电元件的非掩蔽区域。 然后,将掩模的压电元件,导电元件和(附带地)掩模涂覆有诸如溅射金的导电涂层以将导电元件电连接到压电元件。 如果需要,掩模现在可以从压电元件移除,尽管它可以作为方便的虎钳留在原处。 如果导电构件是线,则线和压电构件的相邻部分现在可以涂覆有额外的环氧树脂以提供散热并保护由导电涂层提供的电连接并且确保接触的机械强度。 如果导电构件是端子带或可焊接端子,则现在可以使用低温焊料将导线焊接到端子处的导电涂层。 然后可以用银填充的涂料涂覆焊接接头,以在接触附近产生较低的电流密度和较低的接触电阻。
    • 3. 发明授权
    • Acoustic emission fatigue analyzer
    • 声发射疲劳分析仪
    • US4089224A
    • 1978-05-16
    • US772040
    • 1977-02-25
    • William R. ScottJohn M. Carlyle
    • William R. ScottJohn M. Carlyle
    • G01N3/00G01N3/06G01N29/14
    • G01N29/14G01N3/06G01N2203/0007G01N2203/0066G01N2203/0073G01N2203/0623G01N2203/0658G01N2291/0258G01N2291/02827
    • A device for acquiring and displaying acoustic emission fatigue data so as to facilitate the interpretation of dynamic micromechanical failure processes in materials. The load on a specimen under cyclic loading is monitored by a load cell whose output is sent to a cycle counter. The specimen is also monitored by a transducer which senses acoustic emissions. The signal produced by the transducer passes through a preamplifier, filter, amplifier and threshold detector to a pulse generator whose output is connected to the intensity modulation input of an oscilloscope or other cartesian coordinate arraying device. The load cell output is also connected to the vertical deflection input of the oscilloscope. The counter output is connected to the horizontal deflection input of the oscilloscope. Every time that the transducer detects an acoustic emission event, that event is represented on the oscilloscope in a two-dimensional cartesian coordinate system as a dot whose ordinate corresponds to the instantaneous load (derived from the load cell) and whose abscissa corresponds to the number of elapsed fatigue cycles (derived from the counter) at the time the event occurred, resulting in the simultaneous recording of the relationship between sample load, acoustic emission rate and number of fatigue cycles. By placing a screen splitter on the vertical deflection input to the oscilloscope, separate records of emissions under rising loads and under falling loads are produced.
    • 一种用于获取和显示声发射疲劳数据的装置,以便于解释材料中的动态微机械故障过程。 在循环加载下的样本上的负载由输出被发送到周期计数器的测力传感器监视。 样本也由感应声发射的换能器监测。 由换能器产生的信号通过前置放大器,滤波器,放大器和阈值检测器到脉冲发生器,其输出连接到示波器或其他笛卡尔坐标排列器件的强度调制输入。 称重传感器输出也连接到示波器的垂直偏转输入。 计数器输出连接到示波器的水平偏转输入。 每当传感器检测到声发射事件时,该事件在示波器上以二维笛卡尔坐标系表示,其点为纵坐标对应于瞬时负载(派生自测力传感器),横坐标对应于数字 在事件发生时,经历的疲劳周期(从计数器导出),导致样本负载,声发射率和疲劳周期数之间的关系的同时记录。 通过将屏幕分离器放置在示波器的垂直偏转输入上,产生在上升负载和下降负载下分离的排放记录。
    • 5. 发明授权
    • Electrical connection
    • 电气连接
    • US4339683A
    • 1982-07-13
    • US118043
    • 1980-02-04
    • William R. ScottPhilip BloomfieldWilliam T. WeistKaren M. McMahon
    • William R. ScottPhilip BloomfieldWilliam T. WeistKaren M. McMahon
    • H01L41/22H01L41/08
    • H01L41/29H01L41/0475H01L2224/8592H01L2924/01079Y10S310/80Y10T29/49098Y10T29/49174
    • A mechanical and electrical connection for a piezoelectric member of polyic material such as polyvinylidene fluoride, and method for forming such a connection. To form the connection, the piezoelectric member is first masked to prevent a preselected portion of its surface from being coated during subsequent coating operations. An electrically conductive member such as a lead wire or a solderable terminal is then attached to the nonmasked area of the piezoelectric member with adhesive such as epoxy. The masked piezoelectric member, the electrically conductive member, and (incidentally) the mask are then coated with a conductive coating such as sputtered gold to electrically connect the conductive member to the piezoelectric member. The mask can now be removed from the piezoelectric member if desired, although it can be left in place as a convenient vise. If the conductive member is a wire, adjacent portions of the wire and the piezoelectric member can now be coated with additional epoxy to provide heat dissipation for and protect the electrical connection provided by the conductive coating, and to insure mechanical strength of the contact. If the conductive member is a terminal strip or solderable terminal, a wire can now be soldered to the conductive coating at the terminal using low temperature solder. The solder joint can then be coated with silver-filled paint to produce a lower current density and lower contact resistance in the vicinity of the contact.
    • 用于聚合材料的压电构件如聚偏二氟乙烯的机械和电连接以及用于形成这种连接的方法。 为了形成连接,首先对压电元件进行掩模以防止在随后的涂覆操作期间其表面的预选部分被涂覆。 然后,诸如引线或可焊接端子之类的导电构件用诸如环氧树脂的粘合剂附接到压电元件的非掩蔽区域。 然后,将掩模的压电元件,导电元件和(附带地)掩模涂覆有诸如溅射金的导电涂层以将导电元件电连接到压电元件。 如果需要,掩模现在可以从压电元件移除,尽管它可以作为方便的虎钳留在原处。 如果导电构件是线,则线和压电构件的相邻部分现在可以涂覆有额外的环氧树脂以提供散热并保护由导电涂层提供的电连接并且确保接触的机械强度。 如果导电构件是端子带或可焊接端子,则现在可以使用低温焊料将导线焊接到端子处的导电涂层。 然后可以用银填充的涂料涂覆焊接接头,以在接触附近产生较低的电流密度和较低的接触电阻。
    • 9. 发明授权
    • Low emission, non-oxygenated fuel composition
    • 低排放,非氧化燃料组成
    • US6132479A
    • 2000-10-17
    • US71543
    • 1998-05-04
    • Joseph S. WelstandJohn FreelWilliam R. ScottMichael J. FuchsScott R. Brundage
    • Joseph S. WelstandJohn FreelWilliam R. ScottMichael J. FuchsScott R. Brundage
    • C10L1/06
    • C10L1/06
    • Provided is an unleaded gasoline fuel which is substantially free of oxygenates, i.e., the fuel contains less than 1.0 weight percent oxygen based on the total weight of the fuel composition, and most preferably contains no oxygen containing compounds. The gasoline fuel of the present invention also has a Reid vapor pressure of less than 7.5 psi, a sulfur content of less than 30 ppmw, and more preferably less than 20 ppmw sulfur, and an aromatic hydrocarbon content greater than 30 volume percent and/or a 50% D-86 Distillation Point greater than 220.degree. F. and/or a 90% D-86 Distillation Point greater than 330.degree. F. The gasoline fuel preferably also has an olefin content of no greater than 8 volume percent, and more preferably 5 volume percent or less. It has been found that such a gasoline fuel offers a substantially oxygenate free gasoline which avoids the environmental impact of oxygenates, yet when combusted in an internal combustion automobile provides good performance and good emissions.
    • 提供基本上不含氧化物的无铅汽油燃料,即燃料含有基于燃料组合物总重量小于1.0重量%的氧,最优选不含氧化合物。 本发明的汽油燃料还具有小于7.5psi,硫含量小于30ppmw,更优选小于20ppmw硫,以及大于30体积%的芳族烃含量的Reid蒸气压和/或 大于220°F的50%D-86蒸馏点和/或大于330°F的90%D-86蒸馏点。汽油优选还具有不大于8体积%的烯烃含量,更多 优选为5体积%以下。 已经发现,这样的汽油燃料提供了基本上不含氧的汽油,其避免了含氧化合物的环境影响,但是当在内燃汽车中燃烧时提供良好的性能和良好的排放。